Selection Of Entrants Research Articles

Entry decision, the Option to Delay Entry, and Business Cycles

I show that firms' ability to delay entry generates a countercyclical opportunity cost of entry and significantly amplifies the effect of the initial aggregate conditions on the selection of entrants. This mechanism enables existing firm dynamics models to reconcile the documented business cycle dynamics of US entrant establishments without leading to an excessive variation in economic aggregates. I find the observed variation of firms at entry is responsible for around three-fourths of the business cycle fluctuations. Finally, I argue that not accounting for the option to delay entry may result in misleading predictions about entrants' responses to different shocks or policies.

‘Lemonisation’ and Information Asymmetry on the Educational Services Market in Ukraine

Aim. The article aims to analyse the manifestations of information asymmetry in the market of educational services to develop proposals for improving the communication programmes of higher education institutions of Ukraine. Methods. The authors describe the display of information asymmetry in the market of educational services based on a sociological study among the 1st and 2nd-year students of Ukrainian universities, which aimed to study the criteria for choosing an educational programme. The authors used correlation analysis to assess the statistical significance of the influence of individual criteria on the selection of entrants. The survey was conducted at the universities in Ukraine that provide educational services on the bachelor’s degree specialities of 073 Management and 075 Marketing. A critical and comparative analysis of state regulatory measures to overcome information asymmetry was also applied. Results. The annual decrease in the number of university entrants in Ukraine and around the world has led to increased competition among universities, resulting in an escalation of information asymmetry in the market of educational services and its ‘lemonisation’. Conclusions. According to the results of the sociological study, despite the high availability of sources of information, at the time of entering the university, the vast majority of students did not consider themselves sufficiently informed about the benefits of studying in the chosen educational and professional programme. Several state regulatory measures have been taken to provide quality educational services in Ukraine and ensure unbiased information about universities. It was revealed that by allocating state-funded places for a specific speciality and university, the government significantly influences the choice of applicants. However, it should be noted that such impact is not very significant for applicants with high scores. Given this, the impact and effectiveness of both the state regulation system of universities in Ukraine and its specific instruments require further study. Cognitive value. The study results contribute to overcoming the asymmetry of information in the market of educational services, serve as a methodological basis for improving the communication programmes of higher education institutions, promote healthy competition among them. The findings of this study can be considered an essential contribution to future research.

ORGANIZATION CULTURE OF TRAINING SCIENTIFIC PERSONNEL: FREEDOM OF CHOICE IN THE SELECTION SYSTEM

In the context of systemic transformations, the Institute of Training of Personnel for Scientific Research focuses not only on the scientific community, but also on authorities. The changes that occurred in the Russian society at the turn of the century have revealed a serious inconsistency of the domestic university system for the training of scientific personnel, which was formed at the industrial stage of the development of society, the requirements of a society based on knowledge and information. On the one hand, the existing conservatism of university education is a way of self-preservation of the system, on the other hand, a knowledge-based society presents qualitatively new requirements for the training of scientific personnel in universities that have failed to adequately respond to the challenge of the time. The organizational culture of the German model of of university education, which not only was closer to the Russian one than the others, but also underwent significant changes in the series of numerous social upheavals and crises in the last century. As a result of the interdisciplinary analysis, the key principles of the organizational culture of German universities were revealed in the context of sociocultural transformation of society from the point of view of selection of entrants; с oncluded that the rejection of the idea of equality of all universities and the same ability of all students and the adoption of the right to «double choice» will allow universities to select the best students themselves without infringing on the rights of entrants, preserving social and strengthening academic criteria. Such an approach, in turn, will lead to strengthening of the positions of domestic universities in the world educational market in terms of the quality of the training of intellectual personnel for scientific research.

A scoping review of medical education research in family medicine.

BackgroundLittle is known about the state of education research within family medicine. As family medicine education models develop, it is important to develop an understanding of the current state of this research and develop ways to advance the field.MethodsWe conducted a scoping review of family medicine education research to describe 1) research topic areas and 2) the methodologies and methods used to study these topics. MEDLINE, Social Sciences s and ERIC electronic databases were searched. 817 full text articles from 2002 to 2012 were screened; 624 articles were included in the review.ResultsThe following research topic areas were identified: continuing education, curriculum development, undergraduate education, teaching methods, assessment techniques, selection of entrants, non-clinical skills, professional and faculty development, clinical decision-making and resident well-being. Quantitative studies comprised the large majority of research approaches; overall minimal methodological details were provided.ConclusionsOur review highlights an overall need for increased sophisticated in methodological approaches to education research in family medicine, a problem that could be ameliorated by multiple strategies including better engagement of methodologists throughout the research process. The results provide guidance for future family medicine education research programs.

CAREER GUIDANCE EXPERIENCE ABROAD

The aim of this paper is to describe the experience of careeroriented activities carried out with students of schools in developed and developing countries. Career Guidance in Russia, despite the vast experience of its implementation, is experiencing serious difficulties. In this regard, it is important to take into account the international experience career-oriented activities, such as in the developed countries of North America and the European Union as well as in several Asian countries with rapidly growing economies and a large demographic potential, taking into account the best variants for the Russian education system. Methods . The experience of career-oriented work undertaken with pupils of the USA, Canada, Israel, France, UK, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Japan, Singapore, China and India is shown on the basis of the comparative analysis of different publications and information sources. The author has made an attempt to generalize the principles of psycho-pedagogical and administrative assistance in professional self-determination of senior pupils abroad. Scientific novelty . The approaches to career-oriented activities in countries with different levels of economic development are compared for the first time. Some principles are revealed. Firstly, the higher the income level per capita in the country, the greater attention is given to vocational guidance. The politics in the developed countries is based on interests of the individual: children’s acquaintance with the world of professions begins already at younger school and the moment of definitive selfdetermination is postponed till the end of their senior stage of education; the possibility of direction change of professional preparation in case of detection of discrepancy of qualities of the pupil to originally selected profile is provided. Career-oriented activity in developing countries, on the contrary, is rigidly coordinated to requirements of economy and a labour market; earlier fixing of professional preferences and less flexible relation to an unsuccessful choice of a speciality or profession of the youth is marked there. The most typical characteristics of foreign career-oriented schemes are the following: the organisation of continuous training lasting throughout all school; supervision over students’ achievements, propensities and hobbies; portfolio or cumulative files drafting and recording data of all pupil’s results while professional consulting and selection of entrants for vocational training continuation in colleges or high schools. The author points out the general characteristic: the economy requirement for high quality experts on the basis of selection of the pupils who are able to master high-end technologies and have an obvious potential of professional growth and personal development. Practical significance . The research materials and implementations can be useful to Russian career-and professional specialists, and the experts who are engaged in education management.

Cluster Entry: Are Those Right Who Expect a Negative Selection of Member Firms?

The entry of new actors is an important, but not sufficiently examined aspect of research about regional clusters. This paper contributes to the existing literature about cluster entry by extending prior research. It incorporates the possibilities of negative and positive selection of entrants into a theoretical framework, and analyzes empirically the characteristics of cluster entrants from the cluster- and the firm-perspective. Negative selection could be caused by contribution- and benefit-asymmetry between weak and strong entrants. Positive selection could be caused by the cluster characteristics of increased transparency, enhanced competition, and the necessity of absorptive capacity. Two data sets are analyzed in this paper. Expert interviews with cluster managers are transformed into numbers and analyzed regarding potential external influence factors of selection tendencies. Further, survey data from the Ger-man automotive industry is analyzed with the goal of comparing cluster-members and non-members. Our main finding is that an industry’s technology intensity significantly influences entry tendencies. While high-tech industries are characterized by negative selection, positive selection is prevalent in medium and low-tech industries. To recheck this result we exemplified it relating to the automotive industry (medium-tech). The recheck shows that automotive companies being members of clusters are endowed with significantly better human resources than non-members, which means that positive selection is prevalent in the analyzed industry.

Entry to medical school: an audit of traditional selection requirements.

The major focus in the selection of entrants for medical school has traditionally been on academic achievement in school-leaving examinations in which certain science subjects are a requirement. A longitudinal study of 413 successful applicants was undertaken to determine the relationship of these admission criteria to subsequent performance. The findings support a correlation between overall marks in the school-leaving examination and the annual Grade Point Averages. Those students in the top quartile for marks showed a significant advantage in terms of achievement but only in the preclinical years. Despite the significant correlations no predictions could be made on the basis of overall marks. No correlation was found with levels of clinical competence during the ward clerkships or with the interdisciplinary objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) in the final examination. Marks in individual school-leaving examination subjects correlated with performance during different parts of the course but only those entrants in the top quartile for marks in physics and biology showed an advantage through to the clinical years. English marks were the least correlated and failed to confer an advantage in any year of the course. None of the correlations between school-leaving marks and grades in medical school exceeded 0.4. The predictive value of school-leaving examination marks therefore accounted for only 16% of the variance in subsequent examinations. Selection of medical students on the basis of academic criteria alone is inadequate and should be accompanied by assessment of personal qualities. This School no longer uses school-leaving marks as the primary selection instrument.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

The Marino graded word reading scale at third level: Some insights

Summary The Marino Graded Word Reading Scale, age level 12 upwards, was included in a battery of tests with the purpose of investigating the importance of the reading factor in the Home Economics Colleges of Education in the Republic of Ireland with regard to selection of entrants and prediction of study success. The scale was administered according to a phonetic marking scheme. The paper focuses on the performance of the Marino Scale which is emphasised in relation to other predictor variables, and a critical assessment is made of it.

Examination performance and the future careers of Aberdeen medical graduates.

School certificate attainment, performance at medical school, and early postgraduate career, were linked in a study of five cohorts of Aberdeen medical graduates. The results show a measure of correlation but it is argued that the time has come for long-term prospective research into the validity of selection of entrants to medical schools.

National needs in management training

The first academic appointments at the London Graduate School of Business Studies have been announced. The list makes impressive reading. It is obvious that the business schools are setting out to attract men of high calibre — and are succeeding. From the start the intention has been to set high standards, not only in staff, but in choice of subject matter and in selection of entrants. Accordingly we have, on the one hand, two professors of economics, and professors for marketing, statistics and finance and, on the other hand, plans that seem to be aimed at producing a small number of highly erudite managers each year. All this is fine as far as it goes. Anything that helps to get more systematic scientific business methods established in British industry is welcome.