Self-esteem In Early Adolescence Research Articles

Hubungan Self-Esteem Remaja Awal Dengan Perilaku Kesehatan Gigi dan Mulut (Studi Pada Pelajar SMP di Kecamatan Karangpucung)

Self-esteem was a psychological aspect that not only affects mental heath, but also has an important contribution to physical health. Self-esteem was thought to be an aspect that affects early adolescents during puberty, impact on health behavior, one of them was oral health behavior. The aim of this research to determine the relationship between early adolescent self-esteem and oral health behavior in junior high school students in Karangpucung DistrictThis was an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design. The research sample was 315 junior high school students in Karangpucung District with convenience sampling. Instrument in this study used a Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and oral health behavior questionnaire. The Spearman Rank correlation test used to determine the relationship between early adolescent self-esteem and oral health behavior in junior high school students in Karangpucung District. There was a significant relationship between adolescent self-esteem and oral health behavior toward positive, weak correlation strength (p=0,004, r=0,163). There was a relationship between early adolescent self-esteem and oral health behavior in junior high school students in Karangpucung District, namely students who have high self-esteem characteristics tend to have oral health behavior in the moderate category.

The association between adolescents’ self-esteem and perceived mental well-being in Sweden in four years of follow-up

BackgroundThe situation concerning adolescent mental health is a global public health concern, and the concept includes the ability to cope with problems of everyday life. A person’s approach and attitude towards themselves, i.e., their self-esteem, affects mental health. The study aimed to appraise and deepen the scientific understanding of adolescents’ self-reported self-esteem at age 12−13 from a resource perspective and test its ability to predict subsequent perceived mental well-being at age 17.MethodsData from the Longitudinal Research on Development in Adolescence (LoRDIA) prospective follow-up study of adolescents aged 12−13, and 17 (n = 654) were analysed using ANCOVA. The outcome variable, perceived mental well-being (MWB), covers the aspects of mental well-being inspired by the “Mental Health Continuum,” representing positive mental health. Covariates were self-esteem (SE) and reported initially perceived MWB at age 12−13. Other independent explanatory variables were gender, the family’s economy, and the mother’s educational level.ResultsSelf-esteem appeared relatively stable from 12−13 to 17 years (M = 20.7 SD = 5.8 vs. M = 20.5 SD = 1.7). There was a significant but inverted U – shaped association between SE at age 12–13 and perceived MWB at age 17 [F (1, 646) = 19.02, β-0.057; CI -0.08−-0.03, Eta = 0.03, p = .000]. Intermediate but not strong SE predicted significantly good MWB. When conducting the ANCOVA for boys and girls separately, only the mother’s educational level was significantly positively associated with perceived MWB of girls.ConclusionsGood self-esteem in early adolescence increases the likelihood of an unchanged favourable development of self-esteem and the probability of good perceived mental well-being. SE explained 18 per cent of the variation of MWB, and even more among girls. However, normal SE rather than high SE at 12 and 13 years is predictive of later mental well-being. Girls reported low self-esteem more often. Therefore, supporting self-esteem early in life can promote mental well-being in adolescence.

Development of subjective well-being and its relationship with self-esteem in early adolescence.

Despite evidence indicating that self-esteem (SE) may be considered a precondition to subjective well-being (SWB), there are inconclusive findings regarding its developmental links with SWB. Considering the declines in SWB, the purpose of this study is to examine the developmental changes in SWB and its relationship with SE in early adolescence. The data of 11,231 adolescents aged 11 and 14 years old (50% females) from the Millennium Cohort Study were utilized. Latent mean comparison indicated that SWB declined substantially between 11 and 14 years old in the United Kingdom. Cross-lagged modelling showed that SWB was developmentally unstable and that SE predicted later changes in SWB, whereas SWB did not predict changes in SE. SWB declines in the United Kingdom are mostly linked to less satisfaction with secondary school contexts and peer relationships. In short, SE is an important factor that can contribute to adolescents' SWB. Implications for educational policy and practice are discussed.

Late-onset or chronic overweight/obesity predicts low self-esteem in early adolescence: a longitudinal cohort study

BackgroundHow weight status changes with time may affect self-esteem was seldom studied. We identified the distinct trajectories of overweight/obesity over age and assessed their associations with different domains of self-esteem in Hong Kong Chinese children.MethodsTerritory-wide longitudinal data of 48,558 children (girls: 50.0%; 6.3 ± 0.51 years) studying Primary 1 in the academic cohorts of 1995/96 and 1996/97 followed till Primary 6 were obtained from the Student Health Service of Hong Kong. Weight was annually measured and categorized as underweight/normal and overweight/obese and self-esteem was measured in Primary 6. Distinct trajectories of weight status were first identified using growth mixture modeling and their associations with low self-esteem were assessed by logistic regression.ResultsFour distinct overweight/obesity trajectories were identified: never (76.8%), late-onset (8.1%), early-onset (4.2%) and chronic (10.9%) overweight/obesity. Compared with children who were never overweight/obese, more of those in the late-onset or chronic overweight/obesity group showed low self-esteem and specific domains including general, social and academic/school-related (adjusted odds ratios: 1.20 - 1.43, all P < 0.001) except parent/home-related self-esteem (P = 0.36), whereas children being in the early-onset overweight/obesity group showed no significant difference (P ≥ 0.53) except a lower risk of low social self-esteem (adjusted odds ratio = 0.82, P = 0.03).ConclusionsLate-onset or chronic overweight/obesity predicted low general, social and academic/school-related self-esteem. Children who successfully reduced weight may have equal levels of self-esteem or even better social self-esteem than those being always underweight/normal weight. Overweight/obese children had a vulnerability to self-esteem in non-domestic environments.

Self-criticism and self-esteem in early adolescence: Do they predict depression?

Beck’s theory suggests that forming negative self-cognitions is a key early step in the development of depression. However, others have suggested the reverse, arguing that depression leads to development of negative self-beliefs. As such, there is debate about whether these cognitions are precursors to, or alternatively are caused by, depression. Although Beck’s theory is supported in older adolescents, it has not been clearly seen in younger adolescents. This study aimed to assess the relation between two major self-cognitions (self-esteem and self-criticism) and depressive symptoms in early adolescence. Two-hundred and forty-three Australian adolescents (mean age = 12.08, 52% female) completed measures of self-esteem, self-criticism and depressive symptoms at baseline, then approximately 12- and 24-months later. Growth-curve modelling was used to assess changes in the variables. Cross-lagged analysis assessed whether either of the self-cognition variables predicted depressive symptoms, or if depressive symptoms predicted self-cognitions. Results indicated that self-criticism and depressive symptoms increased over the time period, while self-esteem decreased, and these changes were all related. Self-esteem predicted depressive symptoms from Time 2 to Time 3, while depressive symptoms predicted self-esteem from Time 1 to Time 2. Self-criticism did not predict depressive symptoms, nor did depressive symptoms predict self-criticism. These links appeared largely independent of gender. Self-esteem and depressive symptoms during the early adolescent period thus appear to have a somewhat reciprocal relation, while self-criticism does not appear to predict the development of depression. As such, while low self-esteem does appear to have an important role of in the development of depression in this age group, it is not strictly predictive, nor is this effect seen across all negative self-cognitions.

Predicting global self-esteem in early adolescence: The importance of individual and gender-specific importance of perceived sports competence.

One important issue in exercise psychology is to determine the mechanisms behind the relationship between exercise and self-esteem. This study tested the assumption that the effect of perceived sports competence on early adolescent’s global self-esteem depends on individual and gender-specific importance ratings. A total of 257 adolescents participated in this cross-sectional study, in which they completed paper–pencil questionnaires to measure the perceived sports competence, the importance of sports competence, global physical self-concept, and global self-esteem. Using structural equation modeling procedures, the individual and gender-specific importance hypotheses were tested. Results revealed that the effect of perceived sports competence on global self-esteem is moderated by individual importance. Although boys rated sports as more important than girls, the regression coefficients were not different. In summary, the present study supports an individual, but not a gender-specific, importance hypothesis with regard to the relation

The Effect of Bibliotherapy on the Self Esteem among Early Adolescents

Low self-esteem can result in depression, suicide, anorexia nervosa, juvenile delinquency and, self-adjustment problems Bibliotherapy is one type of therapy that uses the activity of reading literature for therapeutic purpose. Previous literature mentions that this therapy has been helpful to deal with psychological problems. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of bibliotherapy on the self-esteem of early adolescents. Method used A quantitative, pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest approach was conducted. Simple random sampling was used to recruit the participant, and a total of 11 participants were involved in this study. The primary outcome was measured by Coppersmith Self Esteem Inventory (CSEI) instrument. The results of this study show that there is an influence of bibliotherapy on the self-esteem of early adolescents (t value = 0.001, p = 0.05). Conclusions it recommends optimizing the use of storybooks to increase self-esteem in early adolescence.

Daily Affect and Self-Esteem in Early Adolescence: Correlates of Mean Levels and Within-Person Variability.

Emotions and self-esteem are critical components of well-being and adaptation during adolescence. People differ in their average levels of affect and self-esteem, as well as in how much their affect and self-esteem fluctuate from moment to moment. Fluctuations in affect in particular have not been extensively examined in relation to adolescent-relevant variables. The present study investigates internalizing symptoms, social functioning, and overt and relational aggression as correlates of average levels and within-person variability in daily positive and negative affect (PA and NA) and self-esteem. Crucially, unique association were examined controlling for the other variables. Early adolescents (mean age 10.8 years, N = 94) completed daily diaries across four days on PA, NA, and self-esteem. They also completed general questionnaires, as did peers. Some key findings were that more internalizing symptoms were significantly associated with more variability in NA. The importance of peer relationships for adolescents’ daily mean levels of PA and NA were shown. Peer-perceived social functioning was associated with less fluctuations in self-esteem. Some unexpected, non-significant, findings for aggression appeared. Finally, higher mean NA were associated with more NA fluctuations, whereas higher mean PA and self-esteem were associated with less fluctuations.

SELF-ESTEEM REMAJA AWAL: TEMUAN BASELINE DARI RENCANA PROGRAM SELF-INSTRUCTIONAL TRAINING KOMPETENSI DIRI

This research aimed to obtain baseline data as the first stage of preparation of self-instructional training programs as an intervention for early adolescents who had self-esteem problems. The participant in this study was a teenage boy who has a negative self-evaluation related to self-competence at school. The design in this research was single-subject, with A1-A2-A3 design. Measurement of self-esteem in this study was interview techniques on the participant, significant other, and teachers among three different situations. The instrument was developed based on high self-esteem characteristics of Rosenberg and Owens (Guindon, 2010). The results of this study indicated that the boy had low self-esteem related to self-competence and affected to important areas of development such as academic. Based on this study, further researchs was necessary to develope an intervention that solved the problems of self-esteem in early adolescence.

Self-esteem in Early Adolescence as Predictor of Depressive Symptoms in Late Adolescence and Early Adulthood: The Mediating Role of Motivational and Social Factors

Ample research has shown that low self-esteem increases the risk to develop depressive symptoms during adolescence. However, the mechanism underlying this association remains largely unknown, as well as how long adolescents with low self-esteem remain vulnerable to developing depressive symptoms. Insight into this mechanism may not only result in a better theoretical understanding but also provide directions for possible interventions. To address these gaps in knowledge, we investigated whether self-esteem in early adolescence predicted depressive symptoms in late adolescence and early adulthood. Moreover, we investigated a cascading mediational model, in which we focused on factors that are inherently related to self-esteem and the adolescent developmental period: approach and avoidance motivation and the social factors social contact, social problems, and social support. We used data from four waves of the TRAILS study (N = 2228, 51% girls): early adolescence (mean age 11 years), middle adolescence (mean age 14 years), late adolescence (mean age 16 years), and early adulthood (mean age 22 years). Path-analyses showed that low self-esteem is an enduring vulnerability for developing depressive symptoms. Self-esteem in early adolescence predicted depressive symptoms in late adolescence as well as early adulthood. This association was independently mediated by avoidance motivation and social problems, but not by approach motivation. The effect sizes were relatively small, indicating that having low self-esteem is a vulnerability factor, but does not necessarily predispose adolescents to developing depressive symptoms on their way to adulthood. Our study contributes to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying the association between self-esteem and depressive symptoms, and has identified avoidance motivation and social problems as possible targets for intervention.

부모 자녀 의사소통과 자녀의 자아존중감: 순응, 저항, 화응, 무시 의사소통과 의사소통량이 여자 청소년 자녀의 자아존중감에 미치는 영향

부모 자녀 의사소통과 자녀의 자아존중감: 순응, 저항, 화응, 무시 의사소통과 의사소통량이 여자 청소년 자녀의 자아존중감에 미치는 영향

Depression and Self-Esteem in Early Adolescence.

Depression prevalence has increased in the last few decades, affecting younger age groups. The aim of this research was to determine the range of depression and low self-esteem in elementary school children in the city of Split. Testing was carried out at school and the sample comprised 1,549 children (714 boys and 832 girls, aged 13). Two psychological instruments were used: the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (SEI) and the Children and Adolescent Depression Scale (SDD). The average value of scores obtained by SEI test was 17.8 for all tested children. No statistically significant difference was found be-tween boys and girls. It was found that 11.9% of children showed signs of clinically significant depression, and 16.2% showed signs of depression. Statistically significant association between low self-esteem and clinically significant depression was found. No statistically significant difference among boys and girls according to dimension of cognitive depression was found, whereas statistically significant level of emotional depression was higher in girls than boys. It was found that both dimensions of depression decreased proportionally with the increase of SEI test score values: cognitive and emotional dimension of depression. The results of this study show that it is necessary to provide early detection of emotional difficulties in order to prevent serious mental disorders.

Life course body mass index and adolescent self-esteem: Evidence from Hong Kong's "Children of 1997" Birth Cohort.

Self-esteem is an important determinant of adolescent mental health. Prior adiposity may be a factor in the development of self-esteem. However, the association of adiposity with self-esteem is inconsistent, perhaps because adiposity and self-esteem tend to be socially patterned, making it unclear whether observed associations are biologically based or contextually specific. Multivariable partial least squares regression was used to assess the adjusted association of birth weight and childhood body mass index (BMI) z-score at 3 and 9 months and at 3, 7, 9 and 11 years and changes in BMI z-score with self-esteem at ∼11 years, assessed from the self-reported Culture Free Self-Esteem Inventory in a population-representative Chinese birth cohort, which has little social patterning of adiposity. Whether the associations varied by sex also was assessed. Self-esteem score was available for 6,520 girls and boys (78.5% follow-up). Birth weight z-score, BMI z-scores at 3 and 9 months and at 3, 7, 9, and 11 years, and successive BMI z-score changes had little association with self-esteem at ∼11 years, adjusted for socio-economic position. In a developed, non-Western setting, life course BMI does not appear to be a factor in the development of self-esteem in early adolescence, suggesting that observed associations to date may be contextually specific rather than biologically based.

Do Depressive Symptoms Erode Self-esteem in Early Adolescence?

We hypothesized that in early—but not mid or late—adolescence, self-esteem is malleable (i.e., rank-order instable) and is particularly susceptible to the effect of depressive symptoms. Results of a latent variable, cross-lagged, structural equation modeling analysis of data from the first two waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health; N = 4520) were consistent with the two hypotheses. Findings highlight the need to utilize a developmental framework when examining the effect of depression on self-esteem, and allude to the potentially deleterious effect of depression vis-à-vis self-development during early adolescence.

Extending the Life-Course Interdependence Model

Few studies exploring the association between adolescent self-esteem and crime have considered whether the early adolescent self-esteem has any enduring consequences for young adult crime. Inspired by the life course and developmental criminology approaches, Arnett’s notion of emerging adulthood, and Kaplan’s self-derogation theory, this article examines whether self-derogation predicts young adult crime, controlling for early adolescent behaviors and more temporally proximate risk and protective factors. In addition, the article examines whether the strength of the ties to college and work exhibit interdependence with early self-derogation and young adolescent crime in predicting young adult crime. Using longitudinal data from a sample of males living in Miami-Dade County, the article finds that self-derogation predicts young adult crime. Furthermore, the authors find that early self-derogation exhibits interdependence with the bond to college, consistent with Wright, Caspi, Moffitt, and Silva’s social protection hypothesis, and that youth crime exhibits interdependence with the bond to work in young adulthood.

Perceived academic performance and alcohol, tobacco and marijuana use: Longitudinal relationships in young community adolescents

Objective To study longitudinal relationships between perception of academic performance (PAP) and alcohol, tobacco and marijuana use at age 13 and 15 years. Method Self-report data from students in 27 schools in South Australia ( n = 1579) was analysed with ANCOVA and logistic regression, controlling for confounding factors (socio-demographic, parenting, depressive symptoms, anxiety, self-esteem, antisocial behaviour). Results Persistent or increasing perception of academic ‘failure’ (self-rated failing or below average performance), compared to improving or stable perception of average (or above) performance, from age 13 to 15 years, predicts more than weekly alcohol and tobacco use at age 15 (3- to 4-fold risks), in addition to increased risks from early substance use (e.g., 12- to 15-fold for triple combinations), controlling for confounders. Increased risks for more than weekly marijuana use at age 15 are 3-fold in those with increasing perception of failure; though relationships are fully mediated by antisocial behaviour in those with persistent perceptions of failure. Conclusion Interventions to maintain or improve academic self-esteem in early adolescence may reduce risks for accelerating substance use in mid-adolescence.

Developmental trajectories and ecological transitions: A two-step procedure to aid in the choice of prevention and promotion interventions

The confluence of two different types of transitional processes is explored: human development and normative ecological transitions. There are periods of greater vulnerability than others in the developmental life course as well as particular normative ecological transitions that are more disruptive than others. When there is a confluence of developmental vulnerability and a disruptive ecological transition, a "turning point" in development may ensue. This can take the form of an opportunity for growth and development or a developmental mismatch. Consequently, such turning points may represent opportune times and places at which to launch prevention/promotion programs. A two-step analytic procedure, nomothetic analyses followed by idiographic analyses, is described and illustrated to test the utility of this framework. First, these issues are illustrated using the self-esteem trajectories of low-income, urban public school students making a normative school transition to a junior and senior high school. Second, new data are presented on the early adolescent self-esteem trajectories and their association with long-term psychopathology. Third, the significance of this two-step procedure is discussed in regard to several normative ecological transitions that are common when older adolescents make the developmental transition into adulthood (e.g., into full-time employment, marriage).

Self-Esteem in Early Adolescence Revisited:

In Part 1 of this two-part special issue, a general conceptual model of early adolescent self-esteem was presented. Findings from several empirical studies illustrated differing aspects of the model. The articles included in Part II of the special issue address further significant concerns, including the need to examine self-esteem in the context of other relevant aspects of early adolescent development (e.g., pubertal status) and its reciprocal relation over time to indicators of adjustment (e.g., problem behavior). Implications of theory and research for esteem enhancement in social-community interventions with young adolescents also are considered. It is noteworthy, however, that certain types of research were underrepresented in submissions to the special issue. These include investigations using qualitative sources of data and cross-cultural studies. Both types of research present many possibilities for enhancing understanding of early adolescent self-esteem. The special issue concludes with a commentary that critically evaluates future directions for the field.

Self-Esteem in Early Adolescence:

Self-esteem has been included frequently in theory and research on early adolescence; this consideration, however, has lacked depth and complexity. Most investigations have presented the self-esteem of young adolescents as global and undifferentiated, and as having linkages with their development that are unidirectional, independent of other sources of influence, and uniformly positive with regard to implications for adjustment. By contrast, there is a growing literature to support a view of early adolescent self-esteem as multidimensional in structure, influenced by a complex, interdependent array of individual and contextual factors, and linked bidirectionally to adjustment outcomes in ways that can both promote and hinder overall development. Part I of this special issue of the journal extends this emerging knowledge base, particularly with respect to the formative role of the developing self-system and socioenvironmental context. Self-esteem in relation to adjustment, developmental status, and social-community interventions will be considered in a forthcoming second part of the special issue.

Relations of Friendship Quality to Self-Esteem in Early Adolescence

The major goal of the study was to examine the relations of friendship quality to adolescent self-esteem over time. Seventh and eighth graders (n = 297) completed the same questionnaire in the fall and spring of a school year. Students whose friendships were supportive in the fall felt less satisfied with their own appearance during the year, when their friendships mostly were unstable. As expected, students who had many negative interactions with friends in the fall viewed their own conduct as less appropriate during the year Students who frequently interacted with friends in the fall, when all of their fall friendships were unstable, also became less satisfied with their own appearance over time. The results indicated that the quality and stability of adolescents' friendships not only are related to their self-esteem, but also are related to the changes over time in specific areas of self-esteem.