Self-adhering Resin Composite Research Articles

Effect of Different Adhesive Strategies on the Microshear Bond Strength of Calcium-Silicate-Based Materials

Aim: To evaluate the microshear bond strength (µSBS) of mineral trioxide aggregate and Biodentine to various resin-based materials using different adhesive strategies. Materials and Methods: Three resin-based materials—a self-adhering resin composite with or without acid etching (Vertise flow; Kerr, Orange, CA, USA), a conventional flowable composite with a total-etch adhesive (Filtek Ultimate Flowable; 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA), and a flowable resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) without any surface modification (Ionoseal; VOCO GmbH, Cuxhaven, Germany)—and two calcium-silicate-based materials—Biodentine and BIOfactor mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)—were tested. A total of 100 cylindrical acrylic molds were prepared. Biodentine and BIOfactor MTA were prepared and placed into the central holes on the molds. Specimens were divided into two main groups according to materials and into five subgroups ( n = 10). µSBS were evaluated using a µSBS testing device. The failure modes were examined under a stereomicroscope with magnification. They were categorized as adhesive, cohesive, or mixed. Data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test. The significance level was taken as α = 0.05. Results: It was observed that both calcium-silicate-based material type and resin-based material type influenced the µSBS significantly according to two-way ANOVA. Biodentine exhibited higher bond strength values than MTA. However, no statistically significant interaction was demonstrated between these factors ( P = .396). The µSBS values of intermediate materials to Biodentine and MTA were listed from the lowest to the highest as follows: RMGIC < Acid Etch + RMGIC < SARC (self-adhering resin composite) < FC (flowable composite) < Acid Etch + SARC. Conclusion: Self-adhering composites can be used on calcium-silicate-based materials in vital pulp treatments because of their mechanical properties. Acid-etching ensures high µSBS values. Although the µSBS of Biodentine were higher than MTA according to this study’s results, there was no statistically significant difference in µSBS of FC and acid-etched SARC to MTA.

Comparative Analysis of the Shear Bond Strength of Flowable Self-Adhering Resin-Composites Adhesive to Dentine with a Conventional Adhesive

This study aimed to measure and compare the Shear Bond Strength (SBS) of a self-adhering flowable resin composite to dentin with a conventional flowable composite, and evaluate the various modes of failure. Thirty (n=30) human premolar teeth were randomly allocated to two groups (Group I: Vertise Flow; Group II: Filtek Ultimate) of 15 specimens each, and SBS was measured for specimens from each group by applying shear load using a Universal Testing Machine (UTM). Modes of failure were observed with an optical microscope. An independent samples T test was performed to test the Levene’s assumption of homogeneity of variance across both groups, with the critical value set at 0.05. The results revealed, that the self-adhering flowable composite (Group I: VertiseTM Flow) resulted in lower shear bond strength as compared with the conventional flowable resin composite (Group II: Filtek Ultimate). Moreover, group I predominantly exhibited non-cohesive failure which reflects a poor bonding to dentin. On the other hand, Group II showed mixed failure for most of the samples, which demonstrate strong adhesive bonding. Therefore, it could be concluded that the self-adhering flowable resin composite (Group I) results in lower SBS to dentin as compare with conventional flowable composite.

Comparative Analysis of the Shear Bond Strength of Flowable Self-Adhering Resin-Composites Adhesive to Dentin with a Conventional Adhesive

This study aimed to measure and compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of a self-adhering flowable resin composite to dentin with a conventional flowable composite, and evaluate the various modes of failure. Thirty human premolar teeth (n = 30) were randomly allocated to two groups (Group I: Vertise™ Flow; Group II: Filtek Ultimate + Single Bond Universal) of 15 specimens each, and SBS was measured for specimens from each group by applying a shear load using a universal testing machine (UTM). Modes of failure were observed with an optical microscope. An independent-samples T-test was performed to test Levene’s assumption of homogeneity of variance across both groups, with the critical value set at 0.05. The results revealed, that the self-adhering flowable composite (Group I: Vertise™ Flow) resulted in a lower shear bond strength compared with the conventional adhesive system composite (Group II: Filtek Ultimate + Single Bond Universal). Moreover, group I predominantly exhibited non-cohesive failure, which reflects poor bonding to dentin. On the other hand, Group II showed mixed failure for most of the samples, which demonstrated strong adhesive bonding. Therefore, it could be concluded that the self-adhering flowable resin composite (Group I) results in lower SBS to dentin compared with a conventional adhesive system.

Hydrolytic and Biological Degradation of Bulk-fill and Self-adhering Resin Composites.

This study aimed to evaluate the hydrolytic degradation (in vitro) and biodegradation (in situ) of different resin composites: bulk-fill (XTra Fill, XTF/VOCO; Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fil, TBF/ Ivoclar Vivadent), self-adhering (Vertise Flow, VTF/ Kerr; Fusio Liquid Dentin, FUS/ Pentron Clinical), and a conventional resin composite (Filtek Z250, Z250/ 3M ESPE), which was used as a control. Seventy-five cylindrical specimens (7 × 1 mm) were desiccated and immersed into distilled water (DW), artificial saliva (AS), and 0.1 M lactic acid (LA) (n=5) for 180 days. Specimens were weighed after 180 days, after which they were desiccated again. The sorption (μg/mm3) and solubility (μg/mm3) were calculated based on ISO 4049. For the in situ phase, an intraoral palatal device containing five cylindrical specimens (5 × 1.5 mm) was used by 20 volunteers for seven days. Surface roughness was evaluated before and after this period to analyze the superficial biodegradation. Sorption and solubility data were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare roughness at different observation times. The statistical significance for all tests was considered α=0.05. For in vitro, self-adhering resin composites (VTF and FUS) showed, respectively, higher sorption values independent of the solution (62.55 and 50.81 μg/mm3 in DW, 67.26 and 50.46 μg/mm3 in AS, and 64.98 and 59.86 μg/mm3 in LA). Self-adhering VTF also had a greater solubility value in DW (22.18 μg/mm3) and FUS in LA (65.87 μg/mm3). In AS, the bulk-fill resin composite XTF showed higher solubility (22.13 μg/mm3). All resins were biodegraded, but the XTF specimens were more resistant (p=0.278) to chemical attack. The self-adhering resin composites showed the highest hydrolytic degradation, and the bulk-fill resin composites exhibited comparable or superior results to the conventional resin composites. Not all resin composites underwent biodegradation in the in situ environment. The storage environment influenced the final characteristics of each material tested.

Comparison of self-adhering flowable composite microleakage with several types of bonding agent in class V cavity restoration

The aim of the present study was to compare the marginal seal of self-adhering flowable composite resin with three universal bonding systems using the self-etch technique in Cl V cavities at enamel and dentin margins. In this in vitro study, Cl V cavities were prepared on the buccal surfaces of forty premolars, with the occlusal margin of each cavity on enamel and gingival margin on dentin. The teeth were divided into four groups (n = 10) in terms of the adhesive used; Group 1: Vertise Flow (VF) self-adhering composite resin, Group 2: Clearfil S3 Bond Universal (CS3BU), Group 3: G-Premio Bond (GPB), Group 4: Single Bond Universal (SBU). In Groups 2, 3, and 4, Z350 flowable composite resin was used to restore the cavities. After thermocycling, the samples were immersed in 10% methylene blue for 24 h and evaluated under a stereomicroscope after buccolingual sectioning; microleakage at enamel and dentin margins was recorded. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used for statistical analyses. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.5. Vertis Flow self-adhering composite resin exhibited significantly higher microleakage at enamel and dentin margins compared to SBU and CS3BU; however, it had significantly less microleakage at enamel margin compared to GPB (P < 0.05). At the enamel and dentin margins, the minimum microleakage values were recorded at SBU and CS3BU margins, respectively. GPB exhibited the highest microleakage values among the groups evaluated and in all the groups, microleakage at dentin and enamel margins was significantly different (P < 0.05) except for SBU group. The marginal sealing ability of self-adhering flowable composite resin at enamel and dentin margins was poor compared to the majority of bonding agents evaluated.

Mechanical properties of contemporary resin composites determined by nanoindentation

Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the Young's modulus (E) and nanohardness (H) of recently developed high viscosity bulk-fill and self-adhering resin composites by using nanoindentation technique. The effect of water aging on these properties was also studied. Materials and methods Four resin composites that fall into the categories of conventional (Filtek Z250 XT; FZ), high viscosity bulk-fill (Filtek Bulk-Fill Restorative Posterior), flowable (Filtek Supreme Ultra Flowable), and self-adhering flowable (Vertise Flow) were evaluated in this study. Ten disc specimens (5 mm × 2 mm) were prepared from each material. After polishing, half the specimens of each material (n = 5) were dry stored and the other half stored in distilled water for 30 days at 37°C. The E and H were determined by nanoindentation test using Bruker CETR-Apex nanoindenter. Ten indentations were made on top surface of each specimen. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance and paired t-test. Results All materials were significantly different from each other regarding both E and H in both testing circumstances. A 30-day water storage caused a significant decrease in E and H of all tested composites except for Filtek Bulk-Fill Restorative Posterior, where its E increased and its H not affected. There was a positive correlation between E and H. Conclusion Generally, both E and H were significantly increased when the filler content increased and they were significantly affected by 30-day water aging. E and H were affected not only by the filler content but also by the quality of resin matrix particularly after water storage.

Shear bond strengths of brackets bonded with a new self-adhering resin composite.

To determine the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets bonded with a self-adhering resin composite. 45 freshly extracted mandibular incisors were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 15 per group). Brackets were bonded with 3 bonding systems and cured with an LED light. Brackets were bonded with a new self-adhering resin cement in the study group. A conventional etch-and-rinse adhesive system and a self-etching adhesive system were used for comparison. After bonding, the SBS of the brackets were tested with a universal testing machine. Analysis of variance indicated a significant difference between groups (p&lt;0.001). The highest values for SBS were measured in group I (21.80 ± 2.57 MPa). The SBS was significantly lower in groups II and III than in group I (P&lt;.001). The lowest values for SBS were measured in group III (5.90 ± 0.90 MPa). SBS was significantly higher in group II than in group III (p&lt;0.001). The self-adhering adhesive system showed a clinically insufficient SBS, whereas the SBS of conventional etch-and-rinse adhesive system and the self-etching adhesive system were significantly higher and clinically sufficient.

Bonding and sealing ability of a new self-adhering flowable composite resin in class I restorations

The aim of this study is to assess by means of shear bond strength tests (SBS), microleakage analysis (μLKG), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) the bonding potential and sealing ability of a new self-adhering composite resin. SBS and μLKG of Vertise Flow (VF, Kerr) were measured and compared to the all-in-one adhesive systems G-Bond (GB, GC), AdheSE One (AO, Ivoclar Vivadent), Adper Easy Bond (EB, 3M ESPE), Xeno V (XV, Dentsply), and iBOND (iB, Heraeus Kulzer). For each system, 20 molars were tested for SBS on dentin (n = 10) and enamel (n = 10). For μLKG assessment, 12 premolars per group were selected and small, box-shaped cavities were made. After restoration, the teeth were immersed in 50 wt% silver nitrate solution for 24 h. For each group, 10 randomly selected specimens were processed for leakage calculations, while two of the specimens were examined under SEM. Between-group differences in SBS to dentin and μLKG were assessed using Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance followed by the Dunn's Multiple Range test. Enamel SBS data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA, followed by the Tukey test. On dentin and enamel, VF recorded the lowest SBS values that were statistically comparable to those measured by GB, iB, and AO. μLKG analysis showed the lowest percentage of stained interface for VF. Significantly greater extent of infiltration was seen for iB and EB. Although VF resulted in lower bond strengths values on either dental substrate, better marginal sealing ability was visualized in comparison with all-in-one adhesive systems. The results of the present study demonstrated satisfactory in vitro outcome of the self-adhering flowable composite resin VF when used to restore class I cavities.

The Effect of Surface Pre-Treatment on the Microtensile Bond Strength of Self-Adhering Composite Resin

본 연구는 최근 소개된 자가 접착 저점도 레진인 Dyad flow의 법랑질 및 상아질의 치면 전처리여부에 따른 미세인장결합강도를 비교 연구하였다. 본 실험을 위해 24개의 상하악 대구치를 치면의 전처리방법에 따라 8개의 군으로 나누었다. E1,D1군은 치면의 전처리과정없이, E2군은 인산처리, D2군은 conditioning, E3,D3군에서는 Optibond All-in-one, E4,D4군에서는 Clearfil SE bond로 치면의 전처리 과정을 시행한 이후 각각 Dyad flow를 적층 충전하였다(E군; 법랑질군, D군; 상아질군). 24시간 동안 실온의 증류수에 보관한 후 각 그룹당 15개의 시편을 준비하였다. 모든 시편의 미세인장결합강도와 파절양상를 측정하여 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 제조회사의 지시에 따라 Dyad flow만을 적용한 E1군과 D1군에서는 시편을 제작하는 과정에서 모두 파절되어 미세인장결합강도를 측정할 수 없었다. 법랑질 표면 처리방법에 따른 시편의 미세인장결합강도는 E2군이 가장 낮은 값을, E3군이 가장 높은 값을 나타냈으며, E2군은 E3군과 E4군에 대하여 유의하게 낮은 값을 나타내었다(p<0.05). 상아질 표면 처리방법에 따른 시편의 미세인장결합강도는 D2군이 가장 낮은 값을, D3군이 가장 높은 값을 나타냈으며, D2군은 D3군과 D4군에 대하여 유의하게 낮은 값을 나타내었다(p<0.05). 파절양상은 대부분 접착성 파절을 보였고 일부는 응집성파절을 보였다.