Self-esteem Of College Students Research Articles

대학생의 우울과 자존감의 관계에서 자기격려-낙담의 병렬다중매개효과

Objectives The purpose of this study was to verify the parallel multiple mediating effects of cognitive-emo-tion-behavior, which were sub-factors of self-encouragement and self-discouragement, in the relationship be-tween depression and self-esteem in college students. Methods A survey was conducted on college students who voluntarily participated online, and all surveys were set as mandatory responses so that there was no unanswered response. The collected data were subjected to re-liability analysis, descriptive statistics of variables, and correlation analysis using the SPSS 26.0 statistical pro-gram, and the parallel multiple mediation model was verified using PROCESS Macro Model 4. Results First, college students' depression was negatively correlated with self-esteem and self-encouragement, and positively correlated with self-discouragement, and self-esteem was positively correlated with self-encour-agement and negatively correlated with self-discouragement. Second, in the relationship between depression and self-esteem in college students, the mediating effect of self-encouragement-cognition and self-encour-agement-emotion was significant, while the mediating effect of self-encouragement-behavior was not significant. The explanatory power of the model was 43.7%. Third, in the relationship between depression and self-esteem in college students, the mediating effects of self-discouragement-cognition and self-discourage-ment-behavior were significant, while the mediation effect of self-discouragement-emotion was not significant. The explanatory power of the model was 66.1%. Conclusions Through the results of this study, we confirmed the importance of cognition in improving self-es-teem and preventing decline in self-esteem in depressed college students, and confirmed that the factors that need to be intervened in self-encouragement and self-discouragement are different. In addition, rather than fo-cusing on self-encouragement, it was verified that there was a need to help prevent depressive symptoms from accelerating due to a decline in self-esteem. This study is significant in that it provided empirical evidence for con-structing an intervention program to improve the self-esteem of depressed college students.

The Moderated Mediation Effect of Grit in the Influence of Human Rights Awareness on Career Decision Efficacy through Self-esteem in University Students

The Moderated Mediation Effect of Grit in the Influence of Human Rights Awareness on Career Decision Efficacy through Self-esteem in University Students

Relationship Between Self-Esteem and Problematic Social Media Use Amongst Chinese College Students: A Longitudinal Study.

Numerous cross-sectional investigations have delved into the association between the self-esteem of college students and problematic social media use (PSMU). Nevertheless, the debated causal sequence between the two factors persists, and their unclear developmental connection over time prevails. We used a questionnaire method to follow 321 students in Chinese college over a period of 18 months and three times, of which 137 are male and 184 are female, with an average age of 18.42 years (SD = 0.78) at time 1. Descriptive statistics were used to present the general characteristics of the study participants. Moreover, the latent growth model was used to explore the developmental trajectory of self-esteem and PSMU and to explore the interplay between the two factors from a developmental perspective. On this basis, a cross-lagged model was used to verify the causal relationship between self-esteem and PSMU. In China, (a) the self-esteem levels of college students continuously decline during their academic years, whilst PSMU levels steadily increase. (b) The self-esteem of Chinese college students significantly negatively predicts PSMU. (c) The initial level of self-esteem amongst Chinese college students can significantly negatively predict the initial level of PSMU. Additionally, the rate of decline in self-esteem amongst Chinese college students can negatively predict the rate of increase in PSMU. Obtained results serve as a valuable resource for researchers and educators, enabling strategic intervention in addressing issues related to PSMU amongst college students from a developmental perspective.

Research on the Relationship between Explanatory Style and Self-esteem of College Students

Research on the Relationship between Explanatory Style and Self-esteem of College Students

Dual self-esteem in university students: validation of the rosemberg scale

This study evaluated the Rosenberg Scale, which measures self-esteem in university students in Peru, using Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The results confirmed a good fit of the model and the subscales presented high reliability. Convergent validity was confirmed. The Rosenberg Scale, focused on positive and negative self-esteem, is reliable and valid for this population. This tool is crucial for understanding self-esteem in the educational and psychological setting, influencing well-being and academic success, and offers a complete view of self-evaluation, considering confidence and self-doubt.

The mediating role of cognitive distortions in the relationship between problematic social media use and self-esteem in youth.

Self-esteem expresses the individual's approach to himself and affects the whole life in terms of mental health. Another important factor affecting self-esteem, which has a critical importance for the youth period, is social media. In the literature, there are many studies examining the relationship between social media use and self-esteem of young people. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the relationship between problematic social media use and self-esteem in university students and to test the mediating role of cognitive distortions in the relationship between these two variables. The sample of the study consisted of 239 young individuals, 197 (82.4%) female, and 42 (17.6%) males, with a mean age of 20.62 ± 1.92years, studying at a private university. Participants were evaluated by administering the "Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES)", "Social Media Disorder Scale (SMD-9)", and "Cognitive Distortions Scale (CDS)". The scales were administered via an online survey. Results revealed that there was a negative significant relationship between the problematic social media use levels of the participants and their self-esteem. In the model established to evaluate the mediating role of cognitive distortions in the relationship between problematic social media use and self-esteem levels, in the first step, it was found that problematic social media use directly predicted self-esteem negatively. In the second step, it was determined that the use of problematic social media negatively predicted the mediating variable cognitive distortions. In the third step, when cognitive distortions, which are mediator variables, are added to the model in the relationship between problematic social media use and self-esteem; it was determined that cognitive distortions played a partial mediating role in the sub-dimensions of "self-perception", "self-blame", "hopelessness" and "seeing life as dangerous", while the sub-dimensions of "helplessness" and "total scale scores" played a full mediator role. Our findings show that there is a negative relationship between the problematic social media use of young people and their self-esteem levels, and cognitive distortions play a mediating role in the relationship between both variables.

The Predictors of Self-Esteem in University Students: Intolerance of Uncertainty and Alexithymia

Self-esteem is characterized by self-evaluation and affects the social, emotional, and academic aspects of life. In this respect, high self-esteem is important for human mental health. This research aimed to determine university students' intolerance of uncertainty and alexithymia levels to predict their self-esteem. The research group comprised 365 undergraduate students. The data were collected using the “Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE)," "Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS)," and “Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS)." The analysis results of this study, in which the predictive correlational design was employed, revealed that self-esteem decreased as the level of alexithymia and intolerance of uncertainty increased. Besides, alexithymia and intolerance of uncertainty were significant predictors of self-esteem. It is hypothesized that interventions to increase self-esteem will reduce levels of alexithymia and intolerance of uncertainty. The integration of findings regarding alexithymia and intolerance of uncertainty, which are more common in clinical samples, into education will improve academic achievement and welfare.

대학생의 상태자존감이 SNS 중독경향성에 미치는 영향

This study is about the relationship between SNS addiction tendency and self-esteem of university students who need to establish self-identity and prepare for adult life at the present time when SNS (social network services) use rate is rapidly increasing. It was attempted to help establish the right state self-esteem by identifying the impact and to help prepare measures to prevent SNS addiction. Data were collected using a Google questionnaire from March 9 to March 15, 2023, targeting university students from two universities located in B city. 260 copies of the questionnaire were distributed and 258 copies were used for the final analysis, excluding 2 copies with incorrect responses. The collected data were subjected to frequency analysis, t-test, ANOVA, Duncan test, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS Statistics 25.0 program. The main results of the study are as follows: First, among the sub-factors of state self-esteem, 'functional self-esteem' showed differences according to grade level and SNS usage time, 'essential self-esteem' by gender, and 'social self-esteem' by gender, grade level, and SNS usage time. Second, SNS addiction tendency was found to be different according to gender and SNS usage time. Third, SNS addiction tendency was found to have a negative (-) correlation with functional self-esteem, essential self-esteem, and social self-esteem. Fourth, as for factors influencing SNS addiction tendency, gender female and SNS use time had a positive (+) effect, functional self-esteem and social self-esteem had a negative (-) effect. In conclusion, first, when operating an SNS addiction prevention program at a university, it is necessary to apply a program that can increase 'essential self-esteem' while reflecting the characteristics of each gender. Second, a relationship building program that can reduce the difficulty of interpersonal relationships without excessive use of SNS should be conducted. Third, it is necessary to apply a self-esteem strengthening program that can lower depression and anxiety and increase 'functional self-esteem' and 'social self-esteem' as well as educational programs on the correct use of SNS.

English

This study aims to explore the relationship between locus of control, grit, self-esteem and mental health among college students. A questionnaire survey was used to conduct a study on the mental health of 923 E-learning college students from 10 universities in Guangxi, China. In this study, Pearson correlation analysis was used to test the correlation between the study variables, and Bootstrap was used to test the mediating effect and effect ratio of grit and self-esteem. The results show that, locus of control, grit, and self-esteem can predict the mental health of college students. Grit plays a mediating role between locus of control and mental health; self-esteem plays a mediating role between locus of control and mental health; grit and self-esteem have a chain mediating effect between locus of control and mental health. Specifically, internal locus of control can effectively prevent college students from mental health problems through the chain mediation effect of grit and self-esteem. Powerful others and opportunity as the external locus of control will not only reduce the grit and self-esteem of college students, but also lead to more psychological problems. These research results provide suggestions to the university management on how to manage the mental health of E-learning students, especially those with psychological problems.   Key words: E-learning, locus of control, grit, self-esteem, mental health.

Social Media Addiction and its relationship with Self-esteem in University Students

Social media are virtual spaces created with the purpose of improving communication between human beings due to the speed at which information can be sent either from one room to another or even between different countries, despite the fact that it has many advantages. Excessive or uncontrolled use of these technological spaces brings with it a series of effects on a psychological level, since by spending a lot of time on social networks, the user begins to think that other people have the life they want and feel insufficient with themselves, being affected their self-esteem. The objective of this study is to establish the relationship between addiction to social networks and self-esteem in university students, for which a sample of 280 participants was used, 218 men and 74 women between the ages of 17 and 25 from a public university, to whom the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale and the Social Media Addiction Scale were applied. The results show a negative relationship between the levels of addiction to social networks and its dimensions: occupation (p= -0.281), mood change (p= -0.402), relapse (p= -0.310) and conflict (p= -0.386) with the levels of self-esteem, in addition there is no significant difference in terms of the comparison of the sex in a higher or lower level of addiction (p= 0.218), which makes it clear that the sex to which they belong does not represent a determining factor in addiction.

The relationship between perfectionism, self-perception of orofacial appearance, and mental health in college students.

In dental clinical practice, self-perception of orofacial appearance is highly correlated with treatment satisfaction. Therefore, it is important to explore factors correlated with self-perception of orofacial appearance. Perfectionism may be one such factor. This study investigated the role of perfectionism in self-perception of orofacial appearance. Participants completed an online questionnaire that included demographic data, a measure of perfectionism, a measure of self-perception of orofacial appearance (including body image, smile appearance concern, and self-esteem), and a measure of anxiety and depression. High perfectionism scores significantly predicted greater age, body image, smile appearance concern, and mental health scores and lower self-esteem scores (p < 0.005). After adjusting for possible confounding variables, smile appearance concern largely disappeared. Mental health acted as a mediator in the relationships between perfectionism and three orofacial appearance characteristics. High perfectionism predicted higher self-perception of body image, and lower mental health and self-esteem in college students. Mental health could mediate the relationships between perfectionism and self-perception of orofacial appearance.

The Role of Self-Esteem in the Relationship Between Psychological Capital and Anxiety of Left-Behind Experience College Students During COVID-19 Pandemic: An Online Study.

There is growing evidence that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a dramatic impact on public mental health. However, less attention has been paid to left-behind experience college students (LBEs). This online study aimed to investigate the relationship between psychological capital (PsyCap) and anxiety among LBEs during COVID-19 pandemic, and further analyze the mediation role of self-esteem between them. A total of 9990 students were chosen using the stratified cluster sampling method. Three self-reported questionnaires were used to assess the PsyCap, self-esteem, and anxiety, respectively. All the statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS 23.0 and R, and to further investigate the mediation effect of self-esteem in the association of PsyCap with anxiety, AMOS 23.0 was used to build a structural equation model. PsyCap, self-esteem, and anxiety were significantly correlated among LBEs during the COVID-19 pandemic. PsyCap affects anxiety directly (β = -0.22, SE = 0.051, 95% CI: -0.27, -0.17, P < 0.05). In addition, self-esteem partially mediated the relationship between PsyCap and anxiety (mediating effect value = -0.16, 95% CI: -0.20, -0.13, P < 0.05). During the pandemic of COVID-19, left-behind experience had a negative influence on the PsyCap and self-esteem of college students. In addition, for LBEs, self-esteem plays an important mediating role between PsyCap and anxiety. Therefore, from the perspective of PsyCap and self-esteem, schools should translate them into practical educational strategies to enhance the mental health and mitigate the anxiety levels of LBEs.

Relationship of Personality Traits Hexaco and Self Esteem in University Students

Self-esteem reveals the individual’s sense of worth and the degree to which the individual values himself. It represents the individual’s general as well as personal feelings diagonally the time and context. It pertains to the personnel evaluation regarding their potential, worth, capabilities and norms. Therefore, this research was carried out to analyze the HEXACO (conscientiousness, openness, honesty-humility, extraversion, neuroticism and agreeableness) in association with the self-esteem of university students. For this purpose, 300 participants of different ages, gender, education level and residence were included in the study. The data was collected on a predesigned questionnaire and was analyzed using statistical tools. It was found that openness, conscientiousness, and self-esteem, were substantially higher (p&lt;0.05) in males, but extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism were significantly higher in females (p&lt;0.05). Honesty-humility was also higher in female students. Further evaluations revealed that openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and honesty-humility were significant positive predictors (p&lt;0.05) of self-esteem in university students, whereas neuroticism served as a significant (p&lt;0.05) negative interpreter of self-esteem. Hence, it was concluded from this research that personality traits affect all elements of university students and are strongly associated with their self-esteem.

Correlation of Body Consciousness and Fear of Negative Appearance With Self-Esteem in University Students

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between body image consciousness and fear of negative social appearance with self-esteem and confidence, and try to understand the attitudes regarding body image and the factors that lead to fear of negative appearance and low self-esteem. &#x0D; Study design: A cross-sectional study.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted online and the link to the questionnaire was shared through several social media platforms such as Facebook and WhatsApp. The study was conducted from Apr 2021 to Aug 2021.&#x0D; Methodology: A cross-sectional study was done through an online survey that was created using google form. It used the Objectified Body Consciousness Scale (McKinley &amp; Hyde, 1996), Fear of Negative Appearance evaluation scale (Lundgren,Anderson, &amp; Thompson,2004), The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965).&#x0D; Result: A total of 561 responses were received in which 66.2% were female and 33.1% were males. Those responses were analyzed through SPSS2. The results demonstrated a direct proportionality between body image consciousness and a fear of negative social appearance while they demonstrated an inverse proportionality with self-esteem and confidence. It also showed that females have greater tendency for body surveillance, body shaming, fear, anxiety and low self-esteem related to it as compared to males. The Pearson correlation indicated a significant positive correlation between low self-esteem and family financial status.&#x0D; Conclusions: Body image consciousness and its related fears are found in both male and female university students. Social appearance has psychological effects on students. The low self-esteem is related to negative body appearance. Financial statusalso affects self-esteem related to body image or to the fear of negative appearance. Females are more conscious about body image than males.

Mediating Role of Self-Esteem in the Association between Loneliness and Psychological and Subjective Well-Being in University Students

The aim of this study is to examine the mediating role of self-esteem in university students in association with loneliness and psychological and subjective well-being. The study consisted of 340 university students, including 118 males and 222 females. The age range of participants is between 18 and 27. Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Flourishing Scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale and UCLA Loneliness Scale were used in the study. Results of the study showed that loneliness was significantly and negatively associated with self-esteem, psychological well-being, and subjective well-being. Self-esteem was significantly and positively related to psychological well-being and subjective well-being. In this study, compared to male students, female students tended to report greater self-esteem, psychological and subjective well-being while they reported lower loneliness. Mediation analysis revealed that loneliness was a significant and negative predictor of self-esteem, psychological and subjective well-being. Self–esteem partially mediated the association between loneliness and well-being outcomes; and it significantly and positively predicted psychological wellbeing and subjective well-being. In university students, loneliness, and self–esteem, together, accounted for 38% of the variance in psychological well-being, while subjective well-being was 25%. Researchers can conduct new research to investigate the positive aspects of university students, and psychological counsellors working in schools can work towards strengthening the positive aspects of students.

The Relationship Between Substance Abuse Awareness and Self-Esteem in University Students

Amaç: Bu çalışmada madde bağımlılığına yakalanma açısından risk altında bulunan gençlerin bağımlılık yapıcı maddeler hakkında bilgi ve farkındalık düzeylerini araştırmak ve benlik saygısı ile aralarındaki ilişkiyi belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. &#x0D; Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı nitelikte olan bu araştırma, 280 üniversite öğrencisi ile yapılmıştır. Çalışmada veri toplama aracı olarak Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Madde Bağımlılığı Farkındalık Ölçeği ve Coopersmith Benlik Saygısı Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. &#x0D; Bulgular: Katılımcıların %48,6’sının madde bağımlılığı ile ilgili herhangi bir eğitim almadıkları, %7,9’unun ise daha önce bağımlılık yapıcı madde kullandıkları belirlenmiştir. Madde bağımlılığı farkındalık seviyelerinin kişisel tutum ve görüş alt boyutunun düşük seviyede olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Öğrencilerin benlik saygısı düzeyinin orta düzeyde olduğu ve benlik saygısı ölçeğinden aldıkları toplam puan ortalaması ile madde bağımlılığı farkındalığı arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır. &#x0D; Sonuç: Benlik saygısı yüksek gençler yetişebilmesi açısından birincil koruma sağlanarak benlik saygısı yükseltilebilir ve madde bağımlılığına yönelik eğitimler düzenlenebilir

Effects of the multimodal intervention program including animal-assisted therapy on depression and self-esteem among university students.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of the multimodal group intervention that combined animal-assisted therapy (AAT) and integrated play therapy (IPT) on depression and self-esteem in undergraduate university students. The subjects were 40 students attending animal-related and social welfare departments of universities located in a metropolitan city. The multimodal intervention program was conducted for eight sessions (twice a week, 60 min each) in the experimental group. Data analysis was conducted using the independent sample t-test, ANCOVA, and paired sample t-test for pre- and post-test. Therefore, the multimodal intervention program applying AAT and IPT showed positive effects on depression and self-esteem in university students. Based on these results, this study proposed the operation of multidisciplinary education and practical and policy utilization methods to reduce depression among university students and help improve their self-esteem.

Emotional Intelligence and Prosocial Behavior in College Students: A Moderated Mediation Analysis.

This study examined the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and prosocial behavior (PSB) and constructed a model for their interaction by examining the mediating effect of social support (SS) and the moderating effect of self-esteem (SE) in this relationship. A total of 742 college students aged from 18 to 20 in Northeast China (Mage =19.42 ± 0.53 years) completed a survey measuring the Emotional Intelligence Scale, Prosocial Tendencies Measurement Scale—Chinese Version, Perceived Social Support Scale, and Self-Esteem Scale. The results showed that: (1) EI positively predicted PSB; (2) SS partially mediated the relationship between EI and PSB; and (3) SE moderated the direct effect of EI on PSB and the relationship between SS and PSB. That is, when the SE of college students was higher, the effect of SS in promoting PSB was enhanced. Therefore, our results suggested that under the influence of both internal and external factors, there is an indirect effect of EI on PSB. This finding may potentially provide a theoretical basis for designing college students' mental health courses and cultivating PSB in college.

The Influence of Traumatic Experiences in Childhood and Ego-Resilience on Self-esteem of University Students

본 연구는 대학생의 아동기 외상경험과 자아탄력성 및 자존감 간의 관계를 알아보기 위한 것이다. 경기도에 소재하고 있는 대학교에 재학 중인 학생 393명을 대상으로 자료를 수집하였으며 빈도분석, 상관분석, 단계적 회귀분석, 조절효과 분석을 활용하여 결과를 분석하였다. 상관관계 분석결과, 대학생의 아동기 외상경험과 자아탄력성 및 자존감은 상관관계가 있었다. 아동기 외상경험과 자아탄력성 및 자존감은 부적 상관관계가 있었으며 자아탄력성과 자존감은 정적 상관관계가 있었다. 단계적 회귀분석 결과, 대학생의 자존감에 영향을 미치는 변인은 아동기 외상경험의 하위요인 중 대인관계 관련 외상경험이었으며 자아탄력성의 하위요인 중 긍정적 미래지향성과 감정조절이었다. 조절효과 분석결과, 대학생의 자아탄력성은 아동기 외상경험이 자존감에 미치는 영향에서 조절효과가 없었다. 본 연구결과를 토대로 볼 때, 대학생의 자존감을 높이기 위해서는 아동기 외상경험을 극복하도록 돕는 상담프로그램의 계획과 자아탄력성을 향상시킬 수 있는 프로그램의 개발 및 실행이 필요할 것이다.

Higher emotional investment in social media is related to anxiety and depression in university students

ObjectivesMost studies that have reported the adverse effects of social media (SM) usage on mental health have been conducted on adolescents. Additionally, such studies have used frequency or duration as the only indicator of SM usage. The present study aims to relate SM usage (frequency, duration, and emotional investment) with anxiety, depression, and self-esteem in university students. MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we adapted a non-probability convenience sampling technique. The data from 893 university students was collected through questionnaires, which were developed in Google forms and their links were shared in social media groups. The study tools used were Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Rosenberg self-esteem scale, Social Integration and Emotional Connection subscale of the Social Media Use Integration Scale. We recorded variables for overall SM use (volume and frequency), night-time specific SM usage, emotional investment in SM, anxiety, depression, and self-esteem levels. Based on the scores achieved in SM variables, participants’ data were classified into different quartiles. ResultsWe found a significant positive correlation of emotional investment in SM with anxiety (r = 0.71; p-value < 0.001) and depression (r = 0.72; p-value 0.003). The results of the one-way ANOVA revealed significantly increased anxiety and depression scores (p-value 0.03 and 0.02, respectively) in quartile four versus quartile one. The probability or likelihood of being anxious and depressed significantly increased by factors of 1.76 and 1.48, respectively with per unit increase in emotional investment in SM. ConclusionHigher Emotional Investment in Social Media is related to Anxiety and Depression in University Students. The probability of being anxious and depressed significantly increases with per unit increase in emotional investment in SM.