Process Of Self-formation Research Articles

Self-Formation of Lignin Particles Through Melt-Extrusion for Active Biodegradable Food Packaging.

This study presents a method for the self-formation of lignin particles within a polylactic acid (PLA) matrix during melt-extrusion, eliminating the need for separation and drying steps typically associated with submicro-size lignin particles. This method effectively mitigates the problem of agglomeration often associated with the drying step. Softwood kraft lignin, guaiacyl lignin (GL-lignin), was dissolved in low-molecular-weight poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and was introduced into a twin-screw extruder using a liquid feeder. Lignin particles within a particle size range of 200-500 nm were observed in the extrudate of the PLA/PEG/GL-lignin composites. PLA/PEG/GL-lignin composite films were produced through blown film extrusion. These composite films demonstrated superior ultraviolet (UV)-barrier and antioxidant properties compared to neat PLA films, with optical and mechanical characteristics comparable to those of neat PLA. Moreover, migration values of the composite films in various food simulants were below regulatory limits, suggesting their potential for food packaging applications. This self-formation process offers a promising approach for utilizing lignin for PLA applications.

Analyzing Sartrean Inter-subjectivity and Concept of the Look in Macbeth

Shakespeare and Sartre have a specific bond in that the Bard has portrayed the kind of tragic characters that can be the embodiment or conceptualization of existential notions. The present research intends to investigate the relations of two consciousness or Sartrean inter-subjectivity as depicted in the tragedy of Macbeth and between its tragic heroes and others. Others have a great impact on Macbeth's consciousness and his process of self-formation. When he chooses to commit murder, he attempts to conceal his crimes from others to shun from the heavy sense of shame and self-disgust (guilt) created through what Sartre calls the Concept of the Look and its alienating effect upon the individual. Macbeth's social self (being-for-others) which is portrayed in his outward relations with others is in stark contrast with his subjective self (being-for-itself) which is displayed in his myriad reflections in his soliloquies and asides. The Macbeths assume a mask to conceal their real self from others' consciousness. This article first explains the concepts of inter-subjectivity and the Look in Sartre's philosophy, and then it discusses the same notions in the context of Shakespeare's Macbeth.

The Ordinariness of Ethics and the Extraordinariness of Revolution

In this article I present experiences of Egyptians too young to have taken part in the street protests and movement of the 2011 revolution. Today in their early twenties, they narrate their experiences during the early months of the uprising. None claimed to be revolutionaries then or now, but the revolution seems to animate them in complex and long-lasting ways. The January revolution failed to bring about change at the level of state power. Yet more is at stake than the political endgame. I turn my attention to how people narrate the revolution as a process of ethical reflection and self-formation through everyday relationships and settings that took on new meanings. These accounts challenge notions of what it means to participate in a revolution and where it is located and generate a conversation between the anthropology of ethics and the anthropology of revolutions.

Blade Runner’s Replicant Humanity: Self-Discovery and Moral Formation in a World of Simulation

In the postapocalyptic world of Blade Runner, replicants become the medium and content of a life-changing revelation: human existence has become an enslaving simulation. Humans and replicants are confronted with the challenge of (re)defining the human. The Blade Runner movies enact this (re)definition through the arcs of two key characters: Rachael and Officer K. Transcending externally imposed enslavement, these replicants venture into the indeterminate future, choosing to serve a good that includes and empowers others to struggle for their own liberation. The Blade Runner movies can be interpreted as an apology for moral formation by means of the production of grounding and redefining fictional spaces and content. To combat the global dynamics of dehumanization and ecological destruction they have generated and to which they have themselves become victim, humans must create fictional spaces in which they can remember and imagine authentic living. The desire to become human and act as a genuinely human and humane person forms the necessary precondition for and that which sustains the lifelong self-formation process that is human existence.

Взаимосвязь юмора и ресурсности мышления как основа автокреационных процессов

Background. The significance of studying resource-based thinking is due to its important role in the organization and successful implementation of various types of activities. The study of the relationship between humor and resourcefulness of thinking can provide the ways to find resources for a subject to more effectively resolve the difficulties arising in the course of his life activities. Objective. The study had its purpose to investigate the interrelation between humor style and resourcefulness of thinking. Study Participants. The study sample (N = 150) included senior psychology students (50 people), high school students profiled in social science, humanities, etc. (50 people), working people aged 30–45 years (50 people). Methods. “Martin's questionnaire of humor styles” and “Methodology for diagnosing the resource-based thinking” (for professions of a socionomic type) by Serafimovich, Medvedeva, Surina. The Pearson correlation coefficient and the Student's parametric t-test were used to process quantitative data. Results. The study revealed that a self-supporting style of humor is prevailing among students and adults, while minimally manifested among schoolchildren. Significant differences were found in the indicators of self-deprecating humor: they are significantly higher among students compared to adults. The study discovered some age-related specifics in the development of resource-based thinking: in adults, its general level as well as the motivational-goal component is significantly higher than in schoolchildren. It has been shown that self-supporting style of humor is positively correlated and self-deprecating style of humor is negatively correlated with almost all components of resource-based thinking. Besides, the self-supporting style of humor and the general level of resource-based thinking are positively interrelated, while aggressive and self-deprecating styles of humor are negatively related to the general level of resource-based thinking. Conclusions. For the first time, the relationship between humor and resourcefulness of thinking is shown as the ground for autocreative processes, i.e. processes of self-formation of new states. There exists a significant relationship between the prevailing style of humor and the level of resource-based thinking. A high level of resource-based thinking corresponds to the self-supporting style of humor, while its low level corresponds to the self-deprecating style of humor.

From Where Does She Speak?

This article investigates the rise of the feminine creative voice in the age of modernism through the lens of Virginia Woolf’s fictional and nonfictional writings. Her invaluable insights into the long history of women’s subjugation, as well as the fortunes of her contemporaries, provide a framework for an examination of how women established their position as capable members of society in the changing modern milieu. This essay examines Woolf’s novel To the Lighthouse, and her polemical essay A Room of One’s Own, with a view to demonstrating modern women’s path to creating their artistic identity. Drawing on Paul Ricoeur’s notion of narrative identity, I investigate women’s unique way of (re)gaining their confidence and articulating their own voice during the process of self-formation. Following Woolf’s lead, I consider their double status: as both an object of fascination in works of literature and a source of oppression in real life. I also use Hans-Georg Gadamer’s philosophy of historically effected consciousness (Wirkungsgeschichtes Bewusstsein) to reveal the productive interpretative distance that can help us unravel the complexities of the historical and contingent nature of the development of the female artistic genius. An interrogation of women’s imaginative self-manifestations opens the way to the discovery of crucial truths that pertain to the hermeneutics of female creativity.

Emotional Communication as Complex Phenomenon in Musical Interpretation – Proposal for a Systemic Model That Promotes a Transdisciplinary Process of Self-Formation and Reflection Around Expressiveness as a Lived Experience

For a long time, expressiveness in musical performance was a question of musical performance and research. It was difficult to explain why musicians arouse aesthetic emotions in their listeners with their interpretation. Even so, was more complex to explain why the performance of the same work by various artists provoked different emotional responses in listeners. Thanks to empirical research, our understanding of this phenomenon has improved. However, these theories and discoveries have not permeated teaching practice, so they have not yet taken a new direction in music teaching. In this paper, we proposed a new approach to expressiveness in musical interpretation in a systemic and complex way. For this, we propose a systemic model that allows us to observe the dynamic behavior of the phenomenon of emotional communication in musical interpretation. Furthermore, we suggest a systemic transdisciplinary didactic proposal to encourage the performer to develop their musical identity, reinforce their sensitivity and creativity, and enrich their expression and participatory intention in interpretation.

“Traitor over a night”: on critique and the fragility of privilege in the aftermath of Turkey’s coup attempt

Drawing on ethnographic research with the devout members of Gülen movement displaced in the aftermath of the coup attempt in 2016, this paper studies the existential crisis these formerly “proper Turkish citizens” have been experiencing after being targeted by the Turkish State. This existential crisis, as argued in this paper, is significantly informative in understanding how privilege-based ethical self-making emanates fragility. The paper, thus, both parallels Sunni-Turkish-ness with whiteness and provides a reading of ethical self-making processes the Gülenists developed vis-à-vis the notions of critique and comfort. It first looks closer at the two Islamic revivalist movements, Milli Görüş as the predecessors of Turkey’s ruling AKP (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi/Justice and Development Party) and the Gülen Movement, their rivalry over claiming the canon and the ways in which they differ in their notions of politics, political Islam, and critique. Although critique and self-critique are integral components of ethical self-formation processes, Gülen movement takes a somewhat inconsistent approach in implementing them to the heteronomous layers of self. Meaning, that while self-critique is an essential part of ethical self-making, critiquing the movement itself, the state, nation, and ancestors (as they were imagined) are not seen as ethical acts. It concludes with an analysis of how this discrepancy results in a sporadic distribution of ethical self-formation, leading to an existential crisis.

Tensile Properties of Aluminum Matrix Composites Produced via a Nitrogen-Induced Self-Forming Process

This study compares the tensile properties of commercial aluminum matrix composites (AMCs) with those of AMCs produced via a nitrogen-induced self-forming process. This process is a newly developed AMCs manufacturing process that takes advantage of the price competitiveness and productivity of large-scale products produced via the liquid process. Additionally, this process has the freedom of choice of the reinforcement phase and the homogeneous dispersibility of the powder process. Compared to commercial monolithic 6061 alloys, 6061 aluminum alloy matrix composites exhibit increased Young’s modulus, yield strength, and ultimate tensile strength by 59%, 66%, and 81%, respectively. This study also compares the tensile properties of AMCs with different matrix compositions, including 2009 and 7050 aluminum alloys. The study shows that AMCs produced using the nitride-induced self-forming aluminum composite (NISFAC) process exhibit comparable or superior tensile properties to those obtained using existing commercial powder metallurgy (P/M) processes.

Generalized Simulation Model of Nanostructure Self-Formation Process by Anodic Oxidization of Aluminum and Titanium

Generalized Simulation Model of Nanostructure Self-Formation Process by Anodic Oxidization of Aluminum and Titanium

Everything is in My Hands. Creative Subjectivities in Privileged Art School Students

How do privileged young people engage in artistic fields? Are the arts classified and classifying for educational paths? To examine these questions, I propose observations and reflections from a study of secondary art schools in Italy. Artistic education has received focused but limited attention from sociology, as part of an increasing interest towards cultural labour. However, Italian artistic schools remain a neglected research theme. The proposed study on secondary art schools aims to examine certain early dynamics of creative fields in Milan. This article interrogates the educational experiences of privileged students at art schools. The research is based on discursive interviews and focus groups with these students. Students’ class culture is investigated focusing on diverse scholastic dispositions and different outlooks on the future. The Bourdieusian notions of cultural capital and habitus allow certain dynamics of the aspiring young creatives’ process of self-formation to be examined. The analysis reveals privileged individuals who are ambitious, self-confident and with great forward-thinking skills, but who are also academically negligent. The trust in individual enterprise and success is deeply interiorised by interviewees. These neoliberal and entrepreneurial ideas are infused with moral, and often tacit, considerations on class boundaries. The analysis reveals some aspects of the symbolic boundary-making; dynamics in which a meritocratic ethos plays a key role in legitimating social divisions.

ЛИЧНОСТНОЕ САМОСТАНОВЛЕНИЕ БУДУЩИХ ПСИХОЛОГОВ

Statement of the problem. The article is devoted to the study of the problem of personal self-development of future psychologists. To achieve success in their professional activities, it is very important for future psychologists to know and evaluate their personal resources, focusing on the characteristics of personal self-development, so that, gaining life experience, harmoniously approach optimal states, flexibly acquire new forms in the process of development during adolescence, where the very process of self-formation is transformed into a bright and intense action, when civic maturity sets in and social roles change. Changing social roles, as a rule, occurs heterochronously, some roles are assimilated earlier, others later, therefore, an individual’s assessment of his/her resources is often incorrect. The noted specificity of personal self-development in adolescence raises the question of the need to analyze the personal self-development of future psychologists and describe its typological features for the formation and development of professional competencies. The purpose of the article is to present the results of a study on the characteristics of the personal self-development of future psychologists. The methodology of the study is based on the materials of scientific works of Russian and foreign scientists on the problem of personal self-development. The following diagnostic tools were used: the Life Style Index (LSI) technique, Lazarus coping test, the Behavior Self-Regulation Style test (V.I. Morosanova), the Meaningful Orientation test (D.A. Leontiev) the test of motivation for achieving success by T. Ehlers. Cluster analysis (single link method) was used in the analysis of empirical materials. Research results. Significant differences in the characteristics of personal self-development among students with different levels in terms of the general indicator of life meaningfulness are highlighted. Students with a low level of life-purpose orientation (LPO) have a tendency to use the mechanism of protection, i.e., “reactive formation” and “substitution”. It was revealed that in groups of students with a high level of LPO, the overall tension of psychological defenses increases by the 4th year. It has been established that the process of personal self-development among students with an average level of LPO is characterized by a weak connection between psychological defenses and coping strategies. It is noted that in all courses, future psychologists with different levels of LPO rarely use the “denial” defense mechanism. Conclusion. It is concluded that the results of the study indicate the need to develop technologies for working with psychological defenses in the educational process of future psychologists.

ANALYSIS OF THE NEED FOR LABOR MIGRATION POLICY IN SINGAPORE

Singapore is categorized as a Developed Country because of its developed trading industry among Southeast Asian countries. The existence of Singapore is inseparable from the presence of residents. As is known, most residents of Singapore are the result of migration policies due to the lack of population. Singapura recorded a record decline in people over the past year. The government's annual brief report revealed that the restrictions and conditions of the Covid-19 pandemic were one of the leading causes. Singaporean population also fell 0.7% to 3.5 million, while permanent residents (PR) fell 6.2% to 0.49 million. This is the first drop from YoY, both in population and population since data was collected in 1970. Migration is the movement of people from one area to another aimed at living sedentary, which goes beyond the administrative/political boundaries. The move made by a resident is usually immigrant because he has the desire to live a sedentary life for a long time. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method with literature review research. The results showed that one of the factors driving migration from Indonesia to Singapore was the lack of labor in Singapore. The process of self-formation into a Singaporean identity through migration, adaptation, and integration stages. Singapore has a policy toward migrant workers. The policy is specifically related to skills and age. If workers’ skills do not meet the criteria, the Government applies a policy to upgrade skills by conducting certified training. The Basic Skill Certificate (BSC) and Skill Evaluation Certificate (SEC) have been implemented since 1998.

“A Necessary Shadow of Being”: Irony, Imagination, and Personal Identity

This is the second of the essays on the existential-ontological ground of otherness, in which we see this ground as essentially entwined with our personhood and our personal identities. We analyze irony as both a “mechanism” of constituting these very identities and as an act revealing their self-altering nature. Irony in our view — informed by Kierkegaard, phenomenology, and psychoanalysis — is a subtle existential strategy by means of which subjectivity (not “the subject”) not only asserts itself, but also, and much more importantly, initiates an open-ended process of self-actualization and self-formation. Irony, as we present it, is at once a form of defensive response against the “absolute” character of reality and comparably “absolutist” aspirations of an individual. Such responses open up a space of negotiation between and among these forces, in their creative interplay. In doing so the responses can be as constitutive for subjectivity as they can be disruptive. The disruption does not only undermine the (apparently) unshakeable forms of our self-understanding. More radically, the disruption puts on the stage our “alternative identities,” those with which we have to confront ourselves, whether in the negative mode of repression, or in the acts of positive, or even playful, recognition. In this way irony reveals and articulates otherness in the very heart of subjectivity.

Bildung: A German student-centered approach to health and physical education

Theoretical foundations are fundamental to research in health and physical education. They reflect historical and cultural ideas and values. In this article, we seek to introduce the philosophy of Bildung from the Nordic-German cultural region to an English-speaking audience as one theoretical foundation for student-centered teaching. Bildung focuses on the student and his or her self-formation processes in health and physical education. Bildung refers to the holistic development of cognitive, physical, emotional, social, and esthetic capacities. It is an active and reflective process that centers on the inner development of individuality and is realized by individuals as they perceive, interpret, and respond to their realities and, in turn, shape the world in which they live. In this article, we also discuss parallels with social-constructivist approaches to health and physical education, especially with the concept of social and emotional learning.

Preparation of Al/AlN composites by in-situ reaction in the nitridation-induced self-forming process

Recently, we developed and reported an easy and cost-effective process called nitridation-induced self-forming Al composites (NISFAC) for manufacturing aluminum matrix composites from Al powder. In this process, AlN is formed by an in situ reaction between Al powder and nitrogen gas, and Al/AlN composites are self-sintered at temperatures below the melting point of aluminum because of the thermal energy released by the nitridation reaction of the Al powder. Because AlN is formed by an in situ reaction in the Al matrix, it is not only chemically stable, but also beneficial in terms of its wettability with the matrix. In this study, we prepared Al/AlN composites using the NISFAC process by increasing the amount of ex-situ added AlN reinforcement. The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) was effectively reduced by increasing the volume fraction of AlN, which was significantly lower than the theoretically expected value; a CTE of ∼10.8 × 10−6/°C could be achieved by adding only 20 vol.% of AlN. This demonstrates that the in situ formation of AlN during the NISFAC process may help reduce the CTE of Al/AlN composites.

Synthesis of biowaste-derived carbon foam for CO2 capture

Thermal transformation of biowaste to carbon foam provides an economically attractive and eco-friendly strategy for biowaste recycling. Herein, we report a novel self-foaming approach involving modified hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) and pyrolysis to produce carbon foam from biowaste. Notably, biowaste-derived carbon foam consists of foam structure and multi-porous structure, originated from the self-forming process of aromatic segments during modified HTC and pyrolysis processes. Based on characterization results, biowaste-derived carbon foam possesses hierarchical micropore, mesopore and macropore with increasing sp2 hybridized carbon atoms. We demonstrate the potential applications of this material for CO2 capture. Biowaste-derived carbon foam exhibits 5.0-fold and 4.8-fold CO2 uptake at 35 °C and 50 °C, respectively, compared to those of pristine biowaste. The recycling of biowaste to carbon foam for CO2 capture contributes to decarbonization efforts worldwide by a synergistic way, including the photosynthesis of atmospheric CO2 to biomass, carbon sequestration in carbon foam and CO2 capture by carbon foam.

Konsep Ikhlas dalam Implementasi Daqu Method di Pesantren Tahfizh Darul Qur’an Bandung

Ikhlas is one of the characteristics that every Muslim must have, sincerity is one of the peaks of godly enjoyment for a servant, because he only expects goodness from his God. Of course, having a sincere attitude cannot be formed suddenly, it requires a process of self-formation. Daqu Method is one of the methods in self-formation to achieve sincere attitude and all its implementation, therefore researchers have a basic purpose in this study with the basis of urgency to provide reference methods in undergoing the process of self-forging to be a better human being in the view of religion. Daqu method contains disciplines that contain consistent and continuous worship activities, these disciplines slowly include sincere values to everyone who undergoes the method. Daqu method proved successful in forging one's character in order to reach one of the peaks of godliness, to reach the purpose of the method, the people have to do a consitence diciplines.

Understanding power in development studies through emotion and affect: promising lines of enquiry

In this volume, the contributors take affect and emotions as a means to cast ‘development’ in fresh light. Recognising that the affective dimensions of life are a critical part of social, political and economic organisation, each contribution draws upon theories of affect and emotion to enrich understandings of power within development studies. This introductory essay critically reflects on dominant understandings of power in the field, outlining how these can be augmented, or rethought, through attention to affect and emotions. It proposes new lines of enquiry that bring a necessary dynamism to the analysis of power in three ways, revealing how emotion and affect: (a) sustain or potentially challenge broader social and economic conditions; (b) influence processes of self-formation; and (c) reinforce or potentially disrupt social hierarchies. We aim to advance a research agenda that draws upon affect theory to enhance understandings of development with a focus on power’s sedimentation and disruption.

Exercising power in autoethnographic vignettes to constitute critical knowledge

This article shows how autoethnographic vignettes can be used as a reflexive tool to problematize the power relations in which organizational ethnographers participate when doing and representing their fieldwork. Foucault’s analysis of the ethical self-formation process provides the impetus to explore the embodied experiences of my autoethnographic study of a cooperative retail outlet in New York. In questioning how power and knowledge reflexively generated my actions and interpretations, I frame this autoethnography as a means of critically reflecting on my own practice as a researcher. By writing about our own embodied interactions with others through discourses that constitute our experiences, we begin to understand how power is exercised in practice. I conclude by discussing the practical benefits for researchers of writing autoethnographic vignettes and, in particular, for doctoral students seeking to become qualitative researchers in the field.