Self-efficacy For Exercise Behavior Research Articles

The roles of self-efficacy and motivation in the prediction of short- and long-term adherence to exercise among patients with coronary heart disease.

Poor adherence to regular exercise is a documented challenge among people with heart disease. Identifying key determinants of exercise adherence and distinguishing between the processes driving short- and long-term adherence to regular exercise is a valuable endeavor. The purpose of the present study was to test a model of exercise behavior change, which incorporates motivational orientations and self-efficacy for exercise behavior, in the prediction of short- and long-term exercise adherence. Male and female patients (N = 801) hospitalized for coronary heart disease were recruited from 3 tertiary care cardiac centers and followed for a period of 1 year after hospital discharge. A prospective, longitudinal design was used to examine the roles of motivation and self-efficacy (measured at recruitment and at 2 and 6 months after discharge) in the prediction of exercise behavior at 6 and 12 months. Baseline measures of exercise and clinical and demographic covariates were included in the analyses. Structural equation modeling showed that both autonomous motivation and self-efficacy were important determinants of short-term (6-month) exercise behavior regulation, but that only autonomous motivation remained a significant predictor of long-term (12-month) exercise behavior. Self-efficacy partially mediated the relationship between motivation for exercise and 6-month exercise behavior. This research confirmed the roles of autonomous motivation and self-efficacy in the health behavior change process and emphasized the key function of autonomous motivation in exercise maintenance. Theoretical and cardiac rehabilitation program applications of this research are discussed.

Promoting Exercise Behavior among Chinese Youth with Hearing Loss: A Randomized Controlled Trial Based on the Transtheoretical Model

The transtheoretical model proposes that behavior change is experienced as a series of stages. Interventions tailored to these stages are most likely to be effective in progressing people through the model's hypothesized behavior change continuum. In this study, a stage-tailored, 12-week, exercise behavior intervention based on the transtheoretical model was conducted among a sample of 150 Chinese youth with hearing loss. Participants were randomized into an intervention or control group with all the core transtheoretical model constructs assessed pre- and post-intervention. Participants in the intervention group showed greater advances in their stage of exercise behavior change, decisional balance, and processes of change use compared to those in the control group. The intervention, however, was insufficient for increasing participants' self-efficacy for exercise behavior. The findings partially support the utility of the theory-based intervention for improving the exercise behavior of Chinese youth with hearing loss, while simultaneously helping to identify areas in need of improvement for future applications.

Item-Response-Theory Analysis of Two Scales for Self-Efficacy for Exercise Behavior in People With Arthritis

Benefits of physical activity for those with arthritis are clear, yet physical activity is difficult to initiate and maintain. Self-efficacy is a key modifiable psychosocial determinant of physical activity. This study examined two scales for self-efficacy for exercise behavior (SEEB) to identify their strengths and weaknesses using item response theory (IRT) from community-based randomized controlled trials of physical activity programs in adults with arthritis. The 2 SEEB scales included the 9-item scale by Resnick developed with older adults and the 5-item scale by Marcus developed with employed adults. All IRT analyses were conducted using the graded-response model. IRT assumptions were assessed using both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The IRT analyses indicated that these scales are precise and reliable measures for identifying people with arthritis and low SEEB. The Resnick SEEB scale is slightly more precise at lower levels of self-efficacy in older adults with arthritis.

Exercise Self-Efficacy, Habitual Physical Activity, and Fear of Falling in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease

The purpose of this study was to determine if a relationship exists between self-efficacy for physical activity and other pertinent factors in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). A secondary purpose of this study was to determine if self-efficacy and exercise behavior are different in patients who report a fearing of falling (fallers) as compared to patients who do not report a fear of falling (non-fallers). This study included 50 patients who were admitted to the hospital for a CHD related diagnosis. Patients completed assessments of cardiac self-efficacy (Modified Barnason Efficacy Expectation Scale) and exercise behavior self-efficacy (Self Efficacy for Exercise Behavior Scale). In addition, the Physical Function subscale of the RAND 36-Item Health Survey and the Telephone Interview of Cognitive Function were used to characterize physical and cognitive function, respectively. Data analysis consisted of descriptive statistics, correlations, t-tests, and chi-square. Older patients reported higher levels of cardiac self-efficacy. Further, a positive correlation was found between cardiac self-efficacy and pre-hospitalization level of physical function. Patient income level and Self-efficacy for Exercise Behavior Resisting Relapse subscale scores were significantly correlated. A higher percent of fallers failed to meet minimum exercise guidelines as compared to non-fallers. It is important to identify the factors that are associated with exercise self-efficacy to improve health behavior adoption and adherence in patients with CHD.