Self-determining Subject Research Articles

The spirit of social pedagogy: the alternative theory base of German child welfare

While the term ‘social work’ has established itself internationally, many countries have alternative social professions with rich histories and distinct theory bases. This article examines a German example by theoretically considering a discipline central to child welfare: social pedagogy. The frameworks of key theorists are presented, reconstructing an intellectual lineage in education discourses and Continental philosophy. The case of social pedagogy acts as a reminder of mainstream theory bases quite different to those historically seen in Anglo-Saxon social work. Positivist perspectives are absent; instead, hermeneutics and critical theory have been dominant theoretical sources. Kant’s concept of Mündigkeit (‘maturity’), that is, the ability of a person to be a self-determining subject, reveals itself as the theoretical anchor point, linking the earliest theory making with later emancipatory and lifeworld approaches. The concepts that are recurrent in discourses can be amalgamated to define the discipline, and a tentative composite German social pedagogy definition is cautiously suggested.

ҚАЗАҚСТАН МЕКТЕПТЕРІНІҢ ТҮЛЕКТЕРІ АРАСЫНДА КӘСІПТІК БАҒДАР БЕРУ ЖҰМЫСЫ БОЙЫНША БІЛІМ БЕРУ ПРАКТИКАСЫ: МӘСЕЛЕЛЕРІ МЕН ШЕШУ ЖОЛДАРЫ

The article reveals the problems that rest on the choice of profession of school graduates, the transi-tion of young people from study to work, the difficulty with professional orientation, and, as a result, high unemployment in the labor market. The listed problems cover almost many countries of the world. Among the reasons for such a negative growth, the authors of the publication explain, first of all, changes in the functioning of the educational system, which can eventually lead to socio-economic risks and social inequality. The other side of the above-mentioned problem noted that the existing educational practice in many ways does not provide the order of the state and society for the formation of a graduate of urban and rural schools as a subject of socio-professional self-determination. The reasons rest on the following factors:– a low level of career guidance interaction between educational organizations of different levels, which generates the substitution of practice-oriented forms of professional orientation with psychologi-cal diagnostics and counseling;– the use of outdated inefficient approaches without taking into account modern information tech-nologies and more.The purpose of the presented research is to identify, in the regional context, the transformation of professional preferences of high school students in urban and rural schools as a strategy for future em-ployment.As a result of the survey conducted by the authors among school graduates, conclusions and pro-posals were formulated to optimize preparatory and organizational work among high school students to improve the methodology of career guidance activities. These proposals formed the basis for the developed sociological survey program and documents for school administrations in order to conduct annual monitoring to identify students’ professional preferences, taking into account new trends in the employment market.

The Digital Calculus of Racial Capitalism

The Digital Calculus of Racial Capitalism

The Department as a Subject of professional self-determination of pedagogical university students

Introduction, problem statement. In modern conditions of changes in the labor market and the system of vocational education, the process of professional self-determination of young people and the resources for its activation, intensification, and optimization are of particular relevance. The authors consider the subjects of the university system of promoting the professional self-determination of students, within which a significant place is determined by the Department of Social Pedagogy. The purpose is to analyze and substantiate the significance of the subject position of the Department of Social Pedagogy in the intra-university system of promoting students’ professional self-determination. Methodology and research methods. Theoretical and empirical methods were used: the analysis of scientific psychological and pedagogical literature and the analysis of the experience of the Department of Social Pedagogy of the TSPU, demonstrating the importance of the subject position of the elements of the intra-university system of promoting professional self-determination of students. Research results. On the basis of the analysis and generalization of the empirical experience of the Department of Social Pedagogy of the TSPU, the main directions in the context of promoting the professional self-determination of students are presented: lined up interaction with social partners – social organizations; organization of pedagogical intensives for TSPU students; support of industrial pedagogical practice of students of pedagogical areas of training; assistance in organizing employment (occupation) of students and graduates. Conclusion. It is determined that the subjective position of the Department of Social Pedagogy affects the “entry” of students of pedagogical areas of training in professional pedagogical activities, their con scious employment in teaching positions (even during their studies at the university) and is considered as one of the conditions for intra-university assistance to professional self-determination of students.

Питання обґрунтованості застосування принципу самовизначення народів сепаратистськими утвореннями в Україні

The article provides an analysis of the possibility of separatist formations in Ukraine to refer to the principle of self-determination of peoples as a justification for their activities. The minimum necessary criteria of legal bases for self-determination are considered, among which: the existence of effective connection of the subject of self-determination with a certain territory; the existence of the subject itself, i.e., the people (ethnic group), which claims self-determination; and the recognition by the international community of such a potential entity as the bearer of the right to self-determination. Regarding the connection with the territory, the doctrine of international law and practice recognizes the right to cultural and national self-determination in a particular territory for any ethnic group. This right is limited to the common interests of all the people of the state, which consists in the unconditional preservation of the inviolability and integrity of its territory. As for the existence of the subject of self-determination, the people is recognized as the historical community of people formed in a certain area and have stable features of the language, culture, and mental composition (mentality), as well as aware of their unity and difference from others through conscious self-name. At the same time, diasporas and migrants must be subject to the laws of the country of residence under the right of citizenship or the right of permanent residence. As for the recognition of the subject of self-determination by the international community, it may recognize as the people those who are under colonial rule, occupation by a foreign state, or against whom a policy of racism is pursued. Thus, international law does not protect separatist movements aimed at secession if they do not meet these criteria. This means that separatist formations in Ukraine do not have the right to secession but are terrorist organizations in terms of their methods of activity. Keywords: people, international recognition, right to self-determination, secession, territory

Validity of applying the principle of self-determination of peoples by separatist entities in Ukraine

The process of modern social development is determined by two dialectically opposite tendencies: centripetal, expressed in worldwide integration and globalization, and centrifugal, manifested in regional localization, one of the forms of which is the phenomenon of separatism – the desire of regions within states to separate, to acquire greater political independence, sovereignty up to territorial separation or joining another state. The purpose of this paper was to analyse the theoretical issues of national self-determination and the principle of equality of peoples in its relationship with separatism. The study used a set of methods and techniques of scientific cognition. The principal ones included the dialectical method, comparative legal method, formal legal method, and method of logical analysis. The paper analyses the possibility of reference to the principle of self-determination of peoples by separatist entities in Ukraine as a justification for their activities. The minimum necessary criteria of legal grounds for self-determination are considered, including the presence of an effective connection of the subject of self-determination with a certain territory; the presence of the subject itself, i.e., the people (ethnos), which claims self-determination; and recognition by the international community of such a potential subject as the bearer of the right to self-determination. As for the connection with the territory, the doctrine of international law and practice recognizes the right to cultural and national self-determination in a certain territory for any ethnic group. This right is limited to the common interests of the entire people of the state, which lies in the unconditional preservation of the inviolability and integrity of its territory. As for the presence of the subject of self-determination itself, the people recognize the historical community of people that has developed in a certain territory and has stable features of language, culture, and mentality, as well as the awareness of their unity and difference from others through conscious self-name. At the same time, diasporas and migrants must obey the laws of the country of residence on the right of citizenship or the right of permanent residence. As for the recognition of the subject of self-determination by the international community, they recognize those who are under colonial rule, occupation by a foreign state, or who are subject to a policy of racism. Consequently, international law does not protect separatist movements whose goal is secession if they do not meet these criteria. This means that separatist entities in Ukraine are not entitled to secession, and by their methods of activity they are terrorist organizations. The practical value of the materials and conclusions presented in this paper lies in their further use in further developments aimed at the analysis and study of the self-determination of peoples through separatism, in the law-making sphere, and the sphere of law enforcement related to ensuring the rights and freedoms of citizens.

The open future in peril: the anthropocene and the political agent of humanistically oriented historiography

ABSTRACT Determinism has long been a bugbear of humanistically oriented historiography. The opposition is political and typically expressed in liberal-democratic terms characterised by commitments to open time and the open future. Among its proponents, the Anthropocene has been regarded as a useful political concept that raises public consciousness of environmental problems and sets the stage for political action. The problem of determinism prevents the Anthropocene from being such a motivating force. Having been declared from a future millions of years from now, it sets the future in stone, telling humanity where it has ended up while it is still en route. Its temporal structure is that of a completed literary artefact. The characters play out a plot that is the finished creation of an omnipotent and omniscient author. As certain authors have sought to free their characters from the structure of narrative, so there is a need to consider the dynamics of human agency in the narrative structure of the Anthropocene. The purposeful and self-determining subject of humanistically oriented historiography remains a political agent who deliberates upon alternative courses of action.

Competence model of a career counselor as a subject of professional self-determination

Competence model of a career counselor as a subject of professional self-determination

About Methods of Monitoring the Development of Children Under Seven Years of Age

Today it is generally accepted that a child is an actively self-determining subject in human culture, and not an object of pedagogical influences. At the same time, the tendency that the development of a infants, toddlers and preschoolers children is a controlled and effective process is becoming more clear. This gives relevance to search and analyze various methods that make possible to determine the standart criteria for the development of a child at various stages of his childhood. Purpose. This work analyzes and compares four different approaches that differentially assess the development of a preschooler. The approaches are studied in the context of the compliance of the child’s normative characteristics with modern requirements for the content of preschool education and the realistic implementation of the methodology in mass pedagogical practice. Methodology and research methods. The research, was based on the principles of the cultural-historical treatment, the theory of activity and the principles of individualization of preschool education. The empirical part of the research is based on descriptive statistics of a survey of 25,462 teachers (upbringers) from 77 regions of the Russian Federation. Results. On the basis of the analysis of the approaches, the authors conclude that the «development maps» by N.А. Korotkova is the most appropriate method for observing the development of the children. In «development maps» the child is assessed on the basis of the level of initiative in the implementation of cultural practices typical of childhood - play, productive and cognitive-research activities and communication with peers implemented against their background. The chosen methodology is subjected to empirical verification for compliance with one of the most important criteria for practical implementation – availability for use without special training of teachers. Conclusion. “Development maps” can be used to solve a number of urgent problems: individualization of preschool education; fair assessment of the work of teachers; involving the parents of children in the educational process; building continuity between kindergarten and primary school.

Reproductive Rights versus the Christian Culture of the Body. Two Different Perspectives

The comparison between the concept of sexual and reproductive rights and the idea of gender and the Christian culture of the body with its personalist anthropology reveals their essential differences. The concept of reproductive rights is permeated with individualism, where sex identity can be freely defined, and sexual activities of individuals—provided that they stay within the boundaries of law—are not subjected to any moral norms. The main point of the disagreement between the concept of reproductive rights and the Christian culture of the body concerns the meaning of human corporeality. For the former, human body is, in a certain way, an ‘outside’ of the self-determining subject. According to the latter view, human body participates in man’s dignity as his constituent dimension. Another difference revolves around the meaning of sexual activity. Efforts to force implementation of sexual and reproductive rights, along with gender informed law and culture, are dangerous to the fundamental group unit of society—the family—based on the marriage between man and woman.

Aspectos geopolíticos sobre o fim da hegemonia portuguesa na Ásia: a descolonização de Goa

The main idea of the article is to portray the geopolitical aspects of the history of the liberation of Goa, nowadays a state of the Republic of India and former Portuguese colony. The work examines political and historical elements relevant in this process, correlating them with the international context of the time, the Post-Second World War. Likewise, it identifies interests which guided the Indian action to demand the handover of Goa, Portugal’s response to these concerns and the actions taken by the Portuguese to support their colonial project. The work delimits the social and economic context of Goa during the liberation movements and the role played by organized Goans and Indians. The research that gave origin to this work aims to contribute to the fields of Asian studies and Portuguese colonization, based on a systematic bibliographical survey incorporating additionally elements of the debates of international forums on the subject of self-determination of the peoples, decolonization and the Cold War. One of the geopolitical aspects revealed by the research is that Portugal did not count on a process of Goa’s integration with India, a power that emerged in the context of the struggles for self-determination of the post-Second World War, orchestrated by both the Goan majority and the Indian government and organized movements.

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ СПЕЦИФИКИ НРАВСТВЕННОГО СОДЕРЖАНИЯ ПОВЕДЕНИЯ В ОБЩЕМ ОБЪЕМЕ ДЕЛОВОГО ОБЩЕНИЯ

The article is devoted to the philosophical and ethical understanding of the specificity of human behaviour moral content in the course of business communication in the modern society. Special attention is paid to moral issues, and from this point of view the topic of the research is revealed, the basis of which is the study of the essence of a person’s moral content in its behavioural embodiment, as well as the specificity of a person’s formation as a subject of moral self-determination. The characteristic features of moral behaviour are singled out and described, and the criteria for a person’s moral value in business communication are substantiated.

ЭЛИТАРНЫЕ ОРИЕНТАЦИИ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО САМООПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ В ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЙ СРЕДЕ


 
 
 The paper deals with topical issues of vocational guidance for young people, specifies innovative forms of vocational orientation in the educational environment. The active character of the subject of professional self-determination is emphasized, the psychological and pedagogical conditions of the formation of such activity are highlighted. Special attention is paid to the active position of the higher education institution and its teachers. The effectiveness of vocational guidance work is summarized in the context of the introduction of scientifically based approaches to professional agitation. Presents examples of campaign activities in the educational environment used in the study.
 
 

The alien subject of AI

Immersed in the networks of artificial intelligences that are constantly learning from each other, the subject today is being configured by the automated architecture of a computational sovereignty (Bratton 2015). All levels of decision-making are harnessed in given sets of probabilities where the individuality of the subject is broken into endlessly divisable digits. These are specifically re-assembled at check points (Deleuze in Negotiations: 1972–1990, Columbia University Press, New York, 1995), in ever growing actions of predictive data (Cheney-Lippold in We are data and the making of our digital selves, NYU Press, New York, 2017), where consciousness is replaced by mindless computations (Daston in “The rule of rules”, lecture Wissenschaftskolleg Berlin, November 21st, 2010). As a result of the automation of cognition, the subject has thus become ultimately deprived of the transcendental tool of reason. This article discusses the consequences of this crisis of conscious cognition by the hands of machines by asking whether the servo-mechanic model of technology can be overturned to expose the alien subject of artificial intelligence as a mode of thinking originating at, but also beyond, the transcendental schema of the self-determining subject. As much as the socio-affective qualities of the user have become the primary sources of capital abstraction, value, quantification and governmental control, so has technology, as the means of abstraction, itself changed nature. This article will suggest that the cybernetic network of communication has not only absorbed physical and cognitive labour into its circuits of reproduction, but is, more importantly, learning from human culture, through the data analysis of behaviours, the contextual use of content and the sourcing of knowledge. The theorisation of machine learning as involving a process of thinking will be taken here as a fundamental inspiration to argue that the expansion of an alien space of reasoning, envisioning the possibility of machine thinking against the servo-mechanic model of cybernetics.

The Spectacle of Sovereignty: The Abject Multitude in Marlowe’s The Massacre at Paris and Shakespeare’s

Surprisingly, mere religious difference is not the only source of fear in Marlowe’s The Massacre at Paris despite the play’s focus on the religious violence of the St. Bartholomew Day Massacre. Instead, like Shakespeare’s 1 Henry IV, representation of mimetic desire perpetuates the threat of internecine violence that haunts the play. Indeed, Marlowe’s Massacre and Shakespeare’s 1 Henry IV both illuminate the way in which a gendered interpretation of the agentic, or self-determining subject, incites and reinforces an uncanny “zone of indistinction . . . at which techniques of individualization and totalizing procedures converge.” This troubled intersection is evident in Marlowe and Shakespeare’s representations of the sovereign and subjects’ struggle to establish and maintain power. In fact, the plays suggest how this gendered discourse shapes representations of the subject’s desire for power, or even recognition, and in the same instance the sovereign’s dependence on popular appeal. Most significantly, however, the plays trace the roles the discourse of gender and desire play in the changing political order from feudalism to an emergent merchant capitalism and the stirrings of liberal democracy.

ECO-PROTECTING DETERMINANTS OF THE ECONOMIC SELF-DETERMINATION OF PERSONALITY. VALIDATION OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE

The complexity and instability of the economic environment of contemporary life bring to the fore the question of individual determinants of economic self-determination, including aspects that are linked to eco-caring (environmental protection, social and self-preservation). The successful solution of this problem is determined by the availability of adequate psychological tools (diagnostic and psychotechnological). In the article theoretical and metho-dological bases and the results of validation of the questionnaire e-co, designed to explore eco-caring orientations of the subject of economic self-determination. The results can be used in psychological practice for diagnostic purposes and in the development of psychological technologies of formation of eco-saving orientations of a person, as well as in the research of the psychological determination of economic behavior of the individual and the group.

Lenin Via Cavid

This essay reflects on postcolonial and recent Marxist scholarship by way of the work of the Azerbaijani playwright Hüseyn Cavid (1882–1941), who wrote some of the most untimely plays of the revolutionary period in the Caucasus. Thematizing revolutionary figures from the Islamic past, these works included among others the verse play Şeyx Sәnʿan (Sheik Senan), serialized between 1915 and 1916 and dramatizing the life of a legendary twelfth-century Sufi; a 1918 adaptation of Faust entitled İblis (The Devil); and a 1922 play entitled Peyğәmbәr (The Prophet) dramatizing the Prophet Muhammad's revelation and the spread of Islam. In a reading of Cavid in relation to V. I. Lenin's writings on the ‘East’, I argue that Cavid supplements Lenin, offering a kind of ‘revolutionary subject of the heart’ and an alternative to the Leninist revolutionary subject of self-determination generalized through the Caucasus in the early twentieth century. Where the Leninist imagination encountered its limit in grounding itself in the sovereign auto-generative subject of the European Enlightenment, I argue, and in positing a communist common as an amalgamation of autonomous discrete national units, Cavid's theatre, which I describe as ‘afformative’ (in Werner Hamacher's sense of that term, denoting an ‘event of forming, itself formless’), dramatized an irreducible other-determination, paving the way for another, unrealized heteronomous common and communism grounded in alterity. If the spectre of Soviet communism haunts our postcolonial, postcommunist present, I would suggest that this is precisely so that we might learn, from its heterogeneous, plurilingual legacy, how to imagine a new, unrealized communism grounded in alterity.

At Home with Hegel and Heidegger

The idea of philosophy as an attempt to correct humanity's mythical fallen state develops in many directions in the philosophical tradition.1 In The City of God Against the Pagans, St Augustine argues that the reason for our fallen state is a perverse kind of elevation by which humanity forsakes the foundation upon which the mind should rest, to become and remain, as it were, one's own foundation. one takes delight in his own self-sufficiency, [man] falls away from the one who truly suffices him.2 Through their pride the residents of the Garden of Eden turn away from the immutable good of God and pursue their own pleasure. The hope for redemption and spiritual regeneration lies with aligning our will with God's will. However, once we have fallen, the path to re-establishing human completeness is entirely a matter of God's determination. In our fallen state only God is capable of delivering us from the wretchedness of our homelessness. In modernity however the hope for regeneration, salvation, and overcoming our homelessness is invested in the very capacities that Augustine considers the marker of humanity's flawed character-self-grounding and self-sufficiency. Self-determined freedom is in modernity assigned the role of making humanity whole again. If humanity through its reason can be demonstrated as grounding, authorizing, and legitimating its own norms then humanity has (at least) the potential to develop a social and political environment that an autonomous subject can identify as her own.My concern in this paper is to examine the respective ways in which Hegel and Heidegger respond to the myth of the fall. Heidegger and Hegel represent two alternative paths to this quest for homecoming. In Hegel's thought alienation and homelessness are key elements of the structure of experience that underlies the method of the Phenomenology. The text progresses through the misalignment of the norms by which successive shapes of spirit hold their knowledge to be true and a skeptical intuition that those norms are inadequate explanations of that world and the subjects that inhabit it. At the heart of this self-correcting trajectory of experience is a self-determining subject that strives to be at home with itself in otherness. Heidegger by contrast argues that the quest for a whole in which a self-determining subject could be at home is a delusion that runs through modern philosophy reaching its highpoint in Hegel. The core concepts of Being and Time such as care, anxiety, death, and the call of conscience do not provide Dasein with respite from her homelessness. In Heidegger's later writings there is however a fundamental shift: there he argues that human beings can be at home when they are considered as creatures whose fundamental characteristic is dwelling, but that home is of a very different order than the self-governing and self-relating freedom that Hegel describes.The notion of being-at-home or at-one-with-oneself (Beisichsein or Beisichselbstsein) pervades Hegel's thought from the Phenomenology of Spirit to his later lectures. Being-at-home-with-oneself is how he conceives human freedom. Why he conceives freedom as Beisichselbstsein has to be understood against the Enlightenment's view of freedom and Rousseau's critique of it. The Enlightenment is commonly understood to have as its central platform the dismissal of all forms of unreflective life. Traditions and cultures that perpetuated themselves through the absolute certainty of their animating norms were abandoned and replaced with interminable reflection, critique, and unceasing change. While the Enlightenment might have refuted forever the idea of such easy certitudes it was unable to offer anything like a coherent and unified culture to which subjects could belong as second nature, since such unreflective belonging is precisely what it sought to dismiss as the very condition of progress and freedom. Such unreflective forms of life are however the necessary ground of all cultures. …

Подросток как субъект самоопределения: ресурсы и риски

We present research data reflecting the problem of resources and risks of adolescent as a subject of self-determination. We show the main features of the personality of a modern teenager. We provide a detailed description of factors that determine the content and direction of socialization at this age. We reveal the determination of conflicts in adolescence. We examine the role of teenager and virtual environment interaction in the formation of self-presentation of a developing subject. We analyze the empirical results of studying features of value orientations and self-esteem of the modern teenagers. We describe the specific effect of self-esteem type and content of value orientations on choosing ways of self-determination at this stage of development of the subject. We reveal the basic vectors of social activity as a factor of self-determination in adolescence. We present a model of psychological support program of adolescent's personality development, which includes the following components: motivational, axiological, informative, instrumental, reflexive, projective.

Modernization, Counter-Modernization, and Philosophy

The ennobling vision of modernity asserts that the benefits of identifying individual citizens as subjectivity are realized only when each subject is aware of the self as free in decisions and actions. Modernization through industrialization and urbanization has been seen as a means by which society can, through market contractual relationships, allow each citizen to become a self-determining subject. In Korean society this self-awakening has already set in and ought to deepen through dynamic economic growth. However, the authoritarian political power combined by technocracy obstructs the emergence of mature subjectivity. This is what can be called a phenomenon of counter-modernization. Citizenship training through philosophical dialogue may find ways to resolve this impasse by reconceptualizing modernity’s goals and means in terms of enabling the potentiality inherent in subjectivity.