Self-conscious Emotions Of Shame Research Articles

The Role of Environmental Sensitivity in the Relationship Between Childhood Maltreatment and Self-Conscious Emotions of Shame and Guilt: A Brief Report.

The association between childhood maltreatment and self-conscious emotions has been proven by the literature, but with limited attention to the specific moderating mechanisms involved. Highly sensitive individuals show emotional reactivity, ease of overstimulation, which make them more influenced by childhood maltreatment experiences. The study aims to test whether environmental sensitivity moderated the link between childhood maltreatment and self-conscious emotions of shame and guilt. The sample included 128 children referred for Oppositional Defiant Disorder (M age = 9.05; SD = 1.34). Results showed a significant interaction between maltreatment and environmental sensitivity on guilt and shame (B = 1.81, SE = .84, p < .05; B = 1.69, SE = .83, p < .05): highly sensitive children presented higher levels of shame and guilt following experiences of maltreatment as compared to low sensitive children. These findings may contribute to the literature on the role of environmental sensitivity as an individual trait moderating the effect of a contextual experience.

Relationship between Marital Commitment and Marital Satisfaction with Self-Conscious Emotions and Self-Coherence married female

Objective: This research aimed to examine the relationship between marital commitment and marital satisfaction with self-conscious emotions and self-coherence. Method: A descriptive correlation design was adopted. The sample consists of 160 married female students aged 20 to 65 years studying in Islamic Azad University in Tehran, selected by available method. Data collection tools included the Marital Commitment Questionnaire (MCQ), ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale (EMS), the Test of Self-Conscious Affect (TOSCA), and the Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient tests and multiple regression analysis. Results: The results showed that the self-conscious emotion of shame has a significant negative relationship with marital commitment and marital satisfaction of married women (p&lt;0.01), while the self-conscious emotion of guilt and self-coherence had a significant positive relationship with marital commitment and marital satisfaction of married women (p&lt;0.01). Also, the self-conscious emotion of shame (p&lt;0.05) and self-coherence (p&lt;0.01) can predict the marital commitment of married women. However, the self-conscious emotion of guilt did not contribute to the prediction of marital commitment of married women (p&gt;0.05). In addition, the self-conscious emotions of shame(p&lt;0.01) and guilt (p&lt;0.05), and self-coherence (p&lt;0.01) were predictors of married women's marital satisfaction. Conclusion: In total, self-conscious emotions and self-coherence were able to explain 25% of the changes in marital commitment and 34% of the changes in marital satisfaction of married women. As a result, feelings of shame and guilt as self-conscious emotions of married women and their psychological coherence to adapt and improve themselves in married life can predict their marital commitment and satisfaction.

Compliance and Self-Reporting During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Cultural Study of Trust and Self-Conscious Emotions in the United States, Italy, and South Korea.

The coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented health crisis. Many governments around the world have responded by implementing lockdown measures of various degrees of intensity. To be effective, these measures must rely on citizens’ cooperation. In the present study, we drew samples from the United States (N = 597), Italy (N = 606), and South Korea (N = 693) and examined predictors of compliance with social distancing and intentions to report the infection to both authorities and acquaintances. Data were collected between April 6th and 8th 2020. We investigated the role of cultural orientations of horizontal and vertical individualism and collectivism, self-conscious emotions of shame and guilt related to the infection and trust in the government’s action. Across all countries, vertical collectivism (VC) predicted stronger shame, whereas horizontal collectivism predicted stronger trust in the government. Only in the United States, VC was associated with stronger trust. Stronger feelings of shame predicted lower compliance and intentions to report the infection to both authorities and acquaintances. In contrast, guilt was associated with stronger intentions to report the infection to the authorities. Finally, trust was associated with stronger compliance and intentions to report the infection to the authorities. Unlike Italy and South Korea, the association between trust on compliance was not statistically significant in the United States, implications of the findings, and directions for future research are discussed.

Shame and guilt as mediators between dispositional optimism and symptom severity among mental health outpatients

ABSTRACT Dispositional optimism is robustly associated with psychological wellbeing, and individuals with lower optimism tend to experience more depressive and anxiety symptoms. While mechanisms in this relationship such as coping and social integration have been explored, limited research has examined whether the self-conscious emotions of shame and guilt account for the association between dispositional optimism and psychological distress. The present study examined shame and guilt as mediators in the relation between dispositional optimism and depressive and anxiety symptom severity among 137 patients (M age = 33.5, SD = 12.08 years) seeking community-based mental health care. Mediation analyses using bootstrap 99% confidence intervals indicated significant mediation by guilt––but not shame––in the model predicting depressive symptoms, and significant mediation by shame––but not guilt––in the model predicting anxiety symptoms. These findings suggest differential effects of dispositional optimism on depressive and anxiety symptoms according to the predominance of shame- or guilt-related affects. Interventions seeking to reduce distress through promoting optimism may be enhanced by considering patients’ experiences of shame and guilt.

Who Am I, and Who Do I Strive to Be? Applying a Theory of Self-Conscious Emotions to Medical Education.

The self-conscious emotions of shame, guilt, and pride are a distinct set of cognitively complex, powerful, and ubiquitous emotions that arise when an individual engages in self-evaluation. Currently, little is known about the influence or outcomes of self-conscious emotions in medical learners. In this article, the authors present a leading theory of self-conscious emotions that outlines the appraisals and attributions that give rise to and differentiate shame, guilt, and two forms of pride. The authors then apply the theory to three relevant topics in medical education: perfectionism, professional identity formation, and motivation. In doing so, the authors present novel ways of viewing these topics through the lens of self-conscious emotion, suggest areas of future research, and outline a framework for emotional resilience training. Ultimately, the goal of this article is to highlight the fundamental nature of shame, guilt, and pride, which the authors believe are underappreciated and understudied in medical education, and to inform future empirical study on the role that these emotions might play in medical education. Additionally, from a practical standpoint, this article aims to encourage educators and learners to recognize self-conscious emotions in themselves and their colleagues, and to begin developing more resilient approaches to learning-approaches that acknowledge and confront shame, guilt, and pride in medical education.

How do children deal with socio-moral conflicts? Self-conscious emotions and conflict resolution in the narratives of institutionalized and noninstitutionalized children

IntroductionSelf-conscious emotions play an important role in children's psychosocial functioning. ObjectiveTo examine how institutionalized children who have been abused and noninstitutionalized children solve socio-moral conflicts and evoke self-conscious emotions to deal with these conflicts. MethodOne hundred children aged 5 to 8 years old (50 placed in residential care after abuse and 50 nonabused living with their biological families) were asked to solve the socio-moral conflicts enacted by a set of five story-stems. ResultsInstitutionalized children describe less adjusted resolutions and less pride in their narratives than noninstitutionalized children do. Children maltreatment revealed no effect on self-conscious emotions of shame and guilt. ConclusionMaltreatment influences the way children use their emotional and social resources to deal with socio-moral conflicts.

The relationship between attachment, the selfconscious emotions of shame and guilt &amp; problem behavior in adolescents

A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the relationship between attachment, the self-conscious emotions of shame and guilt, and problem behavior in adolescents. The study was performed in clinical adolescents aged 13-18 years (N = 31) who had been in contact with the Child Care and Protection Agency. They completed questionnaires measuring shame and guilt, the quality of the attachment relationship and the extent of problem behavior. Results demonstrated that communication, a positive dimension of attachment, was positively associated with various forms of shame and guilt. It was found that trust in parents and peers was associated with a higher extent of conduct problems and hyperactivity. Results also revealed that guilt (unambiguous) was positively correlated with pro-social behavior. Shame (ambiguous) was positively associated with emotional symptoms. Regression analysis showed that both age and gender accounted for an independent and significant proportion of the variance in children’s problem behavior. Altogether, these results fit with the theory that attachment (in)security is involved in the extent of problem behavior and people’s proneness to experience self-conscious emotions.

Relations Among Behavioral Inhibition, Shame- and Guilt-Proneness, and Anxiety Disorders Symptoms in Non-clinical Children

This study examined relationships between the self-conscious emotions of shame and guilt, behavioral inhibition (as an index of anxiety proneness), and anxiety disorder symptoms in non-clinical children aged 8-13years (N=126), using children's self-report data. Results showed that there were positive and significant correlations between shame and guilt, behavioral inhibition, and anxiety disorders symptoms. When controlling for the overlap between shame and guilt, it was found that shame (but not guilt) remained significantly associated with higher levels of anxiety proneness and anxiety symptoms. Further, when controlling for the effect of behavioral inhibition, shame still accounted for a significant proportion of the variance of total anxiety and generalized anxiety scores. For these anxiety problems, support emerged for a model in which shame acted as a partial mediator in the relation between behavioral inhibition and anxiety. These results indicate that the self-conscious emotion of shame is a robust correlate of anxiety pathology in children.

Medicine and Mind-Body Dualism: A Reply to Mehta's Critique.

Neeta Mehta recently advanced the thesis that medical practice is facing a crisis today. In her paper “Mind-body dualism: a critique from a health perspective” she attributes the crisis to the philosophy of Descartes and set out to understand why this dualism is still alive despite its disavowal from philosophers, health practitioners and lay people. The aim of my reply to her critique is three-fold. First, I draw attention to a more fundamental problem and show that dualism is inescapable—scientifically and commonsensically. I then focus on the self-conscious emotions of shame, guilt and remorse, and argue that the self is not identical with a brain. The third section draws attention to the crisis in psychiatry and stipulates some of the main reasons why this is so. Contrary to Mehta's thesis, the health profession faces a crisis because of physicalism and biological reductionism.

Negative Rumination, Self-conscious Emotions, and Self-oriented Perfectionism

This study investigated the relationship among negative rumination, self-conscious emotions of shame, guilt, and envy, and four factors of self-oriented perfectionism: desire for perfection, personal standard, concern over mistakes, and doubt of actions. One hundred and forty eight (148) university students completed a questionnaire. Results showed that shame and envy had a positive correlation with negative rumination. Also, covariance structure analysis suggested that concern over mistakes led to negative rumination, which was mediated by envy. Implications of the present findings and future research directions are discussed.