Self-contained Power Supply Research Articles

Selection of a Heat-Recovery Turbine Unit for a Self-Contained Power Supply of Compressor Stations in Gas Mains

Selection of a Heat-Recovery Turbine Unit for a Self-Contained Power Supply of Compressor Stations in Gas Mains

Application of DC/AC converters in self-contained power supply systems based on wind generators in the conditions of the Arctic Shelf

Application of DC/AC converters in self-contained power supply systems based on wind generators in the conditions of the Arctic Shelf

Finite Element Analysis and Design of Hybrid-Excitation Self-Contained Power Supply for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Housing

Finite Element Analysis and Design of Hybrid-Excitation Self-Contained Power Supply for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Housing

Lighting of Exhibitions in Museums with Limited Power Supply Capabilities

Using an example of lighting of art objects in museums with limited power supply, methods of solving problems of meeting the requirements to museum lighting and forming of a lighting environment inherent to the initial function of a building (palace, temple) are demonstrated. The proposed methods are based on utilisation of a self-contained power supply and original luminaires of minimal size with increased functionality and properties specific for lighting of different exhibitions. Requirements to such luminaires are formulated and principles of their arrangement and operation are demonstrated.

Portable microwave radiometer for wearable devices

This paper presents a new circuit of the miniature microwave radiometer for wearable devices, which can be used to monitor the core body temperature (CBT) of internal human tissues continuously 24/7. The measurement results of the proposed device, as opposed to the known miniature wearable radiometers, remain unchanged when the impedance of the examined area varies. We have derived an analytical expression for radiometer measurement error based on parameters of device components. This formula allows accuracies to be estimated and optimal parameters of the circuit to be selected to minimise measurement error at a design stage. It is shown that measurement error is independent of the antenna reflection coefficient and the temperature of the radiometer front-end. A prototype of the single-channel miniature radiometer has 32 х 25 х 14 mm3 dimensions and USB interface communication with PC. A 28-hour run of the device has shown that it is highly stable, and a maximum drift in temperature is 0.15 ̊C. Operating frequency range was 3400-4100 MHz, supply voltage - 5V; power supply of the radiometer in measurement mode is 210 mA; time constant of the radiometer without being averaged is 0.6 sec, at the same time, standard deviation δ = 0.17 ̊С, with further averaging during 4 sec δ=0.052 ̊С, with averaging during 30 sec δ =0.017 ̊C; when there were input reflections R2=0.25, an error in measuring brightness temperature shifted by 0.2 ̊ C; with 10 ̊C variations in ambient temperature the shift was 0.15 ̊C. Introduction of self-contained power supply and wireless communication with smartphone have made it possible to use the proposed radiometer as a wearable device to monitor the temperature of internal tissues and CBT during human activities.

Бортовая система электроснабжения для электрических самолетов

The development of electric aircraft, the design of which will use, apart from doing away with pneumatic and hydraulic transmissions, electric propulsion, is one of promising lines in aviation technology. As an example, the project of the X-57 Maxwell electric aircraft developed by NASA, which is equipped with 14 propulsion electric motors, is given. In view of insufficient energy efficiency of existing storage batteries, a combined storage battery-and-generator power supply system for electric aircraft is considered. In the considered system, the aircraft propulsion is provided by electric motors, which are powered by storage batteries in combination with permanent magnet generators. The generator shaft is rotated by an auxiliary internal combustion engine, which operates in an economical mode. The power circuit of an active rectifier producing the +270 V DC bipolar output voltage is proposed, with which the permanent magnet generator operates with a sinusoidal phase current waveform and a close-to-unity power factor. The active rectifier control system uses an enhanced phase-locked loop, which eliminates the need to use generator rotor position sensors. For determining the stability domains and revealing undesirable hidden attractors in the considered storage battery-and-generator power supply system, it is proposed to use special analytical-numerical computation procedures based on modifications of Lyapunov's functions methods. The article will be of interest for developers of both aircraft and ground-based self-contained electric power supply systems with a bipolar 270 V DC voltage that must meet stringent requirements for improvement of their mass-and-dimensions and power performance characteristics.

Battery-Powered Portable Rotary Real-Time Fluorescent qPCR with Low Energy Consumption, Low Cost, and High Throughput.

The traditional qPCR instrument is bulky, expensive, and inconvenient to carry, so we report a portable rotary real-time fluorescent PCR (polymerase chain reaction) that completes the PCR amplification of DNA in the field, and the reaction can be observed in real-time. Through the analysis of a target gene, namely pGEM-3Zf (+), the gradient amplification and melting curves are compared to commercial devices. The results confirm the stability of our device. This is the first use of a mechanical rotary structure to achieve gradient amplification curves and melting curves comparable to commercial instruments. The average power consumption of our system is about 7.6 W, which is the lowest energy consumption for real-time fluorescence quantification in shunting PCR and enables the use of our device in the field thanks to its self-contained power supply based on a lithium battery. In addition, all of the equipment costs only about 710 dollars, which is far lower than the cost of a commercial PCR instrument because the control system through mechanical displacement replaces the traditional TEC (thermoelectric cooler) temperature control. Moreover, the equipment has a low technical barrier, which can suit the needs of non-professional settings, with strong repeatability.

Design and Advanced Control of Intelligent Large-Scale Hydraulic Synchronization Lifting Systems

Lifting systems are in great demand since more and more massive buildings or bridges tend to be shifted or lifted integrally. Hydraulic cylinders in traditional lifting systems are usually supplied by a common pump with an oil tank, which brings long distance hydraulic pipes and signal lines. This paper designs a new architecture of an intelligent lifting system, with self-contained hydraulic power supply system, wireless communication modules, and distributed controller. Based on the designed architecture of the intelligent lifting system, an advanced iterative learning control strategy is proposed to enhance its synchronization performance. With the proposed advanced control strategy, synchronization is achieved in a finite time interval even under the effect of communication time delays and saturations. The distributed controller of a lifting subsystem only uses the delayed information received from subsystems around. This is distinguished from traditional lifting systems, in which all of the lifting subsystems are normally controlled in a centralized way.

Geometric model of the gas turbine combustion chamber

Gas turbine plants operated on a mixture of natural gas and air are widely used for self-contained power supply of buildings and structures both in urban conditions and in temporary settlements. When designing perspective gas turbine plants, we need to develop a non-toxic, environmentally friendly combustion chamber with the minimal emissions of harmful substances in a wide range of changes in operating parameters. It is a complicated engineering challenge to meet this condition: it is necessary to ensure geometrically accurate profiling of special holes in the cylindrical wall of the combustion chamber to insert fuel nozzles. As opposed to the known methods, the article proposes a profiling method, which combines the advantages of the known methods of descriptive geometry and precise methods of three-dimensional computer simulation. The real profile of a hole in the wall of the combustion chamber is a fourth-order spatial algebraic curve. The article proposes an algorithm for profile approximation using second-order curves by means of three-dimensional computer graphics, which allows us to streamline the preparation of a program for a water jet NC machine.

A Hardware and Software Complex for Remote Monitoring of a High-Voltage Line Arrester under Operating Voltage

A hardware and software complex for remote monitoring of high-voltage line arresters (HVLAs) under operating voltage has been developed. The complex is a two-level distributed system with autonomous monitoring points. The main functional units of the complex are a block of current sensors, a registration and communication device, a self-contained power supply, a receiving base station, and an automated workplace (AWP). Apart from the total leakage current and number of operations, the complex registers the amplitude and duration of the HVLA lightning pulse. These parameters may be used for the assessment of the HVLA residual resources and making a decision as to the feasibility of its further operation. An optical sensor on the basis of a bismuth silicate crystal is used as a sensor of an impulse current; its operating principle is based on the Faraday linear magnetooptic effect. The advantage of the bismuth silicate crystal is the feasibility of the noncontact measurement of the pulse magnetic field strength, high temperature stability and high noise immunity. The standard of the wireless LoRa communication was selected for the transmission of information; its advantage is a high noise immunity, larger range of radio signal transmission (up to 10 km), low energy consumption, and high penetrating capacity penetrability. A solar battery with a standby power supply—a rechargeable battery—was selected as the self-contained power supply. Program modules for receiving and transmission of information and AWP were developed. The hardware and software system allow preventing the emergency situations on the high-voltage line, planning more service and repair operations more effectively and efficiently, and starting the operation of HVLAs based on technical conditions.

Power Semiconductor Switches for Pulse Power Transformers with a Modular and Scalable Architecture

This article discusses unconventional circuit solutions for construction of reversible multifunctional pulse converters (MPCs) of ac—including three-phase—and dc voltages with adjustable parameters, correction of the power factor, a specified shape of external volt–ampere characteristics, and soft swiching. Such reversible MPCs presuppose a flexible modular and scalable architecture with serial and parallel increase in the number of modules. The proposed solutions allow for synthesis of transportation and stationary power generation systems with a high-tech flexible modular and scalable architecture using domestic items of power semiconductor switches. The article may be useful for a wide circle of researchers and developers of secondary power-supply sources for stationary and transport power-supply systems, in particular, those for promising fully electric aircraft, transport traction electric power transmission systems with overhead-contact and self-contained power supply that provides for the return of energy to the source under regenerative braking, wind and diesel power plants, “high-voltage electronic transformers,” etc.

A Generalized Quality Index of a Self-Contained Power Supply System

The article presents the issues of multicriterial evaluation of a self-contained power supply system as a complex engineering system. The methods of construction of the resulting target quality function in the form of the generalized index are considered. An assessment is given of the advantages and disadvantages of the various approaches in solving such problems. It is proposed to form a generalized quality index in the form of the dependence of the output characteristics inside the considered system and complicated engineering complex including a power supply system. Numerous output characteristics are presented in the form of separate aspects. The problem of assessment is reduced to consideration of two aspects. Methodological tools are given that allow the necessary calculations to be carried out.

Isolated step-down DC -DC converter for electric vehicles

Modern motor-vehicle industrial sector is moving rapidly now towards the electricity-driving cars production, improving their range and efficiency of components, and in particular the step-down DC/DC converter to supply the onboard circuit 12/24V of electric vehicle from the high-voltage battery. The purpose of this article - to identify the best circuitry topology to design an advanced step-down DC/DC converters with the smallest mass, volume, highest efficiency and power. And this will have a positive effect on driving distance of electric vehicle (EV). On the basis of computational research of existing and implemented circuit topologies of step-down DC/DC converters (serial resonant converter, full bridge with phase-shifting converter, LLC resonant converter) a comprehensive analysis was carried out on the following characteristics: specific volume, specific weight, power, efficiency. The data obtained was the basis for the best technical option - LLC resonant converter. The results can serve as a guide material in the process of components design of the traction equipment for electric vehicles, providing for the best technical solutions in the design and manufacturing of converting equipment, self-contained power supply systems and advanced driver assistance systems.

Development of Self-contained Power Supply Systems for Traffic Management Equipment

This article describes the possibility of using self-contained power sources based on piezo-electric technology which converts kinetic energy of the traffic flow into electric which is located in an inner cavity of a speed bump. The purpose is to provide self-contained power supply system for equipment mounted near pedestrian crossings of children's and youths’ educational institutions. The article shows theoretical results of calculations of electro mechanic parameters for piezo-ceramics when a vehicle runs over it. We have developed an experimental setup to study the influence of mechanical pulse stresses on piezo-ceramic plates. We presented a design of self-contained power supply source based on piezo-electric technology.

Solar energy for self-contained power supply

Solar energy relevance in self-contained utility system as well as economic feasibility for each class of consumers considered. The article will outline utilising features of self-contained photovoltaic stations in Middle East and Northern Africa.

A methodology for the construction of efficient PLC based low-power photovoltaic generation plants

The research of the operation of low-power photovoltaic generation plants used for self-contained electric power supply in Siberian climaticconditions is performed in this paper. It provides an analysis of the operation of individual units of an automated control system, and givesrecommendations for the selection of hardware components. The article describes the operational principles, developed based on functionalmodules of the programmable logic controller, ensuring maximum possible use of solar energy in this continuous power supply system. The resultsof plant operation have been obtained, in the form of a power counter log, as well as data on the volume of solar energy produced in both overcastand in sunny weather, throughout the observation period. The article provides visual illustration of generated energy, which could be used to assessthe efficiency and economic viability of the low-power photovoltaic plant. Authors would like to point out that examples of the proposedmethodology for the construction of self-contained power supply systems can be found in existing industrial facilities, on which further scientificresearch can be based.

A methodology for the construction of efficient PLC based low-power photovoltaic generation plants

Abstract The research of the operation of low-power photovoltaic generation plants used for self-contained electric power supply in Siberian climatic conditions is performed in this paper. It provides an analysis of the operation of individual units of an automated control system, and gives recommendations for the selection of hardware components. The article describes the operational principles, developed based on functional modules of the programmable logic controller, ensuring maximum possible use of solar energy in this continuous power supply system. The results of plant operation have been obtained, in the form of a power counter log, as well as data on the volume of solar energy produced in both overcast and in sunny weather, throughout the observation period. The article provides visual illustration of generated energy, which could be used to assess the efficiency and economic viability of the low-power photovoltaic plant. Authors would like to point out that examples of the proposed methodology for the construction of self-contained power supply systems can be found in existing industrial facilities, on which further scientific research can be based.

Effect of Distributed Photovoltaic Generation on the Voltage Magnitude in a Self-Contained Power Supply System

A promising way to increase the technical and economic characteristics of standalone power supply systems is to incorporate renewable energy installations in their structure. This saves fuel and extends the operational life of diesel power stations. The most common option is a hybrid system with photovoltaic power stations incorporated into the local network of the diesel power station. This paper deals with the dependence of the deflection voltage and power losses in the electric power transmission line on the graphs of electrical loads, the parameters of elements of the power supply system, connection points and the capacity of distributed photovoltaic power stations. Research has been carried out on the common low-voltage power supply systems of the radial type (0.4 kV) with an installed capacity of up to 100 kW. The studies have been conducted by simulating the operating modes of hybrid power systems of various configurations. As a result of these studies recommendations to reduce losses and voltage variations in the network by selecting the power and photovoltaic power connection points have been put forward.

A universal digital platform for the construction of self-organizing wireless sensor networks for industrial safety and ecological monitoring systems

The design results of a universal digital platform intended for the construction of self-organizing wireless sensor networks of industrial safety and ecological monitoring systems are given. The design-manufacturing principles for the creation of miniature wireless sensor assemblies (WSAs), ensuring the integration of gas sensors of different types, their self-contained power supply, self-deployment of the sensor network, and design features of the miniature WSAs based on a specialized receiving–transmitting module, constructed in accordance with the up-to-date 2.5D assembly technique using a silicon substrate, are considered. The basic principle of the operation of highly sensitive WSA elements, which are intended for the determination of toxic and explosive gases, and the basic development principles of a smart power source integrated into the sensor assembly housing, which ensures its uninterrupted operation for a long time through the electric energy generation and accumulation units from alternative energy supply sources, are presented. Problems related to the development and remote automatic renovation of the WSA software, architecture of the server software for data acquisition, and analysis of industrial and ecological monitoring problems are considered.

Underlying Surface Remote Sensing by the Microwave Radiometer with High Measurement Rate

The paper describes a new approach to microwave radiometer design. The approach implies simultaneous using both modified zero measurement method and multi-receiver technique. Simultaneous using increases the operating characteristics of airborne microwave radiometers for aircrafts with self-contained power supply. The block diagram of the onboard Earth remote sensing microwave radiometric system is presented. The block diagram and operating timing diagrams of the designed radiometer are shown. An original technique to design a fiducial noise source for transfer characteristics is discussed. The advantages of the designed radiometer in comparison with the state of the art zero-type microwave radiometer are described.