Selective Extraction Of Nickel Research Articles

Selective extraction of nickel from acid leach solution of spent lithium-ion batteries using synergistic solvent extraction system consisting of TFCA-4PC

Selective extraction of nickel from acid leach solution of spent lithium-ion batteries using synergistic solvent extraction system consisting of TFCA-4PC

Selective extraction of nickel and cobalt from disseminated sulfide flotation cleaner tailings using alkaline glycine-ammonia leaching solutions

Millions of tons of nickel-bearing tailings, derived from disseminated sulfide resources, has been or are being dumped as waste and the recovery of metals from these tailings is insignificant. There are no economic hydrometallurgical processes to recover valuable metals from such wastes due to their low metal recovery, their alkaline high-magnesium mineralisation, and high reagent requirement. This study presents a novel alkaline process of glycine leaching to extract nickel and cobalt from such tailings. The outcomes of the experimental tests of using an alkaline glycine-based lixiviant system to extract nickel and cobalt from a float tailing material containing 0.79 % Ni and 0.02 % Co respectively are presented in this study. A comparison between using ammonia and sodium hydroxide as pH modifiers was conducted and the leaching performance of glycine-ammonia has been found to be superior based on both metal extractions and leaching kinetics. The use of resin-in-leach (RIL) to recover Ni and Co from glycine-ammonia leaching solution enhanced Ni extraction by ∼ 10 %. Grinding of the float tailing sample to a P80 of 15 µm enhanced both Ni and Co extraction by 10–15 %. Increasing the temperature to 45 °C considerably enhanced the metal leaching at which the highest Ni and Co extractions were achieved at 88 % and 90 %, respectively. Controlling dissolved oxygen (DO) levels during the leaching significantly increased the leaching kinetics and decreased the leaching time from 48 to 24 h. QEMSCAN analysis confirmed the selectivity of the alkaline glycine-based system to leach Ni, Co and Cu over impurities such as Fe, Mn and Mg. Two conceptual block diagram flowsheets were proposed for Ni and Co extraction from the float tailings using an alkaline glycine-based leaching process, where the Ni in the original ore is mineralised in an ultramafic, highly disseminated form of pentlandite in a magnesium-rich alkaline gangue matrix.

Selective Extraction of Nickel and Cobalt From Sintered Nickel Alloy by Oxygen Pressure Acid Leaching Process

Selective Extraction of Nickel and Cobalt From Sintered Nickel Alloy by Oxygen Pressure Acid Leaching Process

Performance Evaluation of Nickel Separation and Extraction Process from Simulated Spent Cr/Ni Electroplating Bath Solutions by ELM Process Using LIX63 and PC88A

The study was conducted to investigate synergistic extraction of nickel from simulated spent Cr–Ni electroplating bath solutions by emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) process using 5,8-diethyl-7-hydroxydodecan-6-one oxime (LIX 63) and 2-ethylhexylphosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester (PC88A) as carriers. The importance of ELM composition and the properties of simulated spent electroplating bath solution have been optimized to synergistically extract nickel. The important parameters affecting the nickel extraction efficiency and ELM stability, such as acid concentration, stripping solution type and concentration, extractant concentration, surfactant concentration, and phase ratio, were experimentally studied. Along with obtained results, higher than 99% of nickel was selectively extracted within 30 minutes from simulated electroplating bath solutions that their metal concentrations was in the range of 100–500 mg/L. in the optimum conditions. The higher separation factor value of nickel over chromium (βNi/Cr) was obtained as 898. As a result, the nickel extraction kinetic was found to depend on PC88A, since extraction mechanism of PC88A is slower than that of LIX63. So, the combined use of LIX63 and PC88A improved the selective extraction of nickel in that process.

Selective and Synergistic Extraction of Nickel from Simulated Cr-Ni Electroplating Bath Solutions using LIX 63 and D2EHPA as Carriers

The main goal of the present study is to explain synergistic extraction of nickel from simulated Cr-Ni electroplating bath solutions (SEBS) using 5,8-diethyl-7-hydroxydodecane-6-one oxime (LIX 63) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) as extractants by emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) technique. The importance of membrane composition and aqueous phase properties on nickel extraction percentage has been highlighted for the selective extraction of nickel. Some important parameters like acid concentration, stripping solution type and concentration, mixing speed, extractant concentrations, phase ratio, and surfactant concentration was studied to improve the extraction and stripping efficiencies. Higher than > 99% of nickel was recovered at optimum conditions within 6 min. The higher separation factors (βNi/Cr) were obtained as 580. As a result, the nickel extraction kinetic with D2EHPA has been defined as faster than LIX63. So, the kinetic transport of nickel mainly depends on LIX63 than D2EHPA. According to these results, D2EHPA behaves as a synergistic extractant in the present extraction mechanism.

Selective reductive leaching of oxidised cobalt containing residue

Nickel was selectively leached from an industrial nickel-cobalt Mixed Hydroxide Precipitate (MHP) under mildly acidic, strongly oxidizing conditions. The resulting cobalt rich residues contained 14-21 wt.% Ni, 3-7 wt.% Co and 3-9 wt.% Mn. The selective extraction of nickel and cobalt from these residues was studied using weak acid and weak acid-reductive leaching. Without the reducing agent, nickel preferentially leached. The controlled addition of a reducing agent increased the extent of nickel leaching and solubilised a portion of the cobalt while manganese remained stable in the solid phase. The extent of copper, iron and aluminium leaching was controlled by pH adjustment.

Selective pressure leaching of Fe (II)-rich limonitic laterite ores from Indonesia using nitric acid

The selective extraction of nickel and cobalt over iron from an Indonesian limonitic laterite was investigated using nitric acid pressure leaching (NAPL). The mineralogical analysis showed that the major minerals were goethite and magnetite, and the content of the divalent iron was as high as 7.06%. Nickel and cobalt were mainly distributed in these two minerals; however, the distribution was non-uniform. A series experiments were conducted to examine the basic parameters and propose the optimal conditions for the extraction. When the ore was treated via HPAL under the optimal condition, the extracted nickel and cobalt were less than 75%, and the iron concentration in the leach liquor was over 12.5g/L. By contrast, over 85% of nickel and cobalt were extracted and about 1.8g/L iron was achieved using NAPL. The loss of nickel and cobalt can be mainly attributed to the undissolved magnetite and manganese minerals. The leaching process of NAPL is a dissolution–oxidation–precipitation mechanism, and in this process nitric acid acts as both a lixiviant and an oxidant. The formation of hematite results in a low iron concentration in the leach liquor without oxygen injected. Meanwhile, the oxidation and the precipitation of dissolved divalent iron results in a calculated savings in acid consumption of about 120kg nitric acid per ton of ore can be obtained, which is equal to over 93kg of sulfuric acid per ton of ore. Moreover, lower residual acid (20g/L nitric acid) is a significant advantage of NAPL. The iron residues had a high iron content (>56wt%) with no sulfur, making it suitable as raw materials for ironmaking.

Kinetic Separation of Co from Ni, Mg, Mn, and Ca via Synergistic Solvent Extraction

The combination of LIX 63 and Versatic 10 acts synergistically for the selective extraction of nickel and cobalt from impurities of manganese, magnesium, and calcium. Nickel extraction kinetics is, however, slow relative to cobalt. The present work exploited this difference to selectively remove Co (1.0 g/L) from a Ni-rich feed solution (20 g/L) containing aforementioned impurities to achieve a raffinate Ni:Co ratio > 667. Batch testing was used to assess the effect of various factors on selective metal extraction. The selective stripping of the resulting loaded organic was also assessed. The metal selectivity properties of the organic solution did not deteriorate over five cycles.

Selective extraction of nickel from ammoniacal solutions containing nickel and cobalt by emulsion liquid membrane using 5,7-dibromo-8-hydroxyquinoline (DBHQ) as extractant

The selective extraction and concentration of nickel from ammoniacal solutions containing nickel and cobalt by an emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) technique using 5,7-dibromo-8-hydroxyquinoline (DBHQ) as extractant has been presented. ELM consists of a diluent (kerosene), a surfactant (Span 80), an extractant (DBHQ), a modifier (tributyl phosphate), and a stripping solution (very dilute sulfuric acid solution containing EDTA as complexing agent, buffered at pH 4.25). Cobalt (II) in feed solution with 6 mol/L ammonia was oxidised to Cobalt (III) by H 2O 2 and pH of this ammoniacal solution was adjusted to 10.0 with the addition of hydrochloric acid (HCl). The important variables governing the permeation of nickel and their effect on the separation process have been studied. These variables were membrane composition, ammonia concentration in the feed solution, mixing speed, surfactant concentration, extractant concentration, pH of the feed and the stripping solutions, complexing agent concentration in the stripping solution, and phase ratio. After the optimum conditions had been determined, it was possible to selectively extract 99% of nickel from the ammoniacal solutions containing Ni and Co. The separation factors of nickel with respect to cobalt, based on initial feed concentration, have experimentally found to be of as high as 88.1 for about equimolar Co–Ni feed solutions.

JGC WINS NICKEL CONTRACT IN PHILIPPINES

The selective extraction of nickel and cobalt over iron from an Indonesian limonitic laterite was investigated using nitric acid pressure leaching (NAPL). The mineralogical analysis showed that the major minerals were goethite and magnetite, and the content of the divalent iron was as high as 7.06%. Nickel and cobalt were mainly distributed in these two minerals; however, the distribution was non-uniform. A series experiments were conducted to examine the basic parameters and propose the optimal conditions for the extraction. When the ore was treated via HPAL under the optimal condition, the extracted nickel and cobalt were less than 75%, and the iron concentration in the leach liquor was over 12.5 g/L. By contrast, over 85% of nickel and cobalt were extracted and about 1.8 g/L iron was achieved using NAPL. The loss of nickel and cobalt can be mainly attributed to the undissolved magnetite and manganese minerals. The leaching process of NAPL is a dissolution–oxidation–precipitation mechanism, and in this process nitric acid acts as both a lixiviant and an oxidant. The formation of hematite results in a low iron concentration in the leach liquor without oxygen injected. Meanwhile, the oxidation and the precipitation of dissolved divalent iron results in a calculated savings in acid consumption of about 120 kg nitric acid per ton of ore can be obtained, which is equal to over 93 kg of sulfuric acid per ton of ore. Moreover, lower residual acid (20 g/L nitric acid) is a significant advantage of NAPL. The iron residues had a high iron content (>56 wt%) with no sulfur, making it suitable as raw materials for ironmaking.

Extraction of nickel from Indian lateritic ores by gas-phase sulphation with SO2–air mixtures

Lateritic ore with high iron (36-46%) and low nickel (0.8-1.1%) contents from the Sukinda region of Orissa, India, was sulphated with sulphur dioxide-air mixtures to give selective extraction of the nickel. Various roasting parameters were studied, such as the partial pressures of SO2 and O2, temperature and roasting time. Selective extraction of nickel could be achieved at a SO2 partial pressure of 0.25-0.12 atm, temperature of 700°C and roasting time of 1 h. Under the optimum roasting conditions about 85% of the nickel was extracted with 4% of the iron. The reaction was observed to follow a Ginstling-Brounstein diffusion-controlled mechanism with an activation energy of about 23 kJ/mole. The nickel extraction can be improved by a further 10% through the addition of 5 wt% alkali sulphates during roasting.

亜硫酸ガス吹き込みによるマンガンノジュールの還元浸出

Pacific Ocean Manganese nodules were leached in a water or in an ammoniacal solution using sulfur dioxide as a reductant, and studies were made of the effects of various factors on the percent extraction of nickel, cobalt, copper, manganese and iron.When the ore was leached in a water using sulfur dioxide as a reductant, almost all metals were extracted completely in a short time at a room temperature. Extraction of iron was suppressed as elevating the leaching temperature, while selective extraction of nickel, cobalt and copper was not attained as far as water was used as a solvent.The selective extraction of nickel, cobalt and copper from manganese nodules was attained by using ammoniacal solution as a solvent and using sulfur dioxide as a reductant. The leaching residue was mainly composed of manganese ammonium sulfite hydroxide in an ammonia solution, while manganese carbonate was detected at the ammonium carbonate solution leaching. The extraction percentages of metallic components under optimum conditions were 99% for copper, 98% for nickel, 95% for cobalt, 3% for manganese and 1% for iron, respectively.

Dilute sulphuric-acid leaching of garnierite ore after magnetic-roasting the ore mixed with iron powder

In order to investigate sulphuric-acid leaching of garnierite ore rich in magnesia, an attempt was made to selectively extract nickel using the dilute sulphuric acid leaching method after magnetic-roasting the ore mixed with iron powder. In addition, a study was made of the effects of various factors in this process on the extraction percentages of various components. The selective extraction of nickel by dilute sulphuric acid leaching has been made possible by mixing about 5% iron powder with the garnierite and subsequently carrying out magnetic roasting at 1000°C in a water vapor atmosphere for more than 30 min. In order to raise the nickel extraction percentage while keeping low those of magnesia and iron it is advisable to lower the concentration of sulphuric acid (about 1/50), and raise the extraction temperature (about 95°C). When the leaching temperature is comparatively low (about 50°C), a weak agitation exercises more effective influence on the selective extraction of nickel. Under optimum conditions, the extraction percentages of nickel, magnesia and iron are more than 98%, less than 5%, and less than 3%, respectively.