Self-Consciousness Scale Research Articles

"Eating isn't just about paying attention-It's about the self-regulation of sensory attention while eating!": Exploring mindful eating by examining sensory attention and non-judgmental awareness in the context of eating cessation.

Background: Recent research has focused on several critical categories linked to eating cessation, including decreased food appeal (DFA), physical satisfaction (PS), planned amount (PA), self-consciousness (SC), and decreased priority of eating (DPE). However, how these factors connect to mindful eating remains unclear. Aim: The present study sought to re-examine the relationships between these categories using the Reasons Individuals Stop Eating Questionnaire (RISE-Q) and the Mindful Eating Behavior Scale-Trait (MEBS-T). The MEBS-T measures the self-regulation of sensory attention (SA) while eating, and comprises two subscales-SA and non-judgmental awareness (NJA)-that align with the principles and literature of mindful eating and mindfulness, and create a possible distinction between attentive vs. regulated or reoccurring attentive eating. Methods: A sample of 485 participants was recruited, and Pearson's correlations and multiple linear regressions were used to assess the associations between the MEBS-T and RISE-Q variables. Results: The results indicated a positive association between mindful eating and DFA, PS, and PA, supported by both the SA and NJA subscales. Additionally, unique relationships were observed between the SA and NJA subscales and the SC and DPE scales of the RISE-Q. Multiple linear regression analyses further confirmed these associations and highlighted an increased variance of NJA. Conclusion: The findings emphasize the significance of NJA in understanding the cessation of eating due to negative emotions and social comparison. The study also underlines the potential role of NJA in enhancing attentive eating and its relevance for weight regulation management strategies. Further research is warranted to explore the implications of these findings and their potential applications in improving mindful eating practices.

Mitigating Social Isolation Among Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: The Impact of Educational Level, Physical Activity, and Familial Support.

This study investigates the prevalence and determinants of social isolation in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, focusing on the influence of environmental systems and individual behaviors on their social well-being. We conducted a cross-sectional study from December 2023 to February 2024 at Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital. A total of 259 PD patients were enrolled using a consecutive sampling method. Data were collected via validated tools including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Lubben Social Network Scale-6 (LSNS-6), Family APGAR Questionnaire, and Social Anxiety Subscale of Self-Consciousness Scale (SASS-CS). Statistical analyses utilized Spearman correlation and multiple linear regression to identify factors associated with social isolation. The average score for social isolation was 11 (range 7-15). Significant predictors of social isolation included education level, physical inactivity, and normal hemoglobin concentrations. Social isolation was negatively correlated with family functionality and positively correlated with social anxiety. Regression analysis confirmed education, family functionality, and social anxiety as significant independent predictors of social isolation. Social isolation is common among PD patients, driven by factors such as education level, physical inactivity, and unexpectedly, normal hemoglobin levels linked to greater family isolation. Targeted interventions like education, physical activity promotion, and innovative therapies such as animal-assisted activities and social gardening can help reduce isolation and improve patient well-being.

Structure, network analysis, psychometric properties and clinical utility of the self-absorption scale in China

BackgroundSelf-absorption refers an excessive, persistent, and rigid preoccupation with information regarding the self. This study aims to introduce the Self-Absorption Scale (SAS) into China with an assessment of its latent variable structure, network structure, psychometric properties, and clinical utility in a nonclinical Chinese sample.Methods209 participants completed the translated SAS as well as the Short General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), rumination subscale of the Rumination-Reflection Questionnaire (RRQ), the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), the Private Self-Consciousness Scale (PrSCS), the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R) and the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES-II). In addition, 30 respondents completed the Chinese version of the SAS and retested it 2 weeks later.ResultsThe Chinese version of the SAS (CH-SAS) had a desirable two-correlated-factor structure with the reverse scored item removed, which was invariant across different genders. The core items in the network structure of the CH-SAS were related to excessive self-immersion, uncontrollability and anxiety aspects of self-absorption. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the CH-SAS was 0.903 while the McDonald’s omega coefficient was 0.916 and the test-retest reliability was 0.908. The CH-SAS and its two subscales had moderate positive correlations with the rumination subscale of the RRQ (ranging from 0.474 to 0.616; p < .001) and the GHQ-12 (ranging from 0.479 to 0.538; p < .001), and moderate negative correlations with the MAAS (ranging from − 0.413 to − 0.360; p < .001). The PrSCS has almost no correlation with the CH-SAS and PrSAS (p > .05), and its correlation with the PubSAS was significant at the 0.05 level, with a remarkably low correlation coefficient (r = .157). The hierarchical regression analysis suggested that the CH-SAS can significantly predict the severity of OCD beyond factors such as depression, anxiety, rumination, dissociation, and mindful attention awareness.ConclusionsThe CH-SAS demonstrates excellent reliability, including internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Additionally, it exhibits favorable structural validity, as well as strong evidence of convergent and divergent validity. Furthermore, the self-absorption measured using the CH-SAS contributed significantly to the prediction of OCD beyond other relevant psychological factors, suggesting its clinical utility.

Effect of self-consciousness on e-learning attitudes among high school students, Hyderabad, India

The study looks at the relationship between E-Learning attitudes and self-consciousness among high school students studying in Hyderbad City, an Indian metropolis, during the 2022-2023 academic year. The study had a total of 578 students (305 males and 273 females). Participants were given the Test of E-Learning Related Attitudes (TeLRA) and the Self-Consciousness Scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS 29.0 software. Pearson correlation and multiple regression analyses were used to determine the predictive role of self-consciousness in E-Learning Attitudes. A positive link was discovered between "self-consciousness" and "E-Learning attitude" among high school students. To compare groups based on demographic characteristics, we performed ndependent sample t-tests and one-way ANOVA. Female students had a significantly higher E-Learning attitudes score than male students (t= -4.78; p&lt;0.05). Students having a good educational background from their family had significantly higher E-Learning attitude scores than those without (t=3.4; p&lt;0.001). There were no significant variations based on the technology used during E-Learning or other demographic characteristics. Female students scored considerably higher on private self-consciousness (t=-4.96; p&lt;0.001), general self-consciousness (t=-6.37; p&lt;0.001), and social anxiety (t=-8.57; p&lt;0.001) than male students. Students with a family education history exhibited significantly higher general self-consciousness scores (t=2.39; p&lt;0.05) compared to those without E-Learning experience. The results were discussed, and recommendations for further scientific study were made.t (t=3.4; p&lt;0.001).

The effect of physical exercise on social adaptability in Chinese middle school students: The mediating role of social anxiety.

The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of physical exercise on the social adaptability of middle school students and further analyze the mediating role of social anxiety. A total of 1056 middle school students from 6 middle schools in Sichuan, China, voluntarily participated in the survey. The Physical Activity Rating Scale (PARS-3), Social Anxiety Subscale of the Self-Consciousness Scale, and Social Adaptability Scale were used in this study. The data obtained in this study were processed by SPSS 19.0 and Process 3.0. The results showed that physical exercise could positively predict social adaptability (b = 0.08, P < .05), and social anxiety played a mediation role between physical exercise and social adaptability (indirect effect = 0.11, 95% confidence interval = 0.066-0.150). Some practical implications have been discussed on the physical exercise intervention for promoting social adaptability in middle school students.

Impact of Forgiveness on Self-Consciousness and Empathy among Middle Aged Adults

Abstract: Exploring the impact of forgiveness on self-consciousness and empathy among middle-aged adults, this research investigates the relationship in a sample of N=100 individuals, evenly distributed between genders. The study utilizes the SelfConsciousness Scale Revised (SCS-R), the Boltan Forgiveness Scale, and the "Empathy: A Self-Assessment" 5-point Likert scale to gauge self-consciousness, forgiveness levels, and empathy, respectively. Through a systematic approach to sampling, the study aims to unveil potential correlations and influences. Preliminary analysis indicates a significant interplay between forgiveness, self-consciousness, and empathy among middle-aged adults. The study adopts Pearson’s product moment correlation and relevant statistical techniques through specialized software for a thorough exploration of the strength and direction of these relationships. The results are anticipated to contribute valuable insights to the understanding of how forgiveness impacts self-consciousness and empathy in this demographic. The research emphasizes the need for continued investigation into the multifaceted dynamics of forgiveness and its potential implications for psychosocial aspects among middleaged adults. Recommendations for future research include expanding the sample size for increased generalizability and integrating qualitative methodologies for a more nuanced exploration of the observed correlations.

Self-consciousness and trait anxiety influence music performance in high-pressure situations

High levels of mental pressure in musicians can lead to decrements in performance, but this effect may depend on individual dispositions. In this study, self-consciousness and trait anxiety were examined as predictors of decrements in performance in natural concert settings. The performance of 30 pianists was assessed in a condition without pressure (i.e., when playing alone) and in a condition with pressure (i.e., in a public concert). Audio recordings of the performances were evaluated on musical expression, technical precision, and overall performance by four independent jurors who were unaware of the condition in which they had been made. The differences between the pressure and no-pressure ratings were regressed on cognitive and somatic anxiety (assessed with an adaptation of the Competition Anxiety Inventory) as well as on public and private self-consciousness (assessed with the Self-Consciousness Scale). Participants performed better in the concert than when playing alone, despite increased state anxiety during the concert. The effect of the pressure condition on performance, however, was attenuated when participants scored high for private self-consciousness (i.e., the tendency to attend to one’s inner thoughts and feelings) but increased when they scored high for public self-consciousness (i.e., the tendency to see oneself from the outside as a social object). An attenuating effect of private self-consciousness emerged particularly for technical precision, whereas an enhancing effect of public self-consciousness emerged particularly for musical expression. The two subcomponents of self-consciousness were positively correlated, exerting a counteracting effect on overall performance ratings. Cognitive trait anxiety reduced performance quality, but only when somatic trait anxiety was not controlled for. The findings suggest a negative effect of inward-directed attention to the self (private self-consciousness) and a protective effect of habituation to outward-directed attention to the self as a social object (public self-consciousness) and may contribute to developing pedagogical activities or interventions to prevent fluctuations in performance.

The relationship between self-consciousness and depression in college students: the chain mediating effect of meaning life and self-efficacy, with the moderating effect of social support

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the impact of self-consciousness on depression of college students, and mainly focus on confirming the mediator role of life meaningful and self-efficacy, as well as the moderator role of social support.MethodsIn the present study, convenient sampling method was adopted, 583 college students were recruited from Harbin city and Wenzhou city in China. All students were assessed using self-assessment scales, including self-consciousness scale, life meaningful scale, self-efficacy scale, social support scale, and self-rating depression scale. Descriptive statistical analysis and correlation analysis, structural equation model analysis were conducted by SPSS 25.0 and M-plus.ResultsResults showed that self-consciousness was negatively related to depression, life meaningful and self-efficacy partially mediated the relation between self-consciousness and depression. Moderated mediation analysis further indicated that the relation between self-efficacy and depression were moderated bu social support. Compare with college students who had high social support, depression in those with low social support was more susceptible to the effect of self-efficacy.ConclusionThese findings imply that college students with low levels of self-consciousness are more easy to be depressive, enhancing their sense of life meaning and self-efficacy can effectively alleviate depression, and college student with high social support can benefit more from self-efficacy. Therefore we should pay more attention to the mental health problems of low levels self-consciousness college students in university.

Comparison of Meaning in Life and Self-control between Orphans and Non-orphans

Pakistan has a population of 200 million including 65.3 million children under the age of 14 years. Over 4.6 million children are orphans. The study was designed to investigate the comparison of meaning in life and self-control between orphan and non-orphan. Correlational research design was used. Survey was conducted as a method of data collection by using purpose sampling technique to select sample of study 240 orphans and non-orphans (n=121, n=119). The Meaning in Life Questionnaire (Steger et al., 2006) and The Self-Restraint subscale from the Adolescents’ Self-Consciousness Scale (Nie et al., 2014) was utilized to measure participants’ self-control ability. The collected data were analyzed on SPSS. Results indicate that there is positive relationship between meaning in life and self-control ability among orphans and non-orphans. Moreover, the findings of the study reveal that meaning in life is a significant positive predictor of self-control. In addition, the level of meaning in life and self-control significantly greater in non-orphans as compared to orphans. It is recommended that counseling should be provided to orphans to enhance the level of self-control ability and maiming in life.

Self-focused brain predictors of cognitive behavioral therapy response in a transdiagnostic sample

BackgroundEffective biomarkers of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) response provide information beyond available behavioral or self-report measures and may optimize treatment selection for patients based on likelihood of benefit. No single biomarker reliably predicts CBT response. In this study, we evaluated patterns of brain connectivity associated with self-focused attention (SFA) as biomarkers of CBT response for anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorders. We hypothesized that pre-treatment as well as pre-to post-treatment changes in functional connectivity would be associated with improvement during CBT in a transdiagnostic sample. MethodsTwenty-seven patients with primary social anxiety disorder (n = 14) and primary body dysmorphic disorder (n = 13) were scanned before and after 12 sessions of CBT targeting their primary disorder. Eligibility was based on elevated trait SFA scores on the Public Self-Consciousness Scale. Seed-based resting state functional connectivity associated with symptom improvement was computed using a seed in the posterior cingulate cortex of the default mode network. ResultsAt pre-treatment, stronger positive connectivity of the seed with the cerebellum, and stronger negative connectivity with the putamen, were associated with greater clinical improvement. Between pre-to post-treatment, greater anticorrelation between the seed and postcentral gyrus, extending into the inferior parietal lobule and precuneus/superior parietal lobule was associated with clinical improvement, although this did not survive thresholding. ConclusionsPre-treatment functional connectivity with the default mode network was associated with CBT response. Behavioral and self-report measures of SFA did not contribute to predictions, thus highlighting the value of neuroimaging-based measures of SFA. Clinical trials registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02808702 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02808702.

Associations between sexual violence and women's sexual self-consciousness.

Sexual violence is a global public health problem that has serious and multiple consequences for the victims' health. This study was conducted to determine associations between sexual violence and women's sexual self-consciousness. In the analytical cross-sectional study, 340 eligible married women of reproductive age who have been referred to comprehensive health centers of Rasht, participated. Simple random sampling followed by cluster sampling was used to reach eligible study participants. The data collection tool was a three-part questionnaire including a demographic information form, sexual violence questionnaire, and sexual self-consciousness scale. More than 66% of the participants in this study were exposed to sexual violence by their current spouses/partners. The highest prevalence of sexual violence was in the dimension of unwillingness to have sex (49%), and the lowest in the verbal dimension was 2.1%. Participants were 4.11 ± 5.18. There was a significant positive correlation between the total score of sexual violence and the total score of sexual self-consciousness of participants (P <0.001, r = 469). According to the findings, there is a significant positive correlation between SSC and sexual violence, so prevention policies for sexual violence should be focused on skill-based programs and empowering women.

The role of peer relationships and flow experience in the relationship between physical exercise and social anxiety in middle school students

The present study examined the relationship between physical exercise and social anxiety by testing a moderated mediation model that focused on how peer relationships mediate the relationship between physical exercise and social anxiety and how flow experience moderates this mediated relationship. A total of 1056 middle school students from six middle schools in Sichuan, China, volunteered to complete questionnaires comprising the Physical Activity Rating Scale, Student Peer Relationship Scale, Social Anxiety Subscale of the Self-Consciousness Scale, and Short (9-Item) Dispositional Flow Scales. Regression analysis indicated that physical exercise negatively influenced social anxiety through peer relationships (indirect effect = -0.04, 95% CI = [-0.067, -0.013]). In addition, a moderated regression analysis indicated that under high-flow experience, physical exercise suppresses social anxiety through positive effects on peer relationships (indirect effect = -0.04, 95% CI = [-0.087, -0.003]), and under low-flow experience, physical exercise exacerbates social anxiety through negative effects on peer relationships (indirect effect = 0.06, 95% CI = [0.016, 0.105]). Some practical implications have been discussed on the physical exercise intervention for suppressing social anxiety in middle school students.

The relationship between childhood maltreatment and social anxiety among Chinese male individuals with drug use disorders: a moderated mediation model of fear of negative evaluation and self-construals

BackgroundSocial anxiety (SA) is prevalent among individuals with drug use disorders, playing a significant role in the etiology and maintenance of drug addiction. The etiological model of SA suggests a link between the development of SA and childhood maltreatment. Childhood maltreatment not only acts as a complex trauma with negative effects on individuals’ selves and other cognitions but also exerts a negative influence through early negative parent–child interactions on individuals’ internal working models, leading to the development of fear of negative evaluation and SA. Furthermore, self-construals, as a personality trait that emerges from the framework of the theory of sociocultural models, may exert a moderating effect on these mechanisms. The present study utilized a moderated mediation model to examine how childhood maltreatment relates to SA in individuals with drug addiction, aiming to provide support for a comprehensive understanding and effective resolution of SA in this group.MethodsA total of 618 Chinese male individuals with drug addiction (M = 34.13, SD = 8.76) participated, and they completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Short Form, the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale, the Self-Consciousness Scale’s Social Anxiety Subscale, and the Self-Construal Scale. SPSS PROCESS Macro was used to analyze the data.ResultCorrelation analysis revealed weak correlations among all variables but strong correlations between the SCS subscales. Mediation analyses revealed that fear of negative evaluation partially mediated the association between childhood maltreatment and SA. Moderated mediation analyses revealed that the link between fear of negative evaluation and SA was moderated by independent self-construal. The association was stronger among those with high independent self-construal than among those with low independent self-construal. An integrative moderated mediation analysis indicated that independent self-construal positively moderated the indirect association between childhood maltreatment and SA via fear of negative evaluation. However, interdependent self-construal did not show a moderated effect.ConclusionFear of negative evaluation plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between childhood maltreatment and SA, while independent self-construal enhances the association between fear of negative evaluation and SA. Decreasing the fear of negative evaluation and intervening in self-construals may attenuate the association between childhood maltreatment and SA among Chinese male individuals with drug addiction.

Neck scar perception after neck dissection in HPV-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma

ImportanceWhile there has been an increased understanding of the impact of visible neck scars in some patients with certain diseases, this has not yet been explored in the HPV+ OPSCC population. ObjectiveTo understand patients' perception of their scar and the impact on their quality of life (QOL) at least 6 months after neck dissection (ND) for HPV+ oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). Design, setting, and participantsIn this retrospective case-control study, patients who underwent primary transoral robotic surgery (TORS) and ND for HPV+ OPSCC between 2016 and 2021 at a single tertiary care center were identified. Data analysis was performed in January 2022. Main outcomes and measuresDermatology Life Quality Index was modified (mDLQI) to assess patients' perceptions of their scars. The primary outcome was the mean mDLQI survey score with higher scores corresponding to worse perceptions. Three questions adapted from the Self-Consciousness Scale (SCS) were also included to assess awareness of appearance. All questions were scaled on a 0–3 Likert Scale. Tweedie generalized linear model was used to understand the relationship between mDLQI score and patient- and procedure-specific factors (including the three SCS survey questions). An additional exploratory logistic regression was performed to understand the risk factors for clinically significant mDLQI score change. ResultsA total of 67 patients (response rate 57 %) completed the survey with a mean mDLQI survey score of 0.84 (max 30). Although there was a statistically significant negative association between private insurance and mDLQI survey score (95 % Confidence Interval [CI]: −2.72 - -0.38), and a positive association between the SCS score and mDLQI survey score (95 % CI: 0.23–0.81) (p < 0.05), these variables were not found to be risk factors for a clinically significant difference in mDLQI on multivariable analysis. ConclusionThe majority of patients felt their neck scars did not interfere with their daily lives. Patient perceptions of neck scars were consistent despite differing patient characteristics and treatment regimens.

Emotionally focused therapy and psychological distance research on consumers with social anxiety disorder

BackgroundSocial anxiety disorder is characterized by avoidance of interpersonal relationships and a generalized impairment of emotion recognition and regulation. Protecting the individual’s consumer rights can be difficult when this emotion is expressed in consumer relationships. Compared with other therapies, Emotionally Focused Therapy focuses more on the individual’s emotional processing. Therefore, the study proposes to use emotion-focused therapy and psychological distance theory to intervene in patients with social anxiety disorder and help them better control their emotional management.Subjects and Methods Consumers with social anxiety disorder were selected as research subjects and randomly divided into an experimental group (conventional psychological intervention) and a control group (emotion-focused therapy combined with psychological distance-related theory), respectively, to provide reasonable guidance for individual emotions. Before and after the experiment, the results were analyzed with the help of the Social Anxiety Subscale of the Self-Consciousness Scale and SPSS23.0.ResultsAfter the experimental intervention, it was found that there was a statistically significant difference between the social anxiety scale scores of the two groups of patients (P&lt;0.05), and the total scale scores of the experimental group and the control group were (12.34 ± 4.28) and (18.17 ± 2.13), respectively.Conclusions Emotional aggregation therapy can better enable social anxiety disorder patients to focus more on their own emotions, and psychological distance theory research can invariably draw closer to the degree of closeness between the intervener and the interviewees so that the efficacy of the treatment has a high degree of applicability and effectiveness.

Psychometric Validation of the Portuguese Version of the Sexual Self-Consciousness Scale (SSCS)

The Sexual Self-Consciousness Scale (SSCS) is an instrument for assessing dispositional propensities for self-consciousness experienced in a sexual context, with wide application in both clinical and research settings. The objective of the current study was to test some psychometric characteristics of the Portuguese version of the SSCS using a convenience sample of 210 men and 210 women. Participants completed a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Portuguese version of the SSCS. A subsample of 87 participants was assessed at a second time point after a 2-week period for measuring test-retest reliability of the instrument. Confirmatory factor analysis identified two factors and replicated the structure of the original instrument. Measurement invariance was confirmed for men and women with overall index scores indicating a good fit in all models. Reliability analyses indicated that the factors possessed both satisfactory internal consistency and stability over time. The Portuguese version of the SSCS was shown to be a useful and adequate instrument to assess dispositional propensities for self-consciousness in sexual situations within the Portuguese-speaking population.

PERAN NEGATIVE SOCIAL COGNITION DAN SELF-FOCUSED ATTENTION TERHADAP GEJALA GANGGUAN KECEMASAN SOSIAL PADA EMERGING ADULT DI INDONESIA

A strong fear of one or more social situations where one might be subject to criticism and scrutiny from others is a sign of social anxiety disorder. Untreated social anxiety disorder symptoms have been linked to risky conduct, including risky sexual activity, abuse of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs, which peaks throughout the emerging adulthood stage. The key variables that contribute to the symptoms of social anxiety disorder are self-focused attention and negative social cognition, according to a number of cognitive theories. This study looked at the effects of self-focused attention and negative social cognition on social anxiety disorder symptoms in emerging adults in Indonesia. This study's design was a correlational study, and convenience sampling was used to choose participants who were between the ages of 18 and 25 and had at least a high school diploma. The Social Cognitions Questionnaire (SCQ), Self-Consciousness Scale (SCS), and Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) were made available online to gather data. There were 124 people in all that took part in the study. The results of the multiple regression test reveal that while self-focused attention is not connected with social anxiety, negative social cognition significantly contributes to it. To research the connection between self-focused attention and symptoms of social anxiety disorder in Eastern nations, cultural factors like self-construal can be looked into.

Sexuality during pregnancy: attitudes, self-efficacy and self-consciousness

ABSTRACT The study aimed to determine the relationship between sexual self-efficacy and sexual self-consciousness levels and pregnant women’s attitudes toward sexuality. The data of this descriptive, cross-sectional, and correlational study were collected from 318 pregnant women between September 2020 and May 2021. A personal information form and the Sexual Self-Efficacy (SSES), Sexual Self-Consciousness (SSCS) Scale, and Attitude toward Sexuality in Pregnancy Scale (AStSdP) were used to collect the data. Six out of ten pregnant women had a positive attitude toward sexuality during pregnancy, and their sexual self-efficacy (26.35 ± 6.71) and sexual self-consciousness (24.75 ± 9.10) levels were moderate. Participants’ AStSdP mean score had a moderate positive correlation with the SSES mean score, a low negative low level relationship with the SSCS mean score, and a moderate negative relationship with sexual shyness (p < .05). Risk factors for attitude toward sexuality during pregnancy were SSES total score (Odds Ratio [OR] = .90, 95 percent Confidence Interval [CI] = .86–.95), sexual shyness score (OR = 1.23, 95 percent CI = .901–1.02), and partner training (OR = 3.93, 95 percent CI = 1.58–9.77). Sexual self-consciousness, sexual shyness, and education level of the partner influenced pregnant women’s attitudes toward sexuality during pregnancy. Attitudes toward sexuality, sexual self-efficacy, and sexual self-consciousness levels of pregnant women should be determined in prenatal follow-ups.

HUBUNGAN SELF CONSCIOUSNESS DENGAN KUALITAS HIDUP REMAJA YANG MENGALAMI JERAWAT DI DESA KALI SELATAN KECAMATAN PINELENG

This study aims to determine the relationship between self-consciousness and quality of life in adolescents who experience acne in Kali Selatan village, Pineleng sub-district. This research uses quantitative methods. The subjects in this study were 48 adolescents who experienced acne in Kali Selatan village, Pineleng sub-district, using a saturated sample using a sampling technique. The research instrument is the WHOQOL-BREF (2004) scale and the self-consciousness scale (SCS-R) adapted from Scheier &amp; Carver (2003) which has been modified by researchers. Test the hypothesis using the Pearson correlation. The results of the hypothesis test showed the pattern of relationship between self-consciousness and quality of life is significant. This shows that the H1 hypothesis is accepted. The H1 hypothesis is that there is a relationship between self-consciousness and the quality of life of adolescents who experience acne in Kali Selatan Village, Pineleng District.

Self-consciousness and grit in rural adolescents: Moderation by self-esteem and mediation by achievement motivation

This study set out to explore the mediating role of achievement motivation and the moderating role of self-esteem in the association between self-consciousness and grit of adolescents. Participants were adolescent students from a Chinese rural middle school (n = 422; female = 58.8%; mean age = 14.13 years; SD = 1.61 years). They completed the Self-Consciousness Scale (SCS), the Grit Scale, the Achievement Motivation Scale (AMS), and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). The results showed that self-consciousness, achievement motivation, and self-esteem were significantly and positively related to grit. Further, self-consciousness was significantly associated with grit. Moderation-mediation modelling analysis results showed that achievement motivation significantly and indirectly mediated the relationship between self-consciousness and grit. The indirect effect of achievement motivation was significantly moderated by self-esteem, suggesting that with an increased level of self-esteem, self-consciousness effects on achievement motivation weakened. Both achievement motivation and self-esteem appeared to be mechanisms for increasing resilience in rural adolescent students.