Selective Infiltration Etching Research Articles

Zirconia surface infiltration with low-fusing glass: A surface treatment modality to enhance the bond strength between zirconia and veneering ceramic.

The pursuit of esthetics and superior mechanical properties prompted the layering of Yttrium stabilized Zirconia with ceramic material. However, the bioinert nature of zirconia causes the chipping off of this ceramic layer. Selective infiltration etching (SIE) of zirconia provides good bond strength between zirconia and veneering ceramic. One hundred and fifty zirconia specimens of dimensions 5 × 5 × 10 mm were divided into 5 groups. Group 1: Air abrasion with 30 μ Al2O3 for 15 s with 0.4 bar pressure. Group 2: SIE and heat-induced maturation (HIM) as demonstrated by Abousheilb. Group 3: Sintered zirconia specimens were taken up for air abrasion followed by SIE/HIM. Group 4: Air abrasion and SIE performed on unsintered specimens followed by heat treatment at 1500°C. Group 5: Air abrasion performed on unsintered zirconia specimens followed by heat treatment at 1500°C followed by SIE/HIM. The samples were then layered with ceramic and subjected to shear bond strength (SBS) analysis. The mean and standard deviation were calculated for the data. The mean SBS among the groups was compared using ANOVA. The post hoc Bonferroni test was applied to compare between the groups. The mean SBS was highest for Group 5 (47.89 ± 6.53) followed by Group 2 (34.94 ± 3.04), Group 3 (32.56 ± 6.04), Group 1 (29.12 ± 7.37), and Group 4 (27.56 ± 7.54). ANOVA test showed statistically significant differences among the groups (F = 48.86, P = 0.00). SIE/HIM when combined with sandblasting with appropriate heat treatment demonstrated a significant increase in bond strength. This prolongs the longevity of the restoration, thereby meeting the clinical needs.

Acid etching and silica coating effects on Y-TZP topography and ceramic/resin cement bond strength

Zirconia-based (Y-TZP) dental prostheses' retention loss remains one of the most frequently reported difficulties in dental practice. Selective Infiltration Etching (SIE) treatment has been proposed to alter the final Y-TZP topography improving its bond strength to resin cement. SIE consists of glass film deposition on the Y-TZP surface before glass removal with 10% hydrofluoric acid etching. This study's objective was to investigate the effects of SIE protocol steps on Y-TZP topography and its consequence on its bond strength to resin cement. The SIE protocol was divided into two main steps: silica coating (first step) and glass dissolution by hydrofluoric acid (second step), and the null hypothesis was that the SIE treatment has the same bond quality independently of the HF exposition time. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Scanning Electron and Transmission Electron microscopy were used to characterize the zirconia surfaces. The bond strength was evaluated by the interfacial fracture toughness test, and data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's Test (5%). As the main result, it was shown that, when exposed during sufficient time, the 10% HF can etch zirconia at room temperature, which is responsible for topographic changes, significantly improving the bond quality. Additionally, no glass components or dihedral angles modifications were observed at Y-TZP grain boundaries after silica coating. With the study limitations, it was possible to infer that the surface-modifying agent in SIE protocol is the HF etching, and the null hypothesis was rejected.

Influence of Surface Modification Protocol and Type of Luting Cement on Bonding of Monolithic Zirconia to Dentin Substrate

To assess microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of two types of luting cement to monolithic zirconia and dentin following various surface modifications and aging. Monolithic zirconia blocks were divided into four main groups. Group N: no surface modification; Group SB: sandblasted using 50 μm Al2O3 particles. Group GH: glazed with a thin film of low-fusing porcelain glaze and etched with 10% hydrofluoric acid for 60 seconds. Group CJ: sandblasted with CoJet sand. Surface-treated ceramic blocks were bonded to dentin using either self-adhesive cement or resin-modified glass ionomer cement and submitted to 3 or 150 days of water storage protocol with aging. The specimens were subjected to tensile force until de-bonding. Surface roughness (Ra, μm) was assessed after surface treatment. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests followed by Tukey's tests were used to analyze the data (α = 0.05). Surface modification using selective infiltration etching (SIE) showed significantly higher μTBS (p < 0.05) compared to tribochemical silica coating, sandblasting, and no treatment groups. The surface roughness of the SB and CJ groups were statistically higher compared to GH and N groups. Selective glass infiltration etching was an effective method in altering the surface properties, creating a strong and durable bond to monolithic zirconia. Surface treatment procedures using SIE techniques combined with the use of universal 10-Methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP)-containing adhesives could establish a long-lasting and strong bonding to monolithic zirconia restorations. Resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (RMGIC) is an alternative luting cement for monolithic zirconia based on the assessment of its bond strength and bond durability.

Evaluation Of The Effect Of Different Surface Treatments, Aging And Enzymatic Degradation On Zirconia-Resin Micro-Shear Bond Strength.

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of surface treatments on zirconia-resin bonding and the effect of aging on bond durability for one year.MethodThree hundred and twenty zirconia blocks were divided into 4 equal study groups. Group 1 (control): as-sintered, group 2: (GB): grit-blasted, group 3: (LAS): laser-etched, group 4: (SIE): selective infiltration etching. Composite cylinders were bonded to the zirconia with resin cement and ceramic primer. Aging was performed following 3 different aging protocols: thermocycling, storage in distilled water, or storage in an enzymatic esterase solution. Micro-shear bond strength test (μSBS) was recorded using a universal testing machine. μSBS values were analyzed using two-way Analysis of Variance followed by Tukey post-hoc tests. Level of significance was set at 0.05.ResultsGB, LAS and SIE groups showed significantly higher values when compared to control. Groups GB, LAS and SIE reported a significant decrease up to 50% in μSBS after water storage and enzymatic degradation, while control group reported a 90% decrease. Failure analysis showed mainly adhesive failure for control group, while the percentage of cohesive failure in resin cement was higher in SIE group compared to GB and LAS groups.ConclusionWater aging and esterase solutions played a significant role by increasing bond degradation. A minimum of one-year water and esterase storage medium should be used to evaluate the durability of the bond between resin cement and zirconia.

Effect of different combinations of surface treatment on adhesion of resin composite to zirconia.

Purpose: The purpose of this laboratory study was to evaluate the effect of different surface treatment combinations on resin zirconia bonding. Materials and methods: One hundred and five pre-sintered zirconia quadrangles were prepared out of zirconia blocks, polished, then sintered and divided into five groups (n=21). Group I (control): samples were untreated, group II: grit-blasting with 50 µm alumina particles, group III: grit-blasting with 100 µm alumina particles, group IV: Er,Cr:YSGG laser, and group V: selective infiltration etching technique. Microstructural analysis was performed using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, a diffractometer, and a profilometer. Cylinders of composite resin were luted with Panavia resin composite cementand Clearfil ceramic primer. Shear bond strength (SBS) was determined using a universal testing machine.Results: SBS results were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post hoc tests for multiple comparisons. The level of significance was set to 0.05. SBS values of the studied groups II, III, IV, and V were 16.2±1.8 MPa, 15.7±3.7 MPa, 14.8±3.4 MPa, and 16.8±3.0 MPa, respectively. All values were significantly higher than the control group (10.48±1.80 MPa), but without a significant difference between them. Group III exhibited the roughest surface, and Group I had a more significantly reduced surface roughness value than any other group. Group III presented the highest significant increase of tetragonal to monoclinic phase transformation (13%).Conclusion: The use of grit-blasting with greater particles size enhanced SBS with resin composite cement, but induced a higher amount of monoclinic phase transformation. The use of primer based on adhesive monomer with the resin cement is required to enhance the bonding efficiency. The use of laser enhanced the surface roughness and the bonding ability to zirconia.

The Clinical performance of all ceramic zirconia-veneered crowns after different surface treatments of zirconia framework: 30 months clinical assessment

Objective: To evaluate the clinical performance of zirconia-veneered crowns after different surface treatment of zirconia frameworks named as; no surface treatment, sandblasting, silicatization (CoJetTM sand) , Selective infiltration etching (SIE) and the novel acids mixture.Materials and methods: A total of 50 patients of age ranged from 20 to 35 years were presented with root canal-treated molar teeth that needed post-retained restorative treatment. They were divided into 5 groups according to surface treatment of zirconia frameworks (10cases each); Group S1: Zirconia frameworks received no surface treatment. Group S2: Zirconia frameworks received sandblasting with 110µm aluminum oxide airborne particle abrasives.GroupS3: Zirconia frameworks received CoJet sand surface treatment. Group S4: Zirconia frameworks received selective infiltration etching surface treatment. Group S5: Zirconia frameworks received a specially formulated mixture of hydrofluoric acid (HF 9 wt%) and nitric acid (HNO3 26 wt%) at a ratio of (4:1) for 5 min. All Zirconia frameworks received IPS e.max Ceram veneering porcelain. They received all ceramic zirconia based single crowns using Cerec in-Lab CAD/CAM technology for designing and milling zirconia frameworks. Teeth preparation was performed to achieve 2mm occlusal clearance, 1.5mm axial reduction and 1mm rounded shoulder subgingival finish line. Secondary impression was taken for each case using addition silicone rubber base impression material and poured using special reflective cerec stone (CAM Base) to facilitate scanning of the preparation using the in-Lab extra oral scanner “inEos”. 3D virtual models were obtained that were used for designing zirconia frameworks. Then, milling of zirconia blocks were performed using inLab Cerec 3 milling machine to obtain zirconia frameworks followed by sintering procedures for the zirconia frameworks. After try in of sintered zirconia frameworks in the patient’s mouth, they received different types of surface treatment. After that, porcelain build up was conducted by layering technique. All ceramic zirconia based crowns were then cemented using dual-cured resin cement (Multilink Auto Mix) and were subjected to a period of 6, 12, 18, 24 and 30 months clinical observation according to the modified USPHS criteria for indirect restorations, where prosthodontic results were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using a commercially available software program (SPSS 19; SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). Values were presented as number and percentages. Chi square test was used to compare categorical data.The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: It was found that at 6 months, score A was recorded in all specimens of IPS e.max Ceram, with no statistically significant difference between different surface treatments (p=1). At 12 months, score A was recorded in all specimens, with no statistically significant difference between different surface treatments (p=1). At 18 months, score A was recorded in 100% specimens of CoJet and acid mixture surface treatment, in 90% of specimens of no treatment and in 80% of specimens of sandblasting and SIE; with no statistically significant difference between different surface treatments (p=0.815). At 24 months, score A was recorded in 80% specimens of sandblasting, CoJet and acid mixture surface treatment, in 66.7% of specimens of no treatment and in 22.2% of SIE; with a statistically significant difference between different surface treatments (p=0.045). At 30 months, score A was recorded in 80% specimens of sandblasting, 88.9% CoJet and 77.8% of acid mixture surface treatment, in 44.5% of specimens of no treatment and in 11.1% of SIE; with a statistically significant difference between different surface treatments (p=0.0024). Conclusions: (1) In all cases, the tested systems showed chipping of the comparable low-strength veneering ceramic but no fracture of the high-strength core or the natural tooth in clinical cases. (2) The treatment of the surface zirconia framework with Cojet system was able to maintain acceptable clinical performance at 24 months and 30 months recall periods. However, the other surface treatments showed lesser performance. (3)No direct correlation between zirconia framework surface treatments and long term bonding to veneering ceramic could be addressed; however, it could be multifactorial such as lack of proper framework support, internal defects, direction, magnitude and frequency of the applied load as well as the residual stresses induced by processing.

Effect of selective infiltration etching on the bond strength between zirconia and resin luting agents.

To evaluate the shear bond strength of resin cements to zirconia treated with the selective infiltration etching technique (SIE). Forty-seven zirconia specimens were prepared with a sequence of silicon carbide abrasives, cleaned in an ultrasonic bath. Three samples were separated for atomic force microscope (AFM) analyses (one nontreated for control, one sandblasted, and one selective infiltration etched) and the remaining were randomly distributed in four groups, according to the combination of surface treatment and resin cement: group 1a (sandblasting + Variolink II), group 1b (sandblasting + Panavia SA Plus), group 2a (SIE + Variolink II), group 2b (SIE + Panavia SA Plus). A composite resin cylinder (3 mm × 3 mm) was cemented to the zirconia surface, as per each group's specific protocol. After storing 24 hours in distilled water at 37°C, the specimens were tested for shear bond strength and the results were subjected to statistical analysis. At 24 hours, the highest SBS values were observed in group 2b, where the SIE technique was used in conjunction with Panavia SA Plus. Lowest values were found in group 1a. Increased surface roughness was observed with SIE. SIE significantly enhanced the resin bond strength to zirconia. However, cement selection was also an important factor, for both surface treatments tested. Use of SIE method combined with MDP monomer containing resin cement can provide clinically acceptable bond strength between zirconia and resin cement.

Cementing Line Configuration of Bioactive Engineered Zirconia Implants (&lt;i&gt;In Vivo&lt;/i&gt; Histological Study)

Background: Osseointegration of dental implant is a challenging issue for those who need to restore a missing tooth, a matter that necessitates wide range of research on different implant manufacturing, modification and bioactive coating materials.Aim of the study: Investigation of cementing line configuration around osseointegrated engineered nano-porous zirconia implants coated with bioactive autologous HA, platelet rich plasma (PRP) and bovine HA (Bio-oss) coatings in rabbit model.Materials and methods: Zirconia implants (cylinders 3.7 mm x 8 mm) were milled and sintered according to manufacturer recommendations. Then all specimens were treated with selective infiltration etching (SIE) to produce a nano-porous surface. Implants were surgically placed bilaterally in the femur distal heads of 20 male line V Spain white rabbits. Implants were divided equally into 4 groups (n=10): group (A) control (non-coated), group (B) autologous HA coated, group (C) PRP coated and group (D) Bio-Oss coated implants. Specimens were characterized with x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and mercury porosimetery. Histological examination was performed after six weeks of peri-implant healing period.Results: XRD patterns revealed the detection of hexagonal HA and (Y-TZP) tetragonal crystal phases for the HA coated surfaces. Mercury porosimetery revealed a significant reduction in total porosity percent after application of bioactive coating materials. The histological picture of osseiointegration and cementing line continuity in association with both of autologous HA and PRP were outstanding and satisfactory followed by that of Bio-Oss and all coated implants showed a noticeable difference from that of the control specimens that were surrounded by unsupported cementing line adjacent to newly formed bone with low density.Conclusions: Engineering of zirconia implant surface with bioactive coatings either HA or PRP to enhance its biological activity could be considered as reliable method to provide satisfactory osseiointegration.

Bioactive\u2013hybrid\u2013zirconia implant surface for enhancing osseointegration: an in vivo study

BackgroundZirconia is characterized by a hard, dense, and chemically inert surface which requires additional surface treatments in order to enhance osseointegration. The proposed hypothesis of the study was that combination of a nano-porous surface infiltrated with a bioactive material may enhance osseointegration of zirconia implants.MethodsCustom-made zirconia implants (3.7 mm × 8 mm) were designed, milled, and sintered according to manufacturer recommendations. All implants received selective infiltration etching (SIE) technique to produce a nano-porous surface. Surface porosities were either filled with nano-hydroxy apatite particle- or platelet-rich plasma while uncoated surface served as a control (n = 12, α = 0.05). New surface properties were characterized with mercury porosimetry, XRD analysis, SEM, and EDX analysis. Implants were inserted in femur head of rabbits, and histomorphometric analysis was conducted after healing time to evaluate bone–implant contact percentage (BIC%).ResultsSelective infiltration etching produced a nano-porous surface with interconnected surface porosities. Mercury porosimetry revealed a significant reduction in total porosity percent after application of the two coating materials. XRD patterns detected hexagonal crystal structure of HA superimposed on the tetragonal crystal phase of zirconia. Histomorphometric analysis indicated a significantly higher (F = 14.6, P < 0.001) BIC% around HA–bioactive–hybrid surface (79.8 ± 3%) and PRP-coated surface (71 ± 6 %) compared to the control (49 ± 8%).ConclusionsBioactive–hybrid–zirconia implant surface enhanced osseointegration of zirconia implants.

Surface Characterization and Cell Adhesion of Different Zirconia Treatments: An in vitro Study.

The aim of this study was to characterize the surface of zirconia subjected to different treatments and evaluate its effect on cell adhesion and proliferation. A total of 80 zirconia disks were divided into four groups (n = 20) according to the surface treatments used: group I: as-sintered (AS), no surface treatment applied; group II: abrasion treatment applied using Rocatec (ROC; 3M ESPE) system with silica-coated alumina powder of grit size 110 μm; group III: erbium, chromium:yttrium, scandium, gallium, garnet (Er, Cr:YSGG) laser (LAS; BIOLASE) was used at a frequency of 20 Hz and output power of 3 W; and group IV: specimens were subjected to the selective infiltration etching (SIE) technique. Surface characterization was evaluated for the different groups (roughness, hardness, and morphology), and cell behavior (adhesion and proliferation) was tested (a = 0.05). The ROC group reported a significant increase in surface roughness (2.201 ± 0.352) and Vickers hardness (1758 ± 16.6) compared with the other surface treatments. The SIE surface-treated group reported a significantly higher number of cells (64.5 ± 2.6 and 53.5 ± 2.2 respectively) compared with the other surface-treated groups. The SIE is a promising surface treatment for zirconia that significantly enhances cell adhesion and osseointegration. The SIE treatment of zirconia implants may help in a faster and better osseointegration.

Ultrastructural Analysis and Long-term Evaluation of Composite-Zirconia Bond Strength.

To evaluate the influence of different aging techniques on zirconia-composite microtensile bond strength using different surface treatments over a 5-year follow-up period. Zirconia disks received three surface treatments: airborne-particle abrasion with 50-μm aluminum oxide particles, selective infiltration etching (SIE), or fusion sputtering (FS). The specimens were bonded to pre-aged composite disks using a composite cement containing phosphate monomers (Panavia F2.0). Bonded specimens were sectioned into microbars (1 x 1 x 6 mm) using a precision cutting machine, and all microbars received thermocycling (15,000 cycles between 5°C and 55°C). Initial microtensile bond strength was evaluated, and the test was repeated after storage in the following media for five years (artificial saliva, 20% ethanol, 5% NaOH, 4% acetic acid, and 5% phosphoric acid). The test was repeated every 12 months for 5 years. Scanning electron microscopic images were used to analyze the zirconia-composite interface. A repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests were used to analyze the data (n = 20, α = 0.05). Significantly higher microtensile bond strength was observed for SIE compared to fusion sputtering and airborne particle abrasion. Five years of artificial aging resulted in significant reduction of zirconia-composite bond strength for all tested specimens. Zirconia-composite bond strength was more sensitive to storage in sodium hydroxide and phosphoric acid, while it was least affected when stored under saliva. These changes were related to the mechanism of ultra-structural interaction between surface treatment and adhesive, as deterioration of the hybrid layer (composite-infiltrated ceramic) was responsible for bond degeneration. Zirconia-composite bond strength was influenced by 5 years of artificial aging.

Effect of the Sandblasting Process on the Surface Properties of Dental Zirconia

This paper presents the effect of the sandblasting and sintering processes on the surface properties of some commercial yttria stabilized zirconia (Y-TZP) for monolithic dental restorations in dentistry. The surface properties of dental zirconia can be improved further through various surface treatment methods, like surface abrasion, roughening, chemical treatment, tribochemical coating, or selective infiltration etching. But all these treatments are made on the sintered samples, not on the pre-sintered discs as are delivered by the dental suppliers. The hypothesis of this paper was that the mechanical effect on the surface of pre-sintered disc of Y-TZP assured by airborne-particle abrasion with alumina will be maintained after the sintering process. Additionally, we will follow the presence of alumina particles on the Y-TZP surface after airborne-particle abrasion process. Surface modifications of the experimental samples was performed by sandblasting for 15 s with Al2O3 particles (average particle size 83 mm) at pressure of 2 bars, using a SAB-Caloris equipment. Morphological and surface changes in the sandblasted, respectively sandblasted and sintered samples of Y-TZP are examined by using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. It is found that the surface modifications made on the pre-sintered Y-TZP disc remain after sintering process, which not affects these mechanical modifications of the surface. Also, it was detected the presence of alumina particles on the Y-TZP samples after airborne-particle abrasion process and for this reason we recommend the use of zirconia particle for airborne-abrasion process.

EFFECT OF SURFACE TREATMENT AND ARTIFICIAL AGING ON MICROTENSILE BOND STRENGTH OF ZIRCONIA TO RESIN CEMENT

Statement of problem: Reliable bond to zirconia based materials has proven to be difficult which is the major limitation against luting zirconia restorations.Purpose: This in vitro study compared effect of selective infiltration etching (SIE) and tribo-chemical silica sandblasting (TSS) on microtensile bond strength to zirconia based material before and after different artificial aging intervals. Materials and methods: Twenty Lava plus high translucency zirconia disks (3 M, ESPE) were randomly divided into two study groups according to their surface treatment: (a) selective infiltration etching (SIE) and (b) tribo-chemical silica sandblasting (TSS). Zirconia disks were bonded to composite resin specimens using Panavia F2.0 resin cement. Zirconia resin bond strength was evaluated using the microtensile bond strength test (MTBS) and the test was repeated before and after the following intervals of accelerated artificial aging; 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks and 4 weeks of water storage (37°C). A repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests were used to analyze the data.Results: The interaction between surface treatments and storage times were statistically significant. Data analysis revealed significant differences between the two surface treatments (P<0.05).Selective infiltration etched specimens demonstrated relatively higher MTBS values than TSS (48.5 and 24.8 MPa).SEM examination of broken microbars revealed more interfacial failure type for TSS than SIE specimens that showed a predominantly cohesive failure type. Conclusions: Selective infiltration etching provided superior micro-tensile bond strength results compared to tribo-chemical silica sandblasting. Established bond strength by selective infiltration etching was not affected by artificial aging as tribo-chemical silica sandblasting.

Recent Trends in Surface Treatment Methods for Bonding Composite Cement to Zirconia: A Reveiw.

To evaluate the in vitro studies conducted in the last six years on new zirconia materials to discover and explore current trends in bonding composite cement to zirconia substrate. An in-depth review of the in vitro studies performed between 2010 and 2016 was conducted, focusing on the current trends in surface conditioning methods for zirconia ceramic. PubMed was used for searching the literature. Resin composite bonding to zirconia, zirconia surface coating, and zirconia surface treatment method were the keywords used. Complete scientific articles were reviewed and evaluated for appropriateness. The literature survey showed a variety of surface treatment techniques comprising grit blasting (laboratory or chairside) with or without silica-coated alumina particles, the use of materials containing phosphate monomers, different silanes and primers, laser irradiation, Si vapor-phase deposition, and selective infiltration etching. The problem of composite cement bonding to zirconia has yet to be definitively solved. Nevertheless, the application of phosphate monomer on tribochemically silica-coated zirconia surfaces is currently the least complicated and most efficaceous means of bonding composite cement to zirconia. Selective infiltration etching seems to be a promising technique for establishing a durable bond between composite cement and zirconia, and should be studied further.

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SURFACE TREATMENTS AND RESIN TYPES ON BONDING TO TRANSLUCENT ZIRCONIA

Purpose: This in vitro study measured the adhesive properties of 10-MDP and MPE containing resin cements, using two types of zirconia surface treatments; selective infiltration etching(SIE) and airborne particle abrasion (APA) to translucent zirconia (3M, ESPE) .Statement of Problem: Due to translucent zirconia modified composition (alumina content reduced to tenth of its weight) bonding strength to different resin cements after different surface treatments should be investigated adequately . Materials and Methods:Sixty sintered Lava plus high translucency disks(3M,ESPE)were randomly divided into three study groups according to their surface treatment: (a) polished surface (control group); (b) air borne particle abraded (grit blasted) with 50 µm aluminum trioxide (APA); and (c) selective infiltration etching (SIE). Zirconia disks (15x2mm) were then bonded to 60 composite resin disks (8x4mm) using two different resin composite cements (Clearfil SA and Rely X). Resin-zirconia adhesion strength was evaluated using the microshear bond strength test (MSBS) after 24 hour of storage in deionized water at 37˚C. One way ANOVA and Scheffe s post-hoc tests were used to analyze the data (p<0.001). Then fractured samples were studied under SEM and classified according to failure pattern.Results: Different types of resin cement and surface treatment significantly influenced the MSBS (P<0.001). The highest mean MSBS values were recorded with MDP containing resin cement (Clearfil SA) in both SIE (26.18 ±1.12 MPa) and APA (21.67±1.34) groups. Bond strength values were reduced significantly in control group when using the two types of cements. Regarding failure pattern, MDP groups showed cohesive and MPE and control groups showed adhesive type.Conclusion: SIE and APA in combination with 10-MDP containing resin cement established a strong durable bond to zirconia substrates than MPE groups. SIE and APA showed significant higher bond strength values than control groups.

The Effect of Selective Infiltration Etching (SIE) Associated with Zirconia Nanoparticles on the Shear Bond Strength of Zirconia Core/Veneering Ceramic in Dentistry

The Effect of Selective Infiltration Etching (SIE) Associated with Zirconia Nanoparticles on the Shear Bond Strength of Zirconia Core/Veneering Ceramic in Dentistry

Improvement in the Tensile Bond Strength between 3Y-TZP Ceramic and Enamel by Surface Treatments

This study examined the effects of 3 mol % yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (3Y-TZP) ceramic surface treatments on the tensile bond strength and surface characteristics of enamel. To measure the tensile bond strength, the 3Y-TZP and tooth specimens were manufactured in a mini-dumbbell shape and divided into four groups based on the type of 3Y-TZP surface treatment: polishing (P), 110 µm alumina sandblasting (S), 110 µm alumina sandblasting combined with selective infiltration etching (SS), and 110 µm alumina sandblasting combined with MDP (10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate)-containing silane primer (SP). After surface treatment, the surface roughness, wettability, and surface changes were examined, and the tensile bond strength was measured. The mean values (from lowest to highest) for tensile bond strength (MPa) were as follows: P, 8.94 ± 2.30; S, 21.33 ± 2.00; SS, 26.67 ± 4.76; and SP, 31.74 ± 2.66. Compared to the P group, the mean surface roughness was significantly increased, and the mean contact angle was significantly decreased, while wettability was increased in the other groups. Therefore, surface treatment with 110 µm alumina sandblasting and MDP-containing silane primer is suitable for clinical applications, as it considerably improves the bond strength between 3Y-TZP and enamel.

Bond strength of veneering porcelain to zirconia after different surface treatments

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of various surface treatments on the bond strength of veneering feldspathic porcelain to zirconia. Methods: Fifty yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline specimens were divided into five groups (n = 10) according to various surface treatments. The groups were as follows: Group 1: control group with liner application and no further surface treatment; Group 2: air-particle abrasion with 110 μm of alumina (Al2O3) particles; Group 3: grinding with a diamond disk; Group 4: Nd:YAG laser irradiation (the laser and the energy parameters were 10 Hz, and 2 W and 200 mJ, and the pulse duration (short pulse) range was up to 180 μs); Group 5: selective infiltration etching (SIE). After surface treatments, a liner application was performed for all surfaces according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Veneering porcelain was applied on zirconia surfaces using a Teflon mold. Shear bond strength was tested using a universal testing machine. The fractured surface morphologies were examined with scanning electron microscopy. The data were statistically analyzed using Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests (α = .05). Results: The Megapascal values of the bonding groups were as follows: G1 = 8.62 ± 1.12, G2 = 13.87 ± 5.08, G3 = 12.31 ± 3.35, G4 = 17.32 ± 6.16, and G5 = 16.17 ± 4.55. Statistically significant differences were observed between the control group and the other groups (p < 0.05). Group 4 had the highest bond strength while G1 showed the lowest bond strength. No significant differences were found between the Nd:YAG, grinding, sandblasting, and SIE groups. Conclusion: Surface treatments had different effects on the shear bond strength of feldspathic porcelain to zirconia. Surface treatment techniques used in this study can be used on zirconia specimens prior to liner application to obtain an acceptable bond strength of veneering porcelain to zirconia. The effect of Nd:YAG laser irradiation and SIE techniques on bond strength of veneering ceramic to zirconia should be evaluated with further studies.

&lt;b&gt;Influência de diferentes tratamentos de superfície na força de adesão entre zircônia estabilizada por ítrio e cimentos resinosos&lt;/b&gt;

O objetivo da presente revisão da literatura foi avaliar a influência de tratamentos de superfície na força de adesão entre zircônia e cimento resinoso. De acordo com a literatura pesquisada, concluiu-se, dentro das limitações do estudo, que a silicatização e o jateamento com óxido de alumina são atualmente os dois métodos mais investigados, apresentando bons resultados principalmente quando associados com um agente químico de união. É importante realçar que o uso de jateamento com óxido de alumina foi vinculado à indícios de fratura. Apesar de poucos relatos, a infiltração seletiva por vidro parece ser o tratamento mais promissor, obtendo resultados superiores aos outros métodos e sem que haja comprometimento da estrutura da cerâmica.&#x0D; &#x0D; DOI: 10.18363/rbo.v72i1/2.579

Zirconia Surface Treatments for Resin Bonding.

To evaluate the bond strength of resin to zirconia treated with different surface conditioning methods. Sintered zirconia was surface treated to create 7 groups. Ceramic liner (L) was fired onto three groups of zirconia and subsequently received the following treatments: hydrofluoric acid etching (L/ HFE), alumina particle abrasion (L/APA), and alumina particle abrasion with hydrofluoric acid etching (L/APAHFE). All three groups were silane treated immediately prior to bonding. Two other zirconia groups received alumina particle abrasion with and without silane coupling (AP-S and AP). Another group underwent selective infiltration etching, in which the specimens received porcelain powder firing, ultrasonic etching with HF for 15 min, then rinsing under running water for 15 min, followed by silane treatment (SIE). The control group was zirconia as-sintered (ZAS). Twenty composite resin cylinders were luted to each group with a resin cement. Each group was divided into two subgroups (n=10) and subjected to 2 storage conditions: 24 h water storage or 21 days with 6000 thermocycles between 5°C and 55°C. Shear bond strength testing (SBS) was performed, followed by statistical analysis of the results using one-way ANOVA (p < 0.05). After 21 days of thermocycling, AP and ZAS groups spontaneously debonded prior to testing. The remaining groups showed a decrease in mean shear bond strength between 11.7% and 58.5% after thermocycling, except the L/HFE group, which increased by 11.7%. L/HFE showed the highest bond strength at both test intervals, and at 21 days was significantly higher than that of the AP-S and L/APA-HFE groups, which in turn were higher than that of the L/APA group, which was higher than that of the SIE group (p < 0.05). The etched, fired ceramic liner with silane treatment provided the strongest and most durable bond under the conditions tested. Alumina particle abrasion degraded the durability of the ceramic liner. Alumina particle abrasion, as-sintered zirconia, and SIE did not provide durable bond strengths.