Self-determination Of Peoples Research Articles

Building tailored interventions to promote self-determination in young adults with autism: the TEAM_YOUNG ADULTS program

Objectives Self-determination is crucial throughout life, yet individuals with autism often experience lower self-determination levels than their peers without disabilities. Thus, practitioners need interventions to support self-determination in people with autism, considering their specific characteristics. The objectives of this study are (a) to present the development of a program for the promotion of self-determination in people with autism, the TEAM_YOUNG ADULTS program, and (b) to assess its effectiveness through a pilot study. Methods A randomized controlled trial was conducted, with a mixed-methods approach, to assess the effectiveness of the program, combining quantitative and qualitative data. Fourteen participants, aged 17–25 years, were randomly assigned to the intervention group or the waiting list. Instruments were used to measure self-determination in both self-report and proxy-assessment formats. A focus group was also conducted at the end of the intervention to obtain qualitative data. Results The experimental group reported an improvement in the three dimensions of self-determination: volitional action, agentic action and action-control beliefs. Facilitators and barriers to change were also discussed. Conclusions Our findings show promising results, indicating that the program may be a useful intervention to improve self-determination in young adults with autism. Implications and future lines of research are discussed.

Legal nature and signs of the international legal order

Characterizing the international legal order as an object of criminal law protection, it is possible to single out the following social relations that are under the protection of criminal law: 1) relations to ensure friendly relations between nations based on the principle of equality and self-determination of peoples; 2) relations to ensure the effectiveness of the prohibition of war as a means of state policy; 3) relations regarding international cooperation in the field of common interests of mankind. On the basis of the above, it can be concluded that the international legal order as an object of criminal law protection is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon that also encompasses the peace and security of mankind, although it is narrower in content than the international legal order as an international legal category. Based on the above, it can be concluded that the international legal order is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon that encompasses the principles of international legal personality and the international law-making process, international relations, international cooperation, human rights protection systems and means of resolving international disputes, as well as the principles international legal responsibility. In this context, the question arises as to whether all the specified aspects are covered by the international legal order as a category of international law, and by the international legal order as an object of criminal law protection. In particular, if we assume that the international legal order as a category of international law and as an object of criminal legal protection coincide in content, then in this case the international legal order will actually absorb other meaningfully related objects of criminal legal protection - the peace and security of humanity, which, as follows from the provisions of the UN Charter, are integral parts of the international legal order.

Historical retrospective of the formation of the institution of autonomy and self-determination of peoples

This article examines the evolution of the concept of the right of nations to self-determination from the ideas of the Enlightenment to the modern enshrinement in international law. It traces the genesis of the ideas of popular sovereignty and natural human rights in such thinkers as Locke, Grotius, Vattel and Rousseau. The key stages of formation of the institution of national autonomy are analyzed: national liberation movements of the XVIII-XIX centuries, the activities of the League of Nations, the formation of the system of minority protection within the UN. Particular attention is paid to international documents that enshrined the right to self-determination - the UN Charter, Declarations, Covenants on Human Rights. Controversial issues of correlation of this principle with the territorial integrity of states are considered. It substantiates the relevance of finding compromise solutions to ensure stability in the realization of the right to self-determination through various forms of autonomy and the formation of new states.

Challenges faced by older people with dementia during the COVID-19 pandemic as perceived by professionals: a qualitative study with interviews.

Previous studies have highlighted a decline in the mental health of older adults over the course of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Few studies have determined the possible causes of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia during COVID-19 in a comprehensive manner. We aimed to identify the challenges faced by older adults with dementia during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study adopted a qualitative approach to understanding the perceptions of healthcare professionals, such as regarding the negative effects of COVID-19 on the mental health of people with dementia. Between January and March 2022, the authors conducted individual in-depth interviews on how COVID-19 affected the stress levels, care, and self-determination of people with dementia. Qualitative data from the individual interviews were data cleansed to ensure the clarity and readability of the transcripts. The qualitative data were then analyzed by inductive manual coding using a qualitative content analysis approach. The grouping process involved reading and comparing individual labels to cluster similar labels into categories and inductively formulate themes. Qualitative analysis extracted 61 different semantic units that were duplicated. Seven categories were inductively extracted using a grouping process. These were further integrated to extract the following four themes: fear of personal protective equipment (PPE), loneliness, dissatisfaction with behavioural restrictions and limitations of video calls, and family interference with service use. People with dementia often faced mental distress during the pandemic owing to preventive measures against COVID-19, and a lack of awareness and understanding of such preventive measures worsened their distress. They experienced a severe sense of social isolation and loneliness. Findings also indicated that families tended to ignore the needs of people with dementia and their decisions and opinions regarding healthcare service use.

발달장애인의 자기결정이 삶의 질에 미치는 영향

This study aims to investigate the mediating effect of disability acceptance on the relationship between self-determination of people with developmental disabilities and their quality of life. To achieve this, data from the third wave (2020) of the Disability and Dynamics panal established by the Korea Disabled People’s Development Institute were utilized, with a sample comprising 484 people with developmental disabilities. The analysis employed a bootstrapping approach utilizing the Process Macro to verify the mediating effects. The results of the analysis are as follows: First, the self-determination of people with developmental disabilities positively influences their quality of life. Second, the self-determination of people with developmental disabilities has a positive impact on disability acceptance. Finally, in the relationship between self-determination and quality of life for people with developmental disabilities, disability acceptance showed a partial mediating effect. Based on these findings, practical implications and policy recommendations for enhancing self-determination and disability acceptance in people with developmental disabilities are discussed.

Wildfire management and evacuation in indigenous communities in Canada and the United States: A scoping review

Indigenous people and communities are disproportionately affected by wildfire and the accompanying smoke, motivating calls for revitalization, integration, and greater engagement with Indigenous people regarding fire knowledges and practices. We conducted a scoping review of literature on wildfire management and evacuation in Canada and the United States to understand impacts on Indigenous communities, and to inform ways that Indigenous communities can be more involved in decision-making in these areas. The literature reviewed suggests that, despite progress, there are still a range of barriers that leave little scope for Indigenous participation in shaping wildfire management on their territories. The literature also illustrates that the evacuation process can be traumatic and, at times, more harmful than the risk posed by the wildfire itself. However, the challenge is deeper than government agencies and external support organizations needing to improve their acceptance and utilization of Indigenous experiences and knowledges, identify opportunities for effective partnerships between government and Indigenous communities and organizations, and provide adequate funding and resources. More so, the challenge relates to the need to make space for Indigenous people's self-determination, with more agency and control over key aspects of wildfire management and evacuation. Some of the most promising examples from the literature were situations in which Indigenous communities took initiative on their own, had more control over decisions, or were otherwise enabled to express their collective agency in both wildfire management and evacuation. The pursuit of more integrative and holistic approaches in wildfire management generally will strengthen Indigenous community sovereignty, capacity, and community resilience.

Assessment of self-determination in mental health: A new application field of the AUTODDIS scale.

Self-determination enhances well-being and quality of life. It is also considered a fundamental pillar in improving the efficacy of interventions used to treat people with severe mental disorders (SMD). Yet the assessment of self-determination in relation to mental health requires further research. The aim of this study was to analyze the adequacy and psychometric properties of the AUTODDIS scale in a Spanish population with SMD. The scale was originally developed and validated to assess self-determination in people with intellectual disability. The scale was administered to a sample of 333 adults with SMD (M = 47.6 years, SD = 11.68), most of whom were receiving treatment in an outpatient setting or at long-stay care facilities in six specialized centers in Spain. The quality of the items and the reliability of the scale and its subscales were analyzed. External validity was also explored, and confirmatory factor analysis was used to analyze the fit of the data to different models. The results indicate that the scale demonstrated sufficient evidence of reliability and validity, supporting the adequacy of its use in the field of mental health. The use of this scale as a tool to assess self-determination and its domains in the mental health field is warranted. The article also discusses the need for more research and assessment tools to facilitate decision making by clinical and organizational stakeholders in promoting self-determination. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Supporting self-determination in mental health recovery: Strategies employed by occupational therapists.

Self-determination is a core component of mental health recovery and a predictor of positive outcomes. The literature calls for occupational therapists to lead practice change to greater recovery-orientation, including facilitating people's self-determination. However, systemic challenges thwart translation of policy into practice and therapists report a lack of confidence in implementing recovery-oriented principles. This study aimed to understand the strategies that mental health occupational therapists employ to support people's self-determination. Data were collected through an international on-line questionnaire principally comprising two open-ended questions designed to elicit deep reflective personal accounts. Participants were asked about an experience in which they supported a person's self-determination and the factors that either facilitated or hindered this experience. Qualitative data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis, guided by constant comparative methods. Thirty-four therapists, predominantly from Australia (n = 30), participated. Therapists described supporting self-determination as a multifaceted process that involved: (1) working on myself, (2) working with the person, and (3) working with others. They emphasised that the combined use of various strategies across these three areas of work was important to support people's self-determination. Further, awareness of and addressing issues of power in their practice was key. This study supports the translation of recovery-oriented principles into practice by revealing the nuanced strategies implemented by occupational therapists striving to support self-determination. Participants employed diverse strategies to empower people to take the 'driver's seat' in their mental health recovery journey. Insights from this study will support other occupational therapists to actualise recovery-oriented principles and better support self-determination in their practice. To effectively implement self-determination strategies, therapists must reflect on and address existing power differentials within mental health services, particularly between themselves and the people they support.

Exploring the experiences of self-determination of individuals with mild intellectual disabilities and epilepsy.

While epilepsy can decrease quality of life and self-determination in individuals without intellectual disabilities, the impact of epilepsy on experienced self-determination in people with intellectual disabilities remains unclear. We conducted semi-structured interviews with six adults (four men, two women) aged 30-61 with mild intellectual disabilities and drug-resistant epilepsy to investigate their experiences of self-determination. The data were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Three main themes were identified: (A) I am a competent person with epilepsy; (B) My social needs: being accepted as I am and stability in relationships; and (C) Being in control. In this study, the impact of epilepsy on experienced self-determination of people with mild intellectual disabilities outweighs the influence of intellectual disabilities. Identity formation, friendships with peers, and autonomy support in risk management are identified as important topics in supporting this group.

The Role of the Referendum on Self-Determination in the Constitutional and Legal Mechanism for the Implementation of Democracy in Great Britain

Ten years ago, the United Kingdom was faced with a challenge related to issues of territorial integrity of the state. The paper analyzes the constitutional and legal practice related to holding referendums on selfdetermination of peoples in the Falkland Islands, Scotland and the referendum on the withdrawal of Great Britain from the European Union (Brexit). Comparative legal analysis of the referendums under consideration consists in comparing such criteria as: the prerequisites for a referendum on self-determination, the organizational and legal regulation of the referendum, political and legal consequences of the referendum. It is noted that the role of the institution of referendum in the constitutional and legal mechanism for the implementation of democracy in Great Britain occupies a special place. The use by the British Government of the institution of a referendum to legitimize the decisions on self-determination of the Falkland Islands, Scotland and on secession from the European Union made it possible to achieve the set goals, namely: the Falkland Islands and Scotland remained part of the United Kingdom; the exit from the European Union took place. Based on a binary analysis of the internal and external aspects of the right of peoples to self-determination, which implies taking into account international legal and domestic consequences in the event of the realization of this right, the most noticeable trends are highlighted.

The Relationship Between Autistic Traits and Quality of Life: Investigation of Indirect Effects Through Self-Determination.

Self-determination, described broadly as experiencing causal agency, is positively associated with quality of life (QoL) and increases through satisfaction of three basic psychological needs: autonomy (feeling able to make choices free from pressure), competence (perceived self-efficacy), and relatedness (social connection). Both unsupportive environments and challenges with social interaction can interfere with satisfaction of psychological needs. Social challenges are a key trait for autism diagnosis, and unsupportive environments are also known to adversely affect QoL for autistic people. Autistic people report, on average, lower self-determination than non-autistic people. Therefore, it is hypothesized that higher levels of autistic traits may reduce opportunities to develop self-determination, affecting QoL. We tested a parallel indirect effects model where we hypothesized that the relationships between autistic traits and four domains of QoL (psychological, social, physical, and environmental) would be indirectly influenced through self-determination (represented through satisfaction of the basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness). This study drew participants from the general population (N = 262; M AGE = 37.6, standard deviation = 11.92; 1.9% reported an autism diagnosis and 2.7% identified as autistic without a diagnosis). Participants completed an online survey. Higher levels of autistic traits were associated with lower levels of self-determination and lower levels of QoL, and there was a significant indirect effect between autistic traits and QoL via self-determination. More specifically, we found a significant indirect effect between autistic traits and all QoL domains via competence; between autistic traits and the environmental, social, and psychological QoL domains via relatedness; and between autistic traits and the physical and environmental QoL domains through autonomy. Our results suggest that supporting satisfaction of the needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness may represent an important element in designing effective programs to support the development of self-determination in people with higher levels of autistic traits (potentially including autistic individuals) and also to support these people to improve their QoL.

Deciding My Future: Experiences of Adults With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities & Family Members Using Supported Decision Making

Abstract Date Presented 04/22/2023 Supported decision making is an emerging practice that OTs can use to promote participation, positive transition, and self-determination for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). This presentation will report research studying the experiences of adults with IDD using supported decision making and discuss opportunities for OT intervention. Primary Author and Speaker: Evan Dean Additional Authors and Speakers: Brad Linnenkamp

Personal Factors, Living Environments, and Specialized Supports: Their Role in the Self-Determination of People with Intellectual Disability.

The self-determination of people with disabilities, and specifically people with intellectual disabilities (ID), is a growing issue due to its relevance in the field of inclusion and human rights. Although research has shown a significant relationship between self-determination and intelligence, other factors also contribute to its development. The purpose of this study was to understand what other variables may be influencing self-determination. Using the scores from 483 adolescents and adults with ID who completed the AUTODDIS scale, we performed inferential and regression analyses to determine the relationships between levels of self-determination, personal variables (sex, age, severity of ID), and contextual variables (living environment, specialized supports). We found that self-determination is affected by the severity of ID, and when this variable is controlled for, greater self-determination is mainly related to receiving occupational support and support for autonomy and independent living. Results also showed that, together with ID severity, occupational and psychoeducational support, as well as support for autonomy and independent living, were also predictors of the level of self-determination. In conclusion, this study confirms the importance of contextual variables in the development of self-determination in people with ID, placing the focus of intervention on social opportunities.

THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO THE STATE POLICY OF FORMATION, ACCUMULATION AND USE OF HUMAN CAPITAL IN THE CONDITIONS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Realization of the ability to work as a qualitative characteristic of the workforce allows us to understand the reasons and driving forces for the development of the innovative economy. The purpose of the article is to generalize and improve theoretical approaches to the state policy of formation, accumulation and use of human capital in the conditions of socio-economic development. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research was the fundamental provisions, concepts, hypotheses and approaches to the management of human capital for the benefit of innovative development, set forth in the works of the classics and modern domestic and foreign scientists. The research is based on the methods of comparative, dynamic and comparative analysis, decomposition method, monographic research. Collective human abilities, distinguished by the continuity of cognition, understanding of the acquired knowledge, and their creative use are the labor potential of the socio-economic system, which characterizes the possibility of the development of this system. The conversion of human capital into labor resources is determined by the labor force index. The labor force is the able-bodied part of the country's population, which, due to mental, physiological and intellectual qualities, is able to produce material goods or services. Labor resources include the population capable of working. These are, first of all, people of working age, as well as working pensioners, teenagers, and immigrants. In the system of state statistics, the labor force is called "economically active population". A feature of developed countries is a high share of employees, less developed - self-employed, primarily due to the large number of self-employed households. It has been established that countries that rely on social and economic development on human capital formed through the education system become leaders. The functions of education are realized in various forms of individual benefits and public benefits at the corporate, regional, national and global levels. Public goods are recognized as collective goods that relate to the social. They characterize the development of society in general: social solidarity, equality in rights and self-determination of people, social and geographical mobility (freedom of movement), general knowledge and the possibility of participation in the discussion. Common goods can only be created jointly. Some are aimed at the individual (eg human rights) and some at groups of people (eg laws).

‘Mainstreaming’ Meets ‘Choice and Control’: Unsettling Neoliberal Imaginaries of Service Choice

‘Mainstreaming’ and ‘Choice and control’ agendas have played a dominant role in shaping disability policy and advocacy in many countries since the 1970s, however scholarship is yet to critically explore the tensions and synergies between the two. ‘Mainstreaming’ is the aspiration to move people with disability out of ‘specialist’ spaces designed specifically for them, and into ‘mainstream’ spaces open to people of all abilities. ‘Choice and control’ concerns efforts to enhance autonomy and self-determination for people with disability. In this paper we interrogate the relationship between ‘choice and control’ and ‘mainstreaming’, both conceptually and through empirical examination of choices made by people with intellectual disability about use of mainstream services in four Australian cities. Our analysis shows their ability to choose is severely constrained by excessive control practiced by supporters, funding restrictions, affordability constraints, and exclusionary practices in mainstream services. We argue that the potential for both ‘choice and control’ and ‘mainstreaming’ has been constrained by neoliberal socio-spatial imaginaries in which they have been framed.

Towards the Draſt Declaration on the Right of Peoples to Self-Determination and Forms of its Realization

INTRODUCTION. This article elaborates on the idea of Professor Y.A.Reshetov, who published in the Moscow Journal of International Law a draſt convention on the right of peoples to self-determination. The draſt convention has been one of the first attempts to draw attention to the problem of the limits of self-determination in plural States, the forms of implementation and the main subjects of the right of self-determination. The purpose of the study is to develop the relevant ideas of Y.A.R.Reshetov, as well as to introduce new ideas, taking into account the evolving processes of realization of the right to self-determination in the modern world.MATERIAL AND METHODS. The study is based on international legal instruments, advisory opinions of the International Court of Justice, the jurisprudence of other international legal bodies and contemporary research of domestic and foreign scholars. The methods used in this study are: analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, comparison, classification, systematization, prediction, as well as comparative and formal legal approaches.RESEARCH RESULTS. The territorial disputes resulting from ethnic, regional and local conflicts are among the most pressing problems in international relations. For any multi-ethnic State, including Russia, it is extremely important to have a genuine scientific awareness of the principle of equality and self-determination of peoples, adequate forms of its implementation, and structuring ethnic identity in the system of civil identity. Exploring for well-founded solutions to the matters involved will help consolidate world public opinion and ultimately develop an appropriate international legal mechanism under the auspices of the United Nations.DISCUSION AND CONCLUSION. The articles analyses the evolution of the idea of self-determination of peoples, the place of the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples in the system of basic principles of international law. The range of subjects of the right to self-determination, the specifics of secession, institutions of uti possidetis juris, and of delays in secession, as well as questions on the forms and criteria of self-determination of the principal subjects and the phenomenon of «unrecognized States», author draſted the relevant Declaration on the Right of Peoples to Self-determination and the Modalities for its Implementation.

Mapping the Landscape of the Inherent Right to Self-Determination of Peoples within Sovereign States

This essay explores the vexing question of the right to self-determination with particular reference to developments under both general international law and African regional law. It recognises the tension between the right to self-determination and the territorial integrity of states while arguing that the right to self-determination for peoples within sovereign independent states fits into emerging normative developments in international law practice and politics in Africa and beyond. These normative developments are a pointer that state-centric principles of territorial integrity are not inviolable. Meanwhile, they are also indices for identifying the limits of uti possidetis vis-à-vis the fundamental right of self-determination.

On legal gaps in the international law related to the realisation of the right of peoples to self-determination

The article is devoted to the main gaps in international law, impeding the realisation of the right to self-determination. The current stage of development of international relations entails the need to search for new approaches to resolving conflict situations and to improve existing legal mechanisms, including those related to the realisation of the right of peoples to self-determination. The author analyses the categories of subjects of the right in the issue and the forms of its implementation envisaged for each of them. Special attention in this article is paid to the international law concerning the relationship between the principle of territorial integrity and the right of peoples to self-determination. On basis of conducted analysis the author also formulates the thesis under which the principle of territorial integrity cannot be considered applicable to states that pursue a discriminatory policy against certain peoples living on their territory (primacy of the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples in cases where discriminatory policy is conducted against them). Further the author identifies related problems of realisation of the right to self-determination and comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to legally define such subjects at the international level through the adoption of a comprehensive international legal act on the right to self-determination.

Culture and education with Alice Rigney (1942–2017), Australia's first Aboriginal woman school principal

PurposeThis article explores the childhood, professional life and social activism of Alice Rigney (1942–2017) who became Australia's first Aboriginal woman principal in 1986.Design/methodology/approachThe article draws on interviews with Alice Rigney along with newspapers, education department correspondence and reports of relevant organisations which are read against the grain to elevate Aboriginal people's self-determination and agency.FindingsThe article illuminates Alice/Alitya Rigney's engagement with education and culture from her childhood to her work as an Aboriginal teacher aide, teacher, inaugural principal of Kaurna Plains Aboriginal school in Adelaide, South Australia; and her activism as a Narungga and Kaurna Elder. Furthermore, the article highlights her challenges to racial and gender discrimination in the state school system.Originality/valueWhile there is an expanding body of historical research on Aboriginal students, this article focuses on the experiences of an Aboriginal educator which are also essential to deconstructing histories of Australian education.

Correlation of the principles of territorial integrity of states and self-determination of peoples in international law

The article presents a comparative analysis of the principles of territorial integrity of states and self-determination of peoples in terms of international law. The principle of equality and self-determination of peoples, as well as the territorial integrity and inviolability of state borders, are among the basic principles of international law.
 At first glance, there is a certain contradiction between the exercise of the right of peoples to self-determination and the principle of territorial integrity of states, which provides that the territory of the state cannot be changed without its consent. The inability of the parties to find a peaceful solution to such a conflict leads to an increase in national conflicts, which often escalate into a military confrontation.
 From the content of the provisions of international law, it becomes clear that the principle of territorial integrity is aimed solely at protecting the state from external aggression. It does not apply only to those states that do not ensure the equality of the peoples living in them and do not allow free self-determination of such peoples. Conversely, if the state adheres to this principle in its activities, it is impossible to dismember it and violate its territorial integrity, "hiding" under this principle, because this state has already given peoples the right to express themselves within its borders.
 The right of the people to self-determination means that each nation is free to determine, without outside interference, its political status and to pursue its economic, social, and cultural development.
 In turn, the UN Millennium Declaration in fact spoke in favor of an only anti-colonial and anti-occupation interpretation of the principle of self-determination of peoples.
 Thus, the principle of the right to equality and self-determination of peoples does not encourage separatism and secession as a mandatory form of self-determination; on the contrary, the right to secession is directly limited to special cases, such as decolonization, the struggle against occupation and the racist regime.
 The same is confirmed in the practice of constitutional courts of states.