Physical Activity Self-Efficacy Scale Research Articles

How breaking a sweat affects mood: The mediating role of self-efficacy between physical exercise and emotion regulation ability.

This study investigates the association between physical exercise and emotion regulation abilities among college students, introducing self-efficacy as a mediating variable to analyze the pathway mechanism through which physical exercise affects emotion regulation abilities. A cross-sectional study design was employed, utilizing a stratified random sampling method to survey three colleges in Jiangsu Province, China. Physical Activity Rating Scale, Physical Activity Self-efficacy Scale, and Emotional Intelligence Scale were used to measure the college student population. Regression analysis and mediation tests assessed whether self-efficacy mediates the relationship between physical exercise and college students' emotion regulation abilities. A total of 5,430 valid questionnaires were collected. The distribution of college students' physical activities was 77.0% for low, 13.1% for medium, and 9.3% for high levels. Physical activities were significantly and positively correlated with self-efficacy and emotional management abilities (r = 0.298,0.105;P<0.01), and self-efficacy was significantly and positively correlated with emotional management abilities (r = 0.322, P<0.01). Situational motivation and subjective support under self-efficacy were 0.08 and 0.255, respectively, and the adjusted R2 was 0.107. Self-efficacy played a fully mediating role between physical activities and emotional management abilities, with a total effect value of 0.032. The values of the direct and indirect effects were 0.003 and 0.029, accounting for 8.95% and 90.74% of the total effect, respectively. The physical exercise behavior of college students is primarily characterized by low intensity. Physical exercise among college students can positively predict their ability to regulate emotions. Self-efficacy fully mediates the relationship between physical exercise and emotion regulation ability among college students. College students can indirectly influence their ability to regulate emotions through physical exercise and self-efficacy.

The relationships between emerging adults self-efficacy and motivation levels and physical activity: a cross-sectional study based on the self-determination theory.

The study aims to examine the associations between exercise self-efficacy, motivation, physical activity, and body composition among emerging adults. Cross-sectional. A convenience sample of 147 emerging adults participated in the Releasing Weight (RELEW) project. The InBody720 analyzer was used to measure body composition, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short, the Shortened Physical Activity Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire were used to measure self-reported physical activity, self-efficacy, and motivation. Structural Equation Modeling was used to exam the complex relationships among multiple variables. in this study. The Partial least squares structural equation modeling analysis with bootstrapping in Smart PLS 3 was employed to explore the path coefficients and t-values for the relationships that were thought to exist. Significance was determined using a threshold of p < 0.05. The mean age of 147 participants was 18.5 ± 1.87, of whom 51.7% were female, recruited for this study. Exercise self-efficacy has a significant positive correlation with exercise motivation (r = 0.220, p = 0.008) and physical activity (r = 0.279, p < 0.001). Exercise motivation does not demonstrate significant associations with physical activity (r = 0.094, p = 0.298). Utilizing SEM, the model explained 9.2% of exercise self-efficacy, 11.8% of physical activity, and 68.3% of body composition variance. Mediation analysis revealed that exercise self-efficacy partially mediated the relationship between exercise motivation and physical activity (β = 0.106, t = 2.538, p < 0.05), and physical activity partially mediated the relationship between exercise self-efficacy and body composition (β = -0.296, t = 4.280, p < 0.001). This study sheds light on the complex relationships among motivation, self-efficacy, physical activity and body composition during emerging adulthood. Our results highlight the mediating role of self-efficacy and its impact on physical activity behaviors, offering valuable insights for targeted interventions and policy development to improve health outcomes in this demographic.

Assisted reproductive technology and physical activity among Chinese pregnant women at high risk for gestational diabetes mellitus in early pregnancy: A cross-sectional study.

Currently, the number of pregnant women at high risk for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and using assisted reproductive technology (ART) is increasing. The present study aims to explore the relationship between ART and physical activity in Chinese pregnant women at high risk for GDM in early pregnancy. A cross-sectional study was conducted in a regional teaching hospital in Guangzhou, China, between July 2022 and March 2023. Three hundred fifty-five pregnant women at high risk for GDM in early pregnancy completed the Chinese version of the Pregnant Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ), the Pregnancy Physical Activity Knowledge Scale, the Pregnancy Physical Activity Self-Efficacy Scale, the Pregnancy Physical Activity Social Support Scale, and a sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics data sheet. Compared to women who conceived naturally, women who used ART were more likely to be 35 years or older, unemployed, primigravidae, and to have intentionally planned their pregnancies. Women who used ART had significantly lower levels of physical activity and self-efficacy compared to their counterparts who conceived naturally. Over half (55.6%) of women who used ART reported being physically inactive, and those with lower self-efficacy, as well as the unemployed, were significantly more likely to be inactive. Physical inactivity is a critical clinical issue among women who use ART, especially in the context of GDM risk. Future research should develop and test physical activity programs, including enhancing physical activity self-efficacy for women who use ART. Patient or public contribution: In this study, survey questionnaires were completed by participants among Chinese pregnant women at high risk for GDM in early pregnancy.

The Mediating Role of Physical Activity Self-Efficacy in Predicting Moderate-Intensity Physical Activity in Pregnant People at High Risk for Gestational Diabetes.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common medical complication in pregnancy. Moderate-intensity physical activity during pregnancy can lower the risk of GDM. However, the relationship between moderate-intensity physical activity and correlated factors among pregnant people at high risk for GDM remains unknown. A cross-sectional study was conducted in China. Two hundred fifty-two participants completed the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire, Pregnancy Physical Activity Self-Efficacy Scale, Physical Activity Knowledge Questionnaire, Physical Activity Social Support Scale, 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, and a sociodemographic data sheet. Structural equation modeling was used to explore the direct and indirect associations between the study variables. A total of 51.6% of the participants did not meet the current physical activity guidelines. Only physical activity self-efficacy was significantly correlated with moderate-intensity physical activity. Physical activity self-efficacy mediated the relationship between moderate-intensity physical activity and knowledge of physical activity, social support for physical activity, and anxiety symptoms. Furthermore, knowledge of physical activity was also associated with improved moderate-intensity physical activity mediated by reduced anxiety symptoms and increased physical activity self-efficacy. Our study revealed a high prevalence of not meeting current physical activity guidelines among pregnant people at high risk for GDM. Physical activity self-efficacy played an important mediating role in predicting moderate-intensity physical activity. Future studies should focus on enhancing self-efficacy to improve moderate-intensity physical activity for pregnant people at high risk for GDM.

The effectiveness of a nurse-led health development programme on fourth-grade school-age children in North Cyprus: A randomised-controlled trial

Objective: This study sought to analyse the effectiveness of a nurse-led health development programme for school-aged children in North Cyprus. Design: This study utilised a randomised-controlled experimental research design. Setting: The study was conducted on fourth-grade students in two primary schools. Method: Participants in the intervention group received a 12-week online health education course. Students in both the control ( n = 38) and intervention ( n = 38) groups completed the Food Behaviour Scale, the Children Health Perceptions and Behaviours Scale, and the Physical Activity Self-Efficacy Scale pre-intervention, at the end of intervention and 3 months post-intervention. Results: Post-test scores for the intervention group on the Food Behaviour Scale, Children Health Perceptions and Behaviours Scale, and Physical Activity Self-Efficacy Scale were significantly higher than their pre-test scores. In contrast, the control group exhibited no statistically significant difference between the pre- and post-test scores on the three scales. Conclusion: The findings suggest that a nurse-led health education programme had a positive effect on food behaviour, physical activity self-efficacy, and health perception and behaviours among school-age children.

Psychometric properties of the Barriers Self-Efficacy Scale for Physical Activity–Korean

This study examined the psychometric properties of the Barriers Self-Efficacy Scale-Physical Activity for Korean-speaking adults with osteoarthritis at risk for metabolic syndrome (N = 150). Factor analysis identified three dimensions of the Korean Barriers scale, explaining 65.9 % of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the structural validity adequately fits the data. Construct validity confirmed significant associations between the amount of physical activity and psychological variables. The test-retest reliability was 0.87; the alpha was 0.90. The standardized response mean (0.497) indicated responsiveness to medium-magnitude change. The Korean Barriers scale can assess self-efficacy to engage in regular physical activity in clinical settings.

Physical literacy in children: Exploring the construct validity of a multidimensional physical literacy construct

Physical literacy (PL) is highlighted as a construct that can positively impact physical activity (PA). Measurement methods and definitions for PL exist, but vary between research groups. This variation affects the ability to compare research findings. The purpose of this study was to assess the construct validity of PL in children. PL was operationalised according to Whitehead’s (2001 ) definition, comprising confidence, motivation, physical competence, and knowledge and understanding. Participants ( n = 1073; mean age 10.86 ± 1.20 years: 53% male) were measured on: (i) confidence (Physical Activity Self-Efficacy Scale; Bartholomew et al., 2006 ), (ii) motivation (Behavioural Regulation in Exercise-Adapted; Sebire et al., 2013 ), (iii) physical competence (health-related fitness: 20 m shuttle run, back-saver sit-and-reach, handgrip strength, plank); balance (Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency 2; Bruininks, 2005 ); object-control and locomotor skills (Test of Gross Motor Development-3rd edition (TGMD-3); Ulrich, 2016 ); and (iv) knowledge and understanding (PA and sedentary guidelines). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to analyse the factor structure of PL. The best-fitting model (χ2 = 209.8, df = 99, p &lt; 0.001; comparative fit index = 0.95, normed fit index = 0.91, Tucker–Lewis index = 0.93, root mean square error of approximation = 0.032, 95% confidence interval: 0.026–0.038) was a three-component model containing the domains of motivation, confidence, and physical competence. The knowledge and understanding domain did not fit the model well. Factor loadings were highest for confidence and motivation. Findings support the adoption of a pragmatic approach to PL measurement. CFA results indicated a similar factor structure as has been identified in other studies which have used different tools to measure PL domains.

Effect of an educational program on physical activity in individuals undergoing their first percutaneous coronary intervention: A randomized clinical trial

BackgroundEducational programs designed for specific populations to improve regular physical activity need to be tested. ObjectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness of an educational program, when compared to usual care, on improving physical activity 5 to 7 months after hospital discharge in adult patients undergoing their first percutaneous coronary intervention. MethodsRandomized controlled trial with two groups: usual care (n = 56) and educational program (n = 53) interventions. Data on sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were collected and the Baecke-Habitual Physical Activity Questionnaire, Self-efficacy Scale for Physical Activity, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were administered at baseline and follow-up. Participants in the educational program received an intervention based on Social Cognitive Theory, focused on physical activity, followed by three telephone calls. The usual care group received the hospital routine information. Unadjusted and adjusted differences between the two groups in mean score changes (with 95% confidence intervals [CI]) were calculated for all outcomes. ResultsAt follow-up, the educational program group showed higher mean ± standard deviation scores than the usual care group for practice of physical activity (7.94 ± 1.84 vs. 6.90 ± 1.89) and for self-efficacy (3.98 ± 3.75 vs. 2.52 ± 3.12). Adjusting for baseline outcome, the difference in mean change between groups was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.32, 1.46) for physical activity and 2.30 (95% CI: 1.12, 3.49) for self-efficacy. There were no statistical differences between groups in symptoms of anxiety and depression. ConclusionThe educational program may be an effective intervention in increasing habitual physical activity and self-efficacy for physical activity in individuals with coronary artery disease.

Measurement of Physical Activity Self-Efficacy in Adults With Obesity: A Latent Variable Approach to Explore Dimensionality, Temporal Invariance, and External Validity.

The objective of this study was to improve the measurement of physical activity self-efficacy (PASE) in adults with obesity. To accomplish this objective, a latent variable approach was used to explore dimensionality, temporal invariance, and external validity of responses to a newly developed battery of PASE scales. Data (Nbaseline = 461 and N30 days postbaseline = 427) from the Well-Being and Physical Activity Study (ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT03194854), which deployed the Fun For Wellness intervention, were analyzed. A two-dimensional factor structure explained responses to each PASE scale at baseline. There was strong evidence for at least partial temporal measurement invariance for this two-dimensional structure in each PASE scale. There was mixed evidence that the effectiveness of the Fun For Wellness intervention exerted a direct effect on latent PASE in adults with obesity at 30days postbaseline (i.e.,external validity) of this two-dimensional structure.

Assessing Self-Efficacy for Physical Activity and Walking Exercise in Women with Fibromyalgia

BackgroundExercise and physical activity are an evidence-based practice for chronic pain. Health professionals need instruments to assess self-efficacy for this practice taking into account the specific barriers of patients with these health problems. PurposeTo develop and test the psychometric properties of a new self-efficacy scale for physical activity and walking exercise in patients with fibromyalgia. DesignA cross-sectional and prospective study was conducted in a Spanish Fibromyalgia Unit. Two hundred and eleven new patients signed the informed consent and participated in the study. All of them were women, referred to by either Primary or Specialized Health Care. In addition to the new scale, they filled out several self-reported and validated instruments to collect the data present in this study. ResultsExploratory factor analysis showed a three-factor model (GFI = .99; RMSR = .06) that explained 74.2% of the total variance. They assessed how confident patients felt about walking quickly in both 30- and 60-minute sessions, (Factor I: 10 items; α = .97), to perform daily physical activities (Factor II: 10 items; α = .93) and to undertake moderate physical activity (Factor III: 5 items; α = .95). The total score of the scale and the three-factor scores showed good criterion validity and adequate validity based on the relationships with other constructs. ConclusionsThe scale showed adequate psychometric properties and can be a useful tool to help health professionals monitor patients’ self-efficacy perception and customize both physical activity and walking exercise intervention goals and their implementation.

A randomized controlled trial investigating effects of an individualized pedometer driven walking program on chronic low back pain

BackgroundWalking is an easily prescribed physical activity for people with low back pain (LBP). However, the evidence for its effectiveness to improve pain and disability levels for people with chronic low back pain (CLBP) within a community setting has not been evaluated. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a clinician guided, pedometer-driven, walking intervention for increasing physical activity and improving clinical outcomes compared to education and advice.MethodsRandomized controlled trial recruiting N = 174 adults with CLBP. Participants were randomly allocated into either a standardized care group (SG) or pedometer based walking group (WG) using minimization allocation with a 2:1 ratio to the WG. Prior to randomization all participants were given a standard package of education and advice regarding self-management and the benefits of staying active. Following randomization the WG undertook a physiotherapist guided pedometer-driven walking program for 12 weeks. This was individually tailored by weekly negotiation of daily step targets. Main outcome was the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) recorded at baseline, 12 weeks, 6 and 12 months. Other outcomes included, numeric pain rating, International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ), Back Beliefs questionnaire (BBQ), Physical Activity Self-efficacy Scale, and EQ-5D-5L quality of life estimate.ResultsN = 138 (79%) participants completed all outcome measures at 12 weeks reducing to N = 96 (55%) at 12 months. Both observed and intention to treat analysis did not show any statistically significant difference in ODI change score between the WG and the SG at all post-intervention time points. There were also no significant between group differences for change scores in all secondary outcome measures. Post hoc sensitivity analyses revealed moderately disabled participants (baseline ODI ≥ 21.0) demonstrated a greater reduction in mean ODI scores at 12 months in the WG compared to SG, while WG participants with a daily baseline step count < 7500 steps demonstrated a greater reduction in mean ODI scores at 12 weeks.ConclusionsOverall, we found no significant difference in change of levels of (ODI) disability between the SG and WG following the walking intervention. However, ODI responses to a walking program for those with moderate levels of baseline disability and those with low baseline step count offer a potential future focus for continued research into the benefit of walking as a management strategy for chronic LBP.Trial registrationUnited States National Institutes of Health Clinical Trails registry (http://ClinicalTrials.gov/) No. NCT02284958 (27/10/2014).

Motivation and Commitment to Sports Practice During the Lockdown Caused by Covid-19.

In Spain, the state of alarm declared on March 14, 2020 caused changes in the population in relation to the habits of physical activity and sports practice. This study analyzed what motivational variables predicted the self-efficacy and commitment to sports practice, as well as the differences according to gender, during lockdown and the progressive de-escalation caused by COVID-19, using the theory of self-determination as a theoretical framework. The study sample was conformed of 179 subjects (90 men and 89 women) between 18 and 65 years of age (M = 28.64; SD = 10.28). The Behavioral Regulation in Sport Questionnaire (BRSQ), the Psychological Need Satisfaction in Exercise Scale (PNSE), the Physical Activity Self-Efficacy scale, and the Sport Commitment scale were applied. The most relevant results have showed significant differences in favor of the male gender in terms of levels of controlled motivation and amotivation, as well as higher levels of self-efficacy and basic psychological need of autonomy. Furthermore, the regression analysis has revealed that self-efficacy and current commitment to sports practice were explained by a variance of 57 and 64%, respectively, due to autonomous motivation and the basic psychological need of competence. Therefore, the basic psychological need of competence should be fostered in order to increase the levels of self-determined motivation, self-efficacy, and commitment to sports practice of the population.

The Turkish Validity and Reliability of The Physical Activity Self-efficacy Scale For Children

The Turkish Validity and Reliability of The Physical Activity Self-efficacy Scale For Children

Multi-level validation of the German physical activity self-efficacy scale in a sample of female sixth-graders

BackgroundThe majority of children and adolescents are insufficiently physically active. Self-efficacy is considered one of the most important determinants of physical activity (PA). The purpose of this study was to validate the German version of the physical activity self-efficacy scale by means of a multi-level approach. Factorial validity, internal consistency and criterion validity were examined for the individual and the class level.MethodsThe final sample comprised 454 female sixth-graders of 33 classes. To examine the factorial validity of the translated 8-item scale, a multi-level confirmatory factor analysis was conducted with the lavaan package in R. Internal consistency was estimated with the alpha function of the psych package. Criterion validity was examined by correlating self-efficacy with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) assessed with accelerometers.ResultsIn contrast to previous validation studies, a unidimensional structure of the scale was not supported. Instead, two highly correlated (rindividual = .87; rclass = .69) but distinct latent factors, representing PA self-efficacy and social support from family and friends, were differentiated on both the individual and class level. The best overall fit exhibited a multi-level 1 × 1-model, including only the six items measuring PA self-efficacy (χ2 = 32.10, CFI = .986, TLI = .976, RMSEA = .059, SRMR = .035). Internal consistencies for the complete 8-item scale and the 6-item scale were good on the individual level and excellent on the class level. For the two items measuring social support, Cronbach’s alpha was low on the individual and excellent on the class level. Weak relations between self-efficacy and MVPA were found for the individual level, strong associations were found for the class level.ConclusionsThe validation speaks for the use of the abridged 6-item scale, which allows for a unidimensional assessment of PA self-efficacy. Generally, the results support the relevance of a multi-level approach, which not only differentiates between self-efficacy on the individual level and on the class level but also between the respective implications regarding reliability and criterion validity on both levels. Thereby, this study offers a rigorously validated scale and further illustrates possible consequences of the usual neglect of group-level variance in scale validation.

Movement competence: Association with physical self-efficacy and physical activity

BackgroundThe purpose of this paper was to investigate whether physical self-efficacy mediates the relationship between movement competence (fundamental movement skills and perceived movement skill competence) and physical activity in children. MethodsA purposive sample of 860 children (47.7% female, 10.9 ± 1.16 years) were recruited and completed assessments for physical self-efficacy (Physical Activity Self-Efficacy Scale), fundamental movement skills (Test of Gross Motor Development-3), perceived movement skill competence (Pictorial Scale of Perceived Movement Skill Competence), and physical activity (PACE+). A bootstrap mediation analysis was employed using movement competence as the predictor variable and physical activity as the outcome variable, and physical self-efficacy as the potential mediator of the relationship. ResultsThe results from a bootstrap mediation analysis yielded a statistically significant mediation effect for physical self-efficacy, with the entire model explaining approximately 10.3% of the variance of physical activity. The indirect effect of perceived movement skill competence through physical self-efficacy was significantly larger than the indirect effect of fundamental movement skills through physical self-efficacy. Neither sex nor age acted as a covariate. ConclusionMovement competence (fundamental movement skills and perceived movement skill competence) acts as a source of information for children's physical self-efficacy, moreover physical self-efficacy mediates the movement competence – PA relationship. Findings highlight the need for interventions to target and improve movement competence as a whole for children.

Overcoming Fitness, Symptom, And Behavior Barriers After A Physical Activity Intervention With Fitness Graded Motion Exergames (PAfitME) Among Head And Neck Cancer Patients

PURPOSE: Routinely engaging physical activity (PA) leads to better health outcomes in cancer survivors. Over 50% of head and neck cancer (HNC) survivors rarely engage in any type of PA because of the barriers of impaired fitness, severe symptoms, and poor self-efficacy (SE). A personalized telehealth Physical Activity intervention with fitness graded Motion Exergames (PAfitME) was designed to overcome these barriers. In our pilot study, we found the HNC patients fully adhered with the personalized exergame prescription in the 6-week PAfitME intervention. The purpose of this study was to examine changes in barriers: fitness (gait speed), symptoms, and SE among HNC patients participating in the PAfitME intervention. METHODS: A pre/post-test design was used to test the 6-week PAfitME intervention. Personalized exergame prescriptions were developed and progressed based on the social cognitive theory and exercise principal of adaptation. Fitness was measured by preferred gait speed (m/s). Symptom data were collected via the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory, Brief Pain Inventory, Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index, General Anxiety Disorder scale, and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. SE was measured by the PA Self-Efficacy scale (0-100%). Descriptive statistics and paired t tests were applied. RESULTS: A total of 10 HNC participants were recruited. Two participants dropped out due to recurrence. The mean age was 58.2 years old (n=8). Seven (88%) were male. Three (38%) had oral cancer and 5 (63%) had laryngeal cancer. Three (38%) had a feeding tube and 2 (25%) had a tracheostomy. Four (50%) had stage III/IV cancer. Mean gait speed improvement was clinically significant (0.11m/s). There were positive improvements in 17 of 20 symptoms with significant decreases in pain (t=2.34, p=0.05), in fatigue (t=3.64, p=0.008) and in difficulty with voice/speech (t=2.35, p=0.05). Seven participants (88%) had 100% SE to do their personalized exergame prescription in the post test. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows HNC participants overcame their PA barriers after the PAfitME intervention. It also supports the need for a larger randomized clinical trial for efficacy testing. The positive impact from PAfitME will shift PA interventions from a standardized protocol to a personalized, behavioral telehealth approach.

Feasibility of the InPACT Intervention to Enhance Movement and Learning in the Classroom

ABSTRACT Purpose The purpose of this study was to test the feasibility of implementing ten 3-min moderate to vigorous physical activity breaks in the classroom. Methods Twenty third- through sixth-grade classrooms (approximately 500 students) in three schools across southeast Michigan: one suburban (90% white; 25% qualified for free/reduced lunch [FRL]), one rural (90% white; 50% FRL) and one urban (59% black; 74% FRL), participated in this 16-wk intervention. Before the start of the intervention, participating teachers were trained during a 2-d school-based in-service. Direct observation was used to assess 1) intervention fidelity, 2) exercise intensity of activity breaks (AB), 3) duration of AB, 4) transition time to start an AB, and 5) students returning to task post-AB. Postintervention, teachers completed surveys to document the number of AB per day to comment on the feasibility of the intervention. Students completed the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale questionnaire and answered a single-item question from the Physical Activity Self-Efficacy Scale to assess AB enjoyment and confidence, respectively. Results On average, teachers implemented five AB per day (average duration: 202 s) with approximately 85% of students and 75% of teachers exercising at a moderate to vigorous intensity during a given AB; approximately 99% of students returned to a teacher-assigned task within 30 s of completing the break. Students reported high levels of AB enjoyment and confidence. Conclusions These preliminary findings suggest that ten 3-min AB are not feasible for a classroom setting because teachers on average implemented only five AB. Nevertheless, children accumulated over 16 min of activity in the classroom, most of which were moderate to vigorous physical activity minutes enabling teachers to provide approximately half of the school-based recommendations for physical activity in their classrooms.

大学生体育锻炼自我效能感量表的编制

大学生体育锻炼自我效能感量表的编制

Comparing the Psychometric Properties of Two Physical Activity Self-Efficacy Instruments in Urban, Adolescent Girls: Validity, Measurement Invariance, and Reliability.

Aims: This study compared the psychometric properties of two self-efficacy instruments related to physical activity. Factorial validity, cross-group and longitudinal invariance, and composite reliability were examined.Methods: Secondary analysis was conducted on data from a group randomized controlled trial investigating the effect of a 17-week intervention on increasing moderate to vigorous physical activity among 5th–8th grade girls (N = 1,012). Participants completed a 6-item Physical Activity Self-Efficacy Scale (PASE) and a 7-item Self-Efficacy for Exercise Behaviors Scale (SEEB) at baseline and post-intervention. Confirmatory factor analyses for intervention and control groups were conducted with Mplus Version 7.4 using robust weighted least squares estimation. Model fit was evaluated with the chi-square index, comparative fit index, and root mean square error of approximation. Composite reliability for latent factors with ordinal indicators was computed from Mplus output using SAS 9.3.Results: Mean age of the girls was 12.2 years (SD = 0.96). One-third of the girls were obese. Girls represented a diverse sample with over 50% indicating black race and an additional 19% identifying as mixed or other race. Both instruments demonstrated configural invariance for simultaneous analysis of cross-group and longitudinal invariance based on alternative fit indices. However, simultaneous metric invariance was not met for the PASE or the SEEB instruments. Partial metric invariance for the simultaneous analysis was achieved for the PASE with one factor loading identified as non-invariant. Partial metric invariance was not met for the SEEB. Longitudinal scalar invariance was achieved for both instruments in the control group but not the intervention group. Composite reliability for the PASE ranged from 0.772 to 0.842. Reliability for the SEEB ranged from 0.719 to 0.800 indicating higher reliability for the PASE. Reliability was more stable over time in the control group for both instruments.Conclusions: Results suggest that the intervention influenced how girls responded to indicator items. Neither of the instruments achieved simultaneous metric invariance making it difficult to assess mean differences in PA self-efficacy between groups.

Measurement invariance and latent mean differences of the Chinese version physical activity self-efficacy scale across gender and education levels

BackgroundSelf-efficacy has been identified as an important determinant of youth's behavior change including physical activity (PA) participation. However, the dimensionality check of a PA self-efficacy scale has rarely been conducted in China. The current study aims to examine (1) the unidimensionality of a shortened Chinese version of PA self-efficacy scale (S-PASESC); (2) the measurement invariance of S-PASESC across gender and levels of education; (3) the latent factor mean difference between gender and levels of education; (4) the direct effects of self-efficacy on PA by different gender and education levels; and (5) the comparisons of the direct effects of self-efficacy on PA across gender and education levels. MethodsThe participants were 5th through 11th grade public school students recruited from 7 cities located in different geographic regions of China. The final data include a total of 3003 participants (49.7% boys) who have completed the scales. ResultsConfirmatory factor analysis (CFA) test supported the unidimensionality of S-PASESC. The S-PASESC is invariant across gender and 3 levels of education at both configural, full metric, and full scalar levels. Findings from latent mean comparisons showed that boys reported higher PA self-efficacy than girls. Students' perceived PA self-efficacy tend to decrease from elementary to high school. Finally, self-efficacy positively related to PA by groups of different gender and education levels and the relationship between self-efficacy and PA is stronger among middle school boys than girls. ConclusionFindings suggest S-PASESC is a valid scale for measuring Chinese students' PA self-efficacy.