Self-adhering Flowable Composite Research Articles

Cyclic shear fatigue of orthodontic brackets bonded to enamel using self-adhering flowable composites

BackgroundSelf-adhering composites are claimed to bond to teeth without prior acid etching and bonding steps. This study aimed to evaluate the cyclic shear fatigue (CSF) of metal orthodontic brackets bonded to enamel using self-adhering flowable composites (Constic and VertiseTM Flow) in comparison with that of total-etch and self-etch adhesives. Materials and methodsTwenty-five human premolars comprising 100 surfaces were randomly divided into four groups (n = 25): total-etch, self-etch, Constic, and VertiseTM Flow. A total of 10 surfaces were used per group for baseline static shear bond strength (SSBS) evaluation and 15 surfaces for CSF evaluation. Each tooth was treated with the four bonding agents. Both SSBS and CSF were evaluated using a universal testing machine. For CSF, the staircase method was used with an initial pulling load equivalent to 60% of the SSBS of each group for 1000 cycles or until failure. The adhesive remaining index (ARI) was evaluated for surviving samples using a stereomicroscope. Statistical analysisA one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test was used to analyze the CSF data, and a chi-square test was used to analyze the ARI. ResultsThe total-etch adhesive showed significantly higher CSF values than that of the other groups (p < 0.001). Both total-etch (10.78 ± 0.31 MPa) and self-etch (6.75 ± 0.91 MPa) adhesives showed significantly higher CSF than did Constic (1.94 ± 0.31 MPa) and VertiseTM Flow (2.01 ± 0.25 MPa), (p < 0.001). The ARI indicated that more resin remnants were observed with the total-etch and self-etch adhesives than those with the self-adhering flowable composites. However, no significant differences were observed among groups (p > 0.05). ConclusionsTotal-etch and self-etch adhesives showed satisfactory bond strengths for orthodontic treatment. However, Constic and VertiseTM Flow self-adhering flowable composites may not be clinically sufficient for bonding metallic orthodontic brackets to enamel.

Evaluation of the effect of mechanical alteration of enamel surface on shear bond strength of self-adhering composites utilizing different adhesive modalities

Abstract Background: Self-adhering flowable composite (SAC), which has currently been launched, is said to be postoperatively responsive and less technique-reactive than previous materials. Clinical demands for bonding to undamaged, modified, or prepared enamel surfaces—which may attach differently with adhesive resins—often accompany restorative demands. Very little information was available for SAC. Aim: This study was carried out to determine the impact of mechanical enamel surface modification on shear strength properties in various bonding procedures. Materials and Methods: The three groups of prepared enamel surfaces (group A, n = 60), unprepared enamel surfaces (group B, n = 60), and prepared enamel surfaces plus etch-and-rinse (group C, n = 20), which served as the control group, were randomly assigned to the 140 constructed samples. Subgroups A1, B1 (nanohybrid composite + self-etch), A2, B2 (self-adhering composite), and A3, B3 (self-adhering composite + self-etch) were created from groups A and B, respectively (n = 40). Composite resin cylinders with the unique bonding protocols of each group were created using Teflon ring molds. Testing for shear bond strength was done, and information was examined. Results: The control group C was found to have the highest mean shear bond strength (29.77 MPa), whereas subgroup B2 had the lowest mean shear bond strength (8.4 MPa). For all adhesive techniques, shear bond strength values for prepared enamel surfaces were considerably greater than those for unprepared enamel surfaces (P &lt; 0.01). The following were the mean shear bond strength values: C &gt; A1 &gt; A3 &gt; A2 &gt; B1 &gt; B3 &gt; B2. Conclusions: Shear bond tensile properties on prepared enamel surfaces were higher than those of unprepared enamel surfaces. Higher shear bond strength values of the self-adhering composite in prepared and unprepared enamel surfaces were produced by using a self-etch agent first.

Internal and marginal adaptation of self-adhesive and flowable composite resins

Purpose This in vitro study evaluated the internal and marginal adaptability of different composite resins in class V cavities. Materials and methods Thirty human maxillary premolars were selected. Trapezoidal class V were prepared on buccal surface. Flowable, self-adhering flowable and nanohybrid composites were applied following their manufacture instructions, in groups I, II and III respectively. Specimens were subjected to 500 thermal cycles and then examined under a stereomicroscope to determine the marginal gap width. All specimens were then sectioned buccolingually into two sections to detect and measure the internal gap width. Results The highest mean value of occlusal gap was recorded for Group II followed by Group I while the lowest value was recorded in Group III. Similar results were found regarding the cervical margins, with no statistically significant difference between the groups. Comparing occlusal versus cervical marginal gap a highly significance difference was recorded in each group. The highest internal mean gap width was recorded in Group III, followed by Group II while the lowest in Group I, with no significant difference between them. Conclusion All tested materials showed satisfactory marginal adaptation with no significant benefits of the self-adhesive composite. The nano hybrid composite showed the best marginal adaptation while the flowable composite showed the best internal adaptation.

Evaluation of Self-Adhering Flowable Composites on Repeated Bracket Bonding Process: An In Vitro Study

Duration of orthodontic treatment becomes major concern. The present study compared shear bond strength (SBS) and adhesive remnant index (ARI) values of different adhesive systems with different application methods on rebonding process of retrieved orthodontic brackets. Eighty premolar teeth were equally divided into five groups. Transbond XT (TXT) which belongs to total-etch system was used in Group 1 as the control group. Nova Compo-SF (NC) and Vertise Flow (VF) (Kerr Dental, Italy) which are self-adhering flowable composites were used in Group 2 (NC+etch) and Group 3 (VF+etch) respectively with additional etching before application. Group 4 (NC) and Group 5 (VF) were used by following instructions of each brand. The brackets were debonded with a bracket removing plier and rebonded with the same procedures after sandblasting of the bracket and surface cleaning of the enamel. SBS and ARI were measured for each sample. Comparison between all groups was performed by Kruskal-Wallis test and chisquare test. The highest SBS was observed in NC+etch (median = 11.44, mean = 13.49±9.42), followed by NC (median = 10.17, mean = 11.35±6.55), TXT (median = 6.36, mean = 8.06±6.33), VF+etch (median = 5.68, mean = 6.75±4.58), and VF (median = 2.62, mean = 2.92±2.57), respectively. ARI 1 was observed in 81.3% of TXT whereas 62.5% of NC+etch. ARI 1, 2, and 3 were equally distributed in VF+etch group (31.3%). ARI 5 was observed in 37.5% of NC and 62.5% of VF. Analyses referred to statistically significant differences between five groups regarding both SBS and ARI (p &lt; 0.001). As NC showed the highest SBS on rebonding process, it can be a promising alternative to TXT which is the gold standard.

Reinforcing the cervical dentin with bonded materials to improve fracture resistance of endodontically treated roots.

Introduction:Endodontic procedure leads to the loss of tooth structure resulting in fractures. Intraorifice barriers of bonded restorative materials placed in the cervical third of tooth may help in increasing fracture resistance.Materials and Methods:Human mandibular premolars (n = 75) underwent decoronation to adjust working length at 14 mm and prepared up to F3. They were obturated using gutta-percha and resin sealer AH-Plus and randomly divided into five groups (n = 15), Group 1: Control obturated with gutta-percha only. Groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 had placement of intraorifice barriers after the removal of 3 mm coronal gutta-percha such that Group 2: RMGI, Group 3: Self-adhering flowable composite, Group 4: Bulkfill Flowable Composite, and Group 5: mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). Mounting of specimens was done in acrylic resin to expose coronal 3 mm and tested using the universal testing machine.Results:Group 1 (control) showed least fracture strength among all groups. Among those with intraorifice barriers, Group 2 Resin-modified glass ionomer cement showed maximum fracture resistance followed by Group 4 (Bulkfill composite) and Group 5 (self-adhering flowable composite) and least by Group 5 (MTA).Conclusion:The type of intraorifice barrier had a significant impact on root fracture resistance.

Comparative clinical evaluation of a self-adhering flowable composite with conventional flowable composite in Class I cavity: An in vivo study.

Context:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of self-adhering flowable composite with that of a time-tested conventional flowable composite. Since the self-adhering composite reduces chair time and is convenient to use, its clinical behavior was monitored for a year.Aim:This study aimed to evaluate the clinical behavior of self-adhering flowable composite – Fusio Liquid Dentin – in small-sized Class I cavities and also to compare it with conventional flowable composite – Tetric N-Flow – bonded to the tooth structure with fifth-generation two-step-etch-and-rinse adhesive.Subjects and Methods:A total of 60 cavities were restored using flowable composite materials (30 cavities in each group) and evaluated at baseline, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year with modified United States Public Health Service criteria. The statistical analysis for the study was done using Fisher's exact test for intergroup comparison and Chi-square test for intragroup comparison. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results:Statistically no significant differences were observed in Fusio Liquid Dentin restorations during the recall visits. Statistically significant differences were found in color match evaluated for Tetric restorations during the recall visits.Conclusion:Based on the data acquired, the novel self-adhering composite material demonstrated good clinical behavior. As a result, at this point in the prospective clinical study, the use of Fusio Liquid Dentin to repair Class I cavities is acceptable.

Spectrophotometric Analysis of Different Flowable Restorative Materials

To compare the color change of three flowable composites after exposure to staining solutions. A total of 240 oval samples were constructed of conventional flowable resin composite, self-adhesive flowable resin composite, and nanohybrid flowable ormocer (n = 80). Each set was further subcategorized into three subsets as regards staining solution. The baseline color parameters were recorded using spectrophotometer after the immersion of the specimens in artificial saliva for 24 hours. Then, the measurements were taken again after exposure to staining solutions where the color change was measured as ΔE* = V (ΔL*2 + Δa*2 + Δb*2). Conventional flowable resin composite had the best color stability in all staining solutions. The coffee was concluded to be the most staining solution. Compared to beverages, mouthwashes had a greater discoloration effect on nanohybrid flowable ormocer than on selfadhesive flowable composite. Conventional flowable composite had the highest color stability among the tested materials, followed by flowable nanohybrid ormocer, and the least was self-adhering flowable composite. Coffee had the greatest discoloration effect, followed by a sports drink and then the energy drink. However, mouthwashes did not have a significant discoloration effect. Selection of flowable composite materials that are resistant to staining by coffee, beverages, or mouthwashes is an important factor that may influence the sustainability of the esthetic quality of the restoration.

Assessment of Penetration Depth and Microleakage of Different Pit and Fissure Sealants Using Dye Penetration Method: An In Vitro Study

The aim of this study was to evaluate the depth of penetration as well as the microleakage of three different pit and fissure sealant materials employing the dye penetration method. Sixty healthy human mandibular premolar teeth without dental caries that were extracted for orthodontic treatment constituted the study samples. These 60 premolar samples were subjected to an equal division (20 in every group) into three groups. Group I: self-adhering flowable composite, group II: flowable nanocomposites, group III: classical pit and fissure sealants. Every sample tooth underwent thermocycling amid 4°C ± 2°C and 60°C ± 2°C for 1,000 cycles. The samples were placed in 1% methylene blue solution for 24 hours to permit diffusion of the dye into probable gaps in between the restoration and the tooth. The teeth were sectioned and evaluated below a stereomicroscope at 10× magnification with image analysis software. Flowable nanocomposites (3.69 ± 0.10) exhibited a slightly greater mean depth of penetration as compared to classical pit and fissure sealants (3.58 ± 0.16) and self-adhering flowable composites (3.51 ± 0.13) in that order. This difference between the three sealants was not significant statistical. Amid the three sealant study groups, the lowest mean marginal microleakage was exhibited by the flowable nanocomposites (1.06 ± 0.03), followed by self-adhering flowable composites (1.98 ± 0.06), and classical pit and fissure sealants (2.74 ± 0.11). Analysis of variance revealed statistically significant differences among the three sealants that were studied. This study concludes that flowable nanocomposites depicted enhanced penetration and reduced marginal leakage as compared to the self-adhering flowable composites and classical pit and fissure sealants. An efficient approach to preventing dental caries on the occlusal surfaces of teeth is the use of pit and fissure sealants. The efficiency of sealants chiefly depends on the morphological characteristics of the fissures and properties of dental materials used.

Comparative evaluation of bond strength of three self-adhering flowable composites to sound and demineralized enamel – An in vitro study

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine bond strength of three self-adhering flowable composites. Materials and Methods: Mean tensile bond strength was measured in three groups – Group A – Constic, Group B – Dyad Flow, and Group C – Fusio Liquid Dentin on sound and demineralized primary teeth. Fracture pattern was studied using a stereomicroscope for each sample and in classified as adhesive, cohesive, or mixed fracture. Results: Mean tensile bond strength in sound enamel of Group A (Constic) was found to be 10.79 + 4.24, Group B (Dyad Flow) was 10.30 + 4.63, and of Group C (Fusio Liquid Dentine) was 11.87 + 4.45. No significant difference was found between the three groups (f = 0.327 and P = 0.724). However, a significant difference was found with demineralized enamel in three groups. Constic and Dyad Flow exhibited adhesive fracture pattern in majority of samples on sound enamel, whereas Fusio Liquid Dentin had mixed fracture pattern. On demineralized enamel, Constic exhibited adhesive fracture pattern majorly, whereas Dyad flow demonstrated mixed pattern and Fusio Liquid Dentin had more of cohesive fractures. Conclusion: Constic, Dyad Flow, and Fusio Liquid Dentin can be used instead of conventional pit and fissure sealants or in small occlusal cavities in primary teeth as a single step material.

An In vitro Study to Assess the Effectiveness of the Shear Bond Strength of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate with Different Adhesive Systems.

Purpose of the Study:Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is a biocompatible material and has excellent sealing ability. It is proved and claimed that it provides double seal due to its physical sealing ability as well as ability to induce cementogenesis that provides biological seal.Aim and Objectives:The aim of the study was to assess the shear bond strength of MTA with three different types of adhesive systems: (1) self-adhering flowable composite, (2) etch and rinse (ER) adhesive system, and (3) self-etch (SE) adhesive system.Materials and Methods:Ninety MTA specimens were prepared using cylindrical acrylic blocks, having a central cavity with 2 mm depth and 4 mm diameter. MTA was mixed and placed in the prepared cavity and was covered with moist cotton pellet and temporary filling material (Cavit). They were further divided into three groups which were further divided into two subgroups. After the bonding agents was applied, the composite resin was placed over the MTA surface. The specimens were then tested for shear bond strength; statically analysis was done.Result:After 24 h, the mean value of ER group was found to be significantly higher than SE and the self-adhering composite groups. Among the 45 min groups, there was no significant difference observed.Conclusion:In single visit, after 45 min, self-adhering flowable can be used successfully as a final restorative material in place of conventional flowable composite without using any alternative adhesive system over MTA.

A 24-Month Evaluation of Self-Adhering Flowable Composite Compared to Conventional Flowable Composite in Conservative Simple Occlusal Restorations: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background:Self-adhering flowable composite (SAFC) simplified restorative procedures, especially when compared to conventional techniques. Self-adhering composite revolutionized restorative dentistry by merging advances of adhesive and restorative materials to generate the so-called “eighth generation.”Aims:The objective of this clinical trial was to assess the clinical performance of SAFC compared to conventional flowable composite in minimally invasive occlusal cavities.Settings and Design:A total of 18 patients with conservative occlusal cavities received randomly two types of restorations in a split-mouth design.Materials and Methods:Vertise™ Flow or Filtek™ Z350XT Flowable was applied according to the manufacturer's instructions. All restorations were evaluated at baseline and after 24 months, respectively, by two blinded assessors using modified USPHS criteria.Statistical Analysis Used:Chi-square test was used for intragroup comparison between time points and intergroup comparison within each time point. A value of P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Relative risk was used to determine the clinical significance.Results:The results of the current study have revealed no statistically significant difference between both materials for all tested outcomes at baseline and after 24 months.Conclusions:SAFC revealed satisfactory clinical performance in restoration of minimally invasive occlusal cavities after 24-month follow-up.

Klinička procjena samoadhezivnih tekućih kompozita u liječenju minimalno invazivnih kaviteta I. razreda: petogodišnji rezultati dvostruko slijepoga randomiziranog kontroliranog kliničkog istraživanja

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term clinical performance of a self-adhering flowable resin composite compared to a conventional flowable resin composite used with an etch&rinse adhesive system in minimally invasive Class I cavities.Materials and MethodsTwenty-five patients received at least one pair of Class I restorations (n=65). After class I cavities had been prepared, they were randomly restored either with a self-adhering flowable resin composite (VertiseFlow/Kerr-VR) [Group-1 (n=33)], or with a flowable resin composite (Luxaflow/DMG-LX) in combination with an etch&rinse adhesive (Teco/DMG) [Group-2 (n=32)] according to the manufacturers' instructions. The restorations were evaluated at baseline and yearly during 5 years according to the FDI criteria by two evaluators. A statistical analysis was carried out using the Pearson Chi-Square test and the Cochran Q-test followed by the Mc Nemar's test (p=0.05).ResultsAfter 5 years a total of 47 restorations were evaluated with a recall rate of 68%. At 4-year, 3 (11.5%) VR and 2 LX (7.6%) restorations exhibited a cumulative retention loss. Seventeen (73.9%) VR and 14 LX (58.3%) restorations exhibited clinically acceptable (2) scores for marginal adaptation. At 5-year evaluations VR and LX showed similar results regarding all evaluated criteria (p > 0.05). The cumulative retention loss rates of VR and LX were 15.3% and 7.6%, respectively. None of the restorations demonstrated a recurrence of caries and post operative sensitivity. Both materials showed significant changes at 4 and 5 years regarding marginal staining when compared to baseline (p<0.001). Furthermore, significant changes were observed for VR and LX at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 years for marginal adaptation according to baseline (p<0.001).ConclusionThe use of both materials for the restoration of Class-I cavities demonstrated clinically acceptable performance at the end of 5-year. The self-adhering flowable composite exhibited a clinical performance similar to the conventional flowable applied with an etch&rinse adhesive.

Microshear Bond Strength of a Self-adhesive Composite to Erbium Laser-Treated Primary Enamel.

Introduction: Advances have been made in the composition of flowable composites in recent years and self-adhering composites, which do not require a bonding agent, have recently been introduced to the market. This study aimed to assess the microshear bond strength (µSBS) of a self-adhering flowable composite (Vertise) to primary enamel treated with a graphite disc with silicon carbide particles (SIC) and laser irradiation, the result of which was compared to that of a conventional flowable composite (Premise). Methods: In this in vitro, experimental study, 72 samples of sound primary enamel were evaluated. A smooth enamel surface was obtained using a graphite disc. Next, the erbium chromium yttrium scandium gallium garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser was used for enamel surface treatment in half of the samples (n=36). All the samples were then randomly divided into 4 groups of (i) Premise flowable composite (PF) without laser (n=18), (ii) Vertise flowable composite (VF) without laser (n=18), (iii) PF with laser (n=18), and (iv) VF with laser (n=18). The teeth were then incubated at 37°C for 24 hours and were then subjected to thermocycling. The µSBS of samples was measured using a universal testing machine and reported in megapascal (MPa). Data were analyzed using SPSS via the two-way ANOVA and independent-samples t test at P<0.05. Results: The mean µSBS of VF was significantly higher to the laser-treated samples (13.60±5.47) compared with the non-treated samples (5.89±2.42) (P<0.001). However, no significant difference was noted in the µSBS of PF to the laser-treated (13.18±3.45) and non-treated samples (16.06±3.52) (P=0.058). Conclusion: The µSBS of the conventional flowable composite is higher than that of the self-adhering flowable composite to the enamel of primary teeth. Enamel surface treatment with laser irradiation increases the µSBS of self-adhering flowable composites.

The Difference of The Effects of Conventional Flowable Composite and Self-Adhering Flowable Composite on BHK-21 Fibroblast Cells

Background: One type of composite resin material on the market is flowable composites (FC) which has low viscosity, can be applied to areas with low stress or require good penetration such as pit and fissure sealants, restoration of class II, class III, and class V. Along with technology development, self-adhering flowable composite (SAFC) material has been developed which shorten the applications time because it combines etch, priming, and bonding in one system. The incomplete composite polymerization process can release residual monomers which affect pulp and gingiva The effects of composite materials can be seen from the viability of BHK-21 fibroblast cells after being exposed by these materials. Aims: Determine the viability of BHK-21 cells after being exposed to conventional flowable composite (CFC) and SAFC. Method: The research was in-vitro experimental laboratory with post-test only control group design. BHK-21 cell cultures were included in a 96-well microplate and divided into control group (N=16) and two treated groups (N=16). The treated group was given CFC and SAFC in a disk form with 5mm in diameter and 2,5mm in thickness, then incubated for 24 hours. MTT was given, the optical density value was read by ELISA reader and cell viability was calculated. Optical density data were analyzed using Tukey HSD to compare between groups. Results: The BHK-21 cells viabitlity of SAFC group is greater than the CFC, , indicated by the optical density SAFC (value=0.1233) and CFC (value=0.0936). Conclusion: The viability of BHK-21 cells exposed to SAFC is higher than that of CFC.

Evaluation of Shear Bond Strength of Self-Adhering Flowable Composite to Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and Biodentine

This study aimed to evaluate shear bond strength of mineral trioxide aggregate and biodentine to self-adhering flowable composite. Materials and Methods: eighty Double Split Teflon mold has been prepared with a central hole measuring (3mm in diameter and 2 mm in height) for the mold used for tested materials and (2mm in diameter and in height) for the other mold used for restorative material. The molds were filled with MTA and Biodentine. The mixing material MTA and biodentine applied to its mold (n = 40) and allocated into 2 groups. The specimens will store for72 hours at 37˚C and 100% humidity. After 72 hours, self-adhering flowable composite was applied over MTA and Biodentine with a height and diameter each of 2 mm. The samples were stored in Incubator for 24 hours at 37˚C to enhance setting and then removed from the mold. SBS was measured in a universal testing machine with a load cell of 5kN and a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Data were analyzed using Graph Pad Instat. A value of P .05).Conclusion Biodentine exhibited higher SBS than MTA; therefore, they could be preferred under flowable composites

Clinical Performance of Self- Adhering Flowable Composite in Class V Restorations with EDTA Surface Pretreatment: Three Years Evaluation

Aim: This randomized clinical study evaluated and compared the three years clinical performance of self-adhering flowable composite with or without EDTA surface treatment in Class V restorations. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients, each with three moderate cervical carious lesions, were enrolled in the present single – center study. Total 90 restorations were randomly assigned by one operator not involved in the restoration or the evaluation procedures, in each patient, one lesion was allocated to be restored using self-adhering flowable composite (Fusio liquid Dentin (FL)) without surface treatment, the second using self-adhering flowable composite (Fusio liquid Dentin after EDTA(EFL)) surface treatment, the third to be restored using conventional flowable composite (Tetric Flow (FF)). The allocation sequence of restorations was concealed from the operator in sealed and stapled envelopes. A single operator restored all the preparations according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The restorations were finished and polished immediately after placement. Clinical evaluation was performed at one week, six, 12,18,24,30, and 36 months, by independent examiner according to United States Public Health Services (USPHS), modified Ryge criteria. Statistical analysis was performed by IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp. Results: Two cases could not be reassessed at 18 and 30 months follow up. Time significantly affects the clinical performance within the tested groups except the marginal integrity criterion with the EFL group. However there was significant different between the three groups at 36 months interval in marginal discoloration, marginal integrity criteria. No significant differences were observed between the tested materials from baseline to those of three years in the other USPHScriteria. Conclusions: Self-adhering light cured resin composite achieved clinical acceptable performance at three years follow up interval. The combination of EDTA/ self-adhering light cured resin composite reveals enhancement of the clinical stability and durability of the restorations over time.

Interfacial microscopic examination and chemical analysis of resin-dentin interface of self-adhering flowable resin composite.

Background: The newly introduced self-adhering flowable resin-composites decrease the required time for application by incorporation of an acidic adhesive monomer, thus reducing the number of steps, but its bonding is still uncertain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the interfacial microscopic examination and chemical analysis at the resin-dentin interface of a self-adhering flowable resin composite (Vertise™Flow Self-Adhering Flowable Composite, Kerr Dental, USA) versus a total-etch (Te-Econom Plus) resin composite, using an etching agent (Eco-Etch gel) and bonding agent (Single Bond Universal). Methods: Sixteen freshly extracted sound human posterior teeth were used. The teeth were randomly divided into two groups: 8 specimens per type of composite. Standard-shaped class V cavities were prepared on the buccal surface. One group was restored by Te-Econom Plus resin composite by total-etch technique using Eco-Etch gel, which was applied to dentine for 15 seconds, followed by rinsing, drying and bonding agent application (Single Bond Universal). The other group restored directly with self-adhering resin composite (Vertise-Flow) without application of etch or bond. Curing was done for 20 seconds using a light emitting diode light curing unit. Evaluation of the resin-dentin interface was done microscopically by examination of marginal gap distance in μm using scanning electron microscope (SEM), and chemical analysis of silver particles was observed using SEM with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry after 24 hours of specimen storage in ammoniacal silver nitrate. Results: Regarding marginal gap distance (µm) and silver atomic % mean values, teeth restored with self-adhering resin composite (Vertise-Flow) showed significantly higher mean values than the multi-step etch and rinse resin composite group (5.2 vs 0; 12.2 vs 8.2, respectively). Conclusions: Resin-dentin bonding using total-etch resin composite technique was more effective than self-adhering flowable resin composite (Vertise-Flow) regarding marginal gap formation and penetration of silver particles. Further studies for bond strength could be performed.

Assessment of Shear Bond Strength and Marginal Sealing Ability of Pit and Fissure Sealants: Anin vitro Study

The aim of the present study was to compare the shear bond strength and marginal sealing ability of self-adhering flow-able composite and conventional fissure sealant. The samples consisted of 30 healthy premolar teeth which were extracted due to orthodontic reasons and randomly divided into two groups of 15, i.e., group I (Fissurit F) and group II (Dyad Flow). Shear bond strength and marginal sealing ability of both the groups were evaluated in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16. The mean shear bond strength of Dyad Flow (group II) was found to be 1.4 ± 0.87 MPa and in Fissurit F (group I), it was 1.3 ± 1.4 MPa. Differences between the groups were statistically significant. In group II, 53.3% of specimens demonstrated score 0; 33.3% showed score 1; and 13.3% showed score 2. In group I, scores 0 and 1 showed 33.3% of dye penetration respectively. Scores 2 and 3 demonstrated 26.6 and 6.6% of dye penetration respectively. But there was no significant difference between both the sealant groups. The present study concluded that self-adhering flowable composite was found to have better shear bond strength and marginal sealing ability than conventional fissure sealant. Self-adhering flowable composite can be effectively used in pediatric patients in whom isolation is difficult and exclusion of bonding agent leads to decrease in time consumption.

Clinical evaluation of self-adhering flowable composite versus conventional flowable composite in conservative Class I cavities: Randomized controlled trial.

Background:Self-adhering flowable composite (SAFC) minimized the time-consuming application procedures encountered with the traditional adhesive systems and restorative materials. Self-adhering composite combines the merits of both adhesive and restorative material technologies (8th generation) in a single product, bringing new horizons, and ambitions to restorative procedures.Aim:The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance of SAFC compared to conventional flowable composite in conservative Class I cavities.Materials and Methods:In a split-mouth design, after cavity preparation, 18 patients with conservative Class I cavities received randomly two pairs of restorations, either Vertise™ flow or Filtek™ Z350 XT Flowable combined with Scotchbond™ Universal Etchant and Single Bond Universal, all materials were applied according to the manufacturer's instructions. Restorations were evaluated at baseline and after 6 months by two calibrated assessors using the modified United States Public Health Service criteria measuring (retention, postoperative hypersensitivity, color match, marginal adaptation, and marginal discoloration).Statistical Analysis:Chi-square test was used to compare between flowable composite materials after different follow-up periods, Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to explore changes over follow-up periods. A value of P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: At baseline and 6 months, there was no statistically significant difference between both materials for all tested outcomes.Conclusions:SAFC has shown clinical performance similar to conventional flowable composite after 6 months of clinical service.

Comparative evaluation of bond strength of self-adhering flowable composites to the dentin prepared with different burs: An in vitro study.

Aim:The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of self-adhering flowable composites on the dentinal surface prepared with carbide and diamond burs.Materials and Methods:A total of 64 extracted mandibular molars were mounted on acrylic resin blocks, and the coronal part of the dentin was exposed and polished. Then, they were divided into Group 1 and Group 2 for carbide and diamond bur preparation, respectively. Two teeth in each group were evaluated under scanning electron microscope, ×500, to view the surface changes following the bur preparation. The remaining teeth were subdivided into Groups A, B, and C to be restored with Constic, Dyad™-flow, and Tetric N Flow composites, respectively. Then, the specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 h, and then subjected to universal testing machine to evaluate the SBS and viewed under light stereomicroscope to evaluate the type of failure.Statistical Analysis:SPSS version 22 (IBM Corp) for Windows was used for statistical analysis. The values were subjected to ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc analysis. The values between the groups were analyzed using Student's unpaired t-test.Results:Statistically significant differences in the SBS values were seen between Groups A and C (P < 0.001) and Groups B and C (P < 0.001). Statistically significant differences were seen in SBS values of Dyad-flow (Group B) (P < 0.004) and Tetric N flow (P < 0.007) for surfaces prepared with carbide and diamond burs.Conclusion:It was concluded that the SBS of Tetric-N Flow was higher than that of the experimental groups of Constic and Dyad-flow. Dentinal surface preparation with carbide bur resulted in higher SBS for Tetric N Flow and Dyad-flow but not for Constic.