Selected Water Bodies Research Articles

Effects of climate anomalies on the soil-atmosphere interaction model and its convergence with conventional climate models

The application of the Determination of the Effect of Climate Anomalies on Soil-Atmosphere Interaction (DECASAI) model is described, which allows estimating the water evaporation over bodies of water and soils, based on a thermodynamic and kinetic approach. The model studies seasonal climate anomalies with emphasis on prolonged droughts (ENSO), to predict the vulnerability of selected water bodies, in their hydraulic and pluvial aspects. The model is integrated into the Biotic Pump Theories, evapotranspiration, and other conventional models such as Orchidee using the new absent information provided by the model in their calculations. The analysis estimated the critical radius of the condensed water droplets, for application in the conventional models. The proposed model is sufficiently robust and complementary for use in certain localities located in the Hadley cells, depending on their continentality.

Comparative Analysis of Water Quality Index (WQI) from Selected Water Bodies in Different Regions of Southeast Nigeria

This study was carried out to compare the water quality index of selected water bodies in Okigwe, Imo State, Nigeria. Water samples were collected from two streams, Ihiku and Iyiechu (upstream and downstream) and the experimental research was used for this study. Several physico-chemical characteristics were analyzed in line with W.H.O, USEPA, S.O.N. The results obtained from the physico- chemical parameters ranged as follows: air shade temperature (23.3-25.0), pH (5.7-6.8), Electrical conductivity (15.5-20.4), Total hardness (33-40.5), Alkalinity (55.5-70.8), Biological Oxygen Demand (2.6-5.0), Dissolved Oxygen (6.5-8.0), Sulphate (1.8-5.7), phosphate (5.2-7.0) and silica (0.66-0.78). The result showed that there were variations in the concentration as a result of anthropogenic activities of man. The water quality index was also checked and compared to standards. The Pearson’s Correlation Moment was performed at 0.01% level. The result showed that values obtained were statistically significant. However, adequate treatment facilities that purify sewage prior to discharge or disposal should be adopted.

Geospatial Mapping and Health Status of Some Important Ornamental Fish Habitats of Upper Assam, India

To conserve and manage water resources, it is crucial to create a record of water bodies and their catchments, which can be accomplished through digitized maps. The research focused on five rivers - River Dibru, River Sessa, River Burhidihing, River Brahmaputra, as well as two wetlands of Upper Assam - Maguri Beel, and Mer Beel. These water bodies were chosen based on their abundant fishery resources. Each selected water body was divided into three segments, and one sampling station from each segment was selected for monitoring water quality and recording fish species. The distribution of the catchment area was analyzed in the form of raster maps and geomorphology maps. Based on fish landings, the water bodies were identified and classified, and fish samples were collected through regular field surveys. Over the period from January 2021 to December 2022, eleven physicochemical parameters of the selected water bodies were recorded seasonally to assess the health status of each water bodies. Similarly, the health status and growth coefficient of each fish specimen was done. Water parameters were mostly within the standard limits and demonstrated only a narrow range of seasonal variation. In the studied water bodies, 49 ornamental fish species representing 32 genera under 18 families and 8 orders were found. Among the water bodies, River Dibru had the highest number of ornamental fish species at 46. The order Cypriniformes was dominant in all the studied sites.

Assessment of Physicochemical Parameters in Selected Water Bodies in Laguna, Philippines

This study was aimed to examine the frequent variations in four selected physico-chemical parameters of surface water of two lakes in Laguna: Laguna de Bay in Calamba City and Sampaloc Lake in San Pablo City. Parameters such as conductivity, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, and temperature were determined using in-situ water quality tester. The two lakes are both freshwater body, different data are collected and observed throughout the sampling. Due to various anthropogenic activities, the lakes are biotically affected. The water quality of the two important lakes in Laguna have been compared in different parameters like pH, DO, conductivity, water temperature and color. The result indicates that both lakes are within the standard (25-31°C) of DENR Administrative Order (DAO 2016-08 for Class C), but except for water temperature which exceeds the standard value (36.37°C mean values). The results support insights about the future effects of increased water temperature on fish management and the lake ecosystem for numerous aquatic purposes. This is also for the management and call on action for the residents and local government unit in said municipalities of Laguna especially after pandemic season.

Bacterial load, multiple antibiotic-resistance patterns, and cytotoxic effects of coliform and coliform-related bacteria associated with the surface water of dhaka city

The surface water quality of Dhaka Metropolitan City was studied from June to December 2022, with special attention to coliform bacterial pollution. The aerobic heterotrophic bacteria, total coliform, and fecal coliform were high in Buriganga and Shitalakshya River water compared to other selected water bodies. The physico-chemical parameters of the selected rivers and lakes were unsatisfactory. A total of 110 isolates were obtained, of which 26 were selected for further study. Twelve Gram-positive isolates belonged to the genera Enterococcus, Micrococcus, Planococcus and Bacillus. Fourteen Gram-negative isolates belonged to the genera Escherichia, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Alcaligenes, Pseudomonas, Plesiomonas, Aeromonas and Salmonella. Most of the Gram-negative bacteria were multiple antibiotic resistant (MAR). Plesiomonas shigelloides showed the highest MAR (50%). Klebsiella oxytoca (MAR 40%) and E. coli (MAR 30%) showed a positive cytotoxic effect on the non-cancer cell line. Coliform bacteria associated with the surface water of Dhaka City pose a serious health threat to city dwellers. Bangladesh J. Bot. 53(1): 41-48, 2024 (March)

Analysis of heavy metals and pathogen levels in vegetables cultivated using selected water bodies in urban areas of the Greater Accra Metropolis of Ghana

Open-surfaced water sources have been used to irrigate vegetable farms in cities. Open-surface water often contains unmonitored concentrations of health-threatening contaminants that pose health risks, especially when used to produce vegetables for human consumption. However, information on levels of heavy metals and faecal coliform bacteria in such vegetables in selected sites, especially in Greater Accra Metropolitan Area (GAMA) of Ghana is rare. This study examines the levels of heavy metals and faecal coliform in two vegetables-lettuce and bell pepper - that were cultivated using open-surface wastewater from drains and constructed reservoirs at different locations of the GAMA. Using concurrent mixed methods, questionnaires were administered to 67 vegetable farmers, followed by the collection of vegetable samples from three urban farm sites, Haatso and Dzorwulu and Weija irrigation scheme site (WISS) for laboratory analysis. The concentrations of Lead (Pb), Mercury (Hg) and Cadmium (Cd) were determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy after microwave digestion of the vegetables while total faecal coliform was quantified using MacConkey-Endo broth method. The results from all three sites showed that the concentrations of Cd (=0.001 μg/mg) and Pb (=0.005 μg/mg) in lettuce were within the World Health Organization's (WHO) permissible levels. However, the Hg (≥0.309 μg/mg) and faecal coliform (>5 count/100 ml) in the vegetables from all three sites exceeded the WHO permissible limits. Therefore, consumers of vegetables from such urban farms are exposed to health risks associated with Hg and faecal coliforms. There is the need to intensify education on the health risks of consuming vegetables produced from open-surface water sources from the observed sites. The enforcement of existing phytosanitary standards to enhance food safety and the quality of urban vegetables is also recommended.

A Desktop Assessment of Ozone Micro-Nanobubble Technology for Algae and PFAS Removal from Surface Water Bodies Using Open-Source Water Quality Data

Ozone is an excellent oxidant and helps in breaking down both organic and inorganic compounds; this effect is further enhanced when it decomposes into hydroxyl radicals. Several studies confirm the good performance of ozonation and micro-nanobubble technology in eradicating algae and per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances. However, very little is known about the application of ozone micro-nanobubble technology in small-scale treatment; hence, this research aims to assess the potential of this technology. A survey was performed to obtain the water quality parameters of some selected water bodies via relevant open-source databases. The water quality was compared against the Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) guidelines to identify those that did not meet the criteria and it was identified that 18% of the surface water bodies were below the recommended guidelines. The identified water sources were then used for the treatment simulation, which applies the literature-reported % removal of water quality parameters to predict the effectiveness of ozone micro-nanobubble technology for the selected water sources in this study. Furthermore, the time (dose) that is needed for the treatment using this technology was estimated based on the surface area of the water bodies. The scalability study was conducted to assess how many water bodies could be treated within a day using a 50 m3/h flow rate, which yielded a value of 27%. It was concluded that ozone micro-nanobubble technology can treat algae and per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances in surface waters as part of their treatment process by reducing treatment frequency and environmental impacts. By observing the benefits of ozone micro-nanobubble technology, there is a considerable chance that the surface water bodies in the City of Salisbury and, therefore, other small-scale water treatment plants, will be healthier after undergoing this process. This study demonstrated the advantages of applying open-source water quality data as a quick approximation of the evaluation of new treatment techniques, which will help engineers to better predict the performance of the designed field trials.

Occurrence and documentation of stork species in selected water bodies of Kota region, Rajasthan, India

Occurrence and documentation of stork species in selected water bodies of Kota region, Rajasthan, India

Study on Transmission of Visible Light in Selected Water Bodies of Southwest Nigeria for Underwater Wireless Optical Communication

A study on the transmission of visible light (400 nm-800 nm) in some selected natural water bodies of Southwest Nigeria was carried out via spectroscopy, and their salinity, total dissolved solids, and electrical conductivity were obtained. Samples of ten selected water bodies comprising rivers, lagoons, and the Atlantic Ocean were taken namely: River Ala, River Ogbese, River Kinira, River Apake, River Odo-Oru, River Odo-Eran, Epe Lagoon, Lagos Lagoon (Lekki Phase 1), Lagos Lagoon (Victoria Island) and the Atlantic Ocean. The absorption of light in them was measured using a spectrophotometer. From the results of the measurements, the rivers showed less conductivity, total dissolved solids, and salinity compared to the lagoons, and the Atlantic Ocean. The Atlantic Ocean gave the highest value. Also, there is varying optical attenuation with different wavelengths. At shorter wavelengths (blue light), there is higher absorbance with an increase in salinity compared to longer wavelengths (red light). At the infra-red end (750 nm – 800 nm), all the samples showed increased absorbance compared to the absorbance at red wavelength (700 nm). From the measurements, an optical beam of a wavelength of 650 nm was found most suitable for optical communication across these water bodies. The transmission was simulated at this wavelength for the water bodies using OptiSystem software linked with MATLAB at different data rates, and their performance was investigated in terms of received quality factor and bit error rate. The quality factor reduces with an increase in salinity, while the bit error rate increases with an increase in salinity.

Assessment of Microplastic Pollution in Selected Water Bodies in Rivers State, Nigeria

This study aimed to assess of microplastic pollution in selected water bodies in River State, Nigeria. Two water bodies, one fresh water (New Calabar River) and one estuary (Bonny River) were sampled in the present study for presence of microplastics in water, sediment and fish samples in the aquatic milieu. Microplastics were extracted using standard methods and were characterized using GCMS. Four plastic types namely polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polystyrene, polypropylene was detected in all samples. Likewise, four plasticizers namely dioctyl terephthalates, polybrominated diphenyl ether, acrylic fibre and tetrabromobisphenol A were all detected in sediment, water and fish samples from Bonny River and New Calabar River. FTIR analysis of microplastics showed patterns typical of polystyrene. This study has shown that water, sediment and fish samples contain microplastics. This is a worrisome development as the water are used for domestic purposes among persons resident along the water courses and the fish species sampled is commonly available as source of protein for majority of persons. This calls for greater enlightenment on the possible danger of microplastics pollution in the study area and for measures to check macroplastics pollution, which bring about microplastics pollution in the aquatic environment. Such measures should include promotion of the use of plant material as food wrappings and to dissuade dumping of solid waste in the rivers.

Pollution Status of Inland Waterways Serving as Receptacles to Plastic Waste in Rivers State, Nigeria

This study aimed at ascertaining the physicochemical characteristics of selected water bodies receiving solid plastic waste in Rivers State, Nigeria. Surface water and sediment samples were analysed for physicochemical parameters. Water, sediment and fish samples were monitored for presence of polychlorinated bisphenols (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). All physicochemical parameters monitored in Bonny River water and sediment samples were within WHO acceptable. However, the concentrations of nitrate and phosphate (62.675 and 1.28 ppm) in New Calabar River water samples were above WHO limits of 10 and 1 ppm respectively. The Cd values (0.045-8.27 mg/l) at both locations exceeded WHO 0.003 mg/l limit. Likewise, Mn concentrations (6.02-15.5 mg/l) exceeded WHO 5.5 mg/l. Mercury (0.075-1.39 mg/l) was the lowest occurring heavy metal in the water samples but the concentration was still high enough for concern, as the possibility for bioaccumulation in fish species in the river was high. Chloride levels (318.375-423.045 mg/l) in the water samples exceeded WHO limit of 250 mg/l for drinking water. The samples also had high iron content (0.635-16.19 mg/l). PAHs concentrations (252.0155-3533.14 ppm) in the water samples far exceeded the safe level of 10 mg/l for drinking water standard. PCBs levels in all fish samples (21.56-83.08 ppm) exceeded WHO maximum limit of 0.2 mg/kg Surface water, sediment and fish sampled contained objectionable concentrations of heavy metals, PCBs and PAHs. Users of these rivers for domestic purposes are at high risk of chemical poisoning from heavy metals, PCBs and PAHs.

An integrated approach to rank prospective sites for wind-powered Pumped Storage Hydroelectric plants to meet rising demand in the Indian subcontinent

With a paradigm shift towards renewable energy in the power sector, different sustainable energy-extracting mechanisms have sprung up. Among these, wind-powered Pumped Storage Hydroelectric (PSH) plants make use of the virtues of both wind and hydro energy. Being a hybrid system, it has found prominence across the world, making significant contributions to energy reliability and sustainability. However, in the Indian subcontinent, a region that is rapidly transitioning its energy dependence on fossil fuels to cleaner, greener sources, the presence of PSH power is still constrained. This work studies different locations in India under seven criteria from technical, geological, and socioeconomic perspectives that affect the construction of wind-powered PSH plants in India. Seven different water bodies from the country are selected and weighed against these criteria. A Fuzzy-Complex Proportional Assessment (Fuzzy-COPRAS) approach is then used for their comparison. The selected water bodies are ranked according to their suitability for constructing a wind-powered PSH plant. The authors conclude that the Tehri Dam Reservoir in the state of Uttarakhand and the Bhakhra Nangal Dam Reservoir in Himachal Pradesh are the top two optimal choices for profitable wind-powered PSH plant construction in India. The presented methodology aims to provide a guideline for policymakers and investors in their goal of promoting wind-powered PSH generation in India and can be replicated for different regions and other forms of renewable energy as well.

Population structure and genetic diversity of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) using microsatellite markers from selected water bodies in southwest Ethiopia.

The Ethiopian southwest drainage has been designated a huge potential for fishery and aquaculture development. However, the genetic diversity of Nile tilapia along the main water bodies has yet to be uncovered. Therefore, this study used microsatellite markers to assess the genetic structure and diversity of Nile cichlid (Oreochromis niloticus) populations. One hundred and sixty-seven fish were collected from Alwero Dam, Baro River, Gilgel Gibe I Dam and Gojeb River southwest of Ethiopia. Genomic DNA was extracted from 40 tissue samples using a Qiagen DNA tissue extraction kit and genetic polymorphism was estimated using GenAlEx6.502 software. The result showed that four loci were polymorphic and produced 3-6 alleles per locus, while the number of effective alleles (Ne) and the number of distinct alleles (Na) were 1.370 and 2.063, respectively. Observed heterozygosity (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He) were expanded between 0.100.50 and 0.115-0.265, respectively. Baro River population revealed the highest mean expected heterozygosity of 0.265, whereas the lowest expected mean heterozygosity of 0.115 was from the Alwero Dam. The genetic differentiation between populations (FST) resulted in a moderate to a very high degree of divergence between the populations. The Alwero Dam and Gojeb River populations were the most divergent populations (FST=0.524), unlike those from the Alwero Dam and Baro River. The genetic variation among individuals within populations was 69%, whereas 31% appeared among populations and no variation within individuals to the overall variance. This study confirmed the presence of significant genetic variations and differentiation among populations except between Gilgel Gibe I Dam and Gojeb River. This study highlights the genetic structure and differentiation amongst wild Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) populations in south-western Ethiopia and paves the way for selective aquaculture breeding programs in the study area.

Resistance genes and plasmid profile of bacteria Isolated from selected water bodies in Owo Metropolis

Resistance genes and plasmid profile of bacteria Isolated from selected water bodies in Owo Metropolis

Resistance genes and plasmid profile of bacteria Isolated from selected water bodies in Owo Metropolis

Aquatic samples from three water bodies were collected following laid down procedures. The bacteria were isolated using, Eosin Methylene Blue agar (EMB), Mannitol salt agar (MSA), Thiosulfate-Citrate-Bile Salts-Sucrose (TCBS) Agar, Muller Hinton (MH). The isolates were subjected to colonial, morphological and biochemical characterization. Pathogenicity test was carried out on the isolates using blood agar to determine their hemolytic activities. Antibiotic resistance status was also investigated against standard antibiotics using the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method and the multiple antibiotic resistance indices of the isolates were also determined. The plasmid profiles were determined and the resistance genes were identified using molecular means. The bacteria species isolated were Veillonella Spp, Vibrio orientalis and Micrococcus luteus. Veillonella Spp showed Beta hemolysis while Micrococcus luteus showed alpha hemolysis and Vibrio orientalis showed gamma hemolysis. Antibiotic susceptibility test showed all isolates to be antibiotic resistant to varying degrees and multiple antibiotic resistance indices (MARi) depending on their level of resistance. Veillonella. spp. had MARi of 0.3 while M. luteus and V. orietalis had MARi of 0.5. Plasmid profiling showed all isolates to have plasmids with bandwidth of 10,000 bp. Vibrio spp and Veillonella Spp were positive for beta lactamase genes (bla SHV). Only Vibrio was positive for resistance to aminoglycosides (aac(3)-IV). Vibrio orientalis and Micrococcus luteus were found to have the resistance genes for quinolones (qnrA gene) while all the isolates possess genes against the sulphonamides (sul1 gene) used. The result of this work establishes the antibiotic resistance status of bacteria isolated from aquatic habitat and suggests their important role in the spread of antimicrobial resistance AMR, and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs)

The Effect of Flood Regime on Water Quality and Plankton Distribution in Bosso Area, Minna, Niger State

Flooding endangers lives and property, and it can lead to surface water pollution, reducing access to potable water and destroying wildlife habitats. This study investigated the effect of flood on water quality and plankton in two selected water bodies in within Minna Metropolis, Niger state, Nigeria. Water samples were collected for physicochemical parameters and plankton identification using standard methods and procedures. Samples were collected for a period of six (6) months (April to September 2021). The result of the physiochemical parameters showed temperature (26.0-28.5°C), flow velocity (0.23 to 0.26 m/s), dissolved oxygen (6.4-10.0mg/l), turbidity (30-240 NTU), pH (7.21-7.53), TSS (0.04-0.04), electrical conductivity (69-228 µS/cm) and total dissolved solid (60-220 mg/l). Most of these parameters were within the WHO permissible limits. From all the parameters measured, temperature, DO, pH and TSS showed no significance difference (p>0.05) between the water bodies while turbidity, total alkalinity, electrical conductivity and total dissolved solid exhibit significant difference (p<0.05) between the water bodies with Fadipe Pool recording higher values in most of the parameters. A total of 12 phytoplankton species were identified comprising of 3 families which are Bacillariophyceae (2), Chlorophyceae (6), and Cyanophyceae (4). For the zooplankton, a total of 11 species are made up of 3 taxa which are Cladocera (4), Copepoda (2), and Rotifera (5). In this study, several plankton species that serve as indicator organisms were identified which is indication of a disturbed water bodies.

Monitoring of water quality in selected water bodies in the Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation

Monitoring of water quality in selected water bodies in the Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation

Diversity of Aquatic Insects in Relation to the Physicochemical Parameters of the Selected Water Bodies from Punjab, India

Diversity of aquatic insects in relation to the physicochemical parameters of the two selected ponds of Bathinda region was studied from December, 2021 to May, 2022. A total of 430 individuals of aquatic insects belonging to five orders were collected and identified (upto genus level). More number of insects was recorded from the pond I as compared to pond II. Number of physical and chemical parameters such as temperature, pH, transparency, total alkalinity, water salinity, dissolved oxygen, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, free carbon dioxide, chloride, ammonium nitrogen and orthophosphate levels were also studied to demonstrate the quality of water.

Endemic Larvivorous Fish Fauna in Vicinities of Selected Water Bodies of Doon Valley (Uttarakhand)

Endemic Larvivorous Fish Fauna in Vicinities of Selected Water Bodies of Doon Valley (Uttarakhand)

Genetic diversity and prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in aquatic environments receiving untreated hospital effluents.

The spread of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria in the environment has been recognized as a challenge to public health. The aim of the present study was to assess the occurrence of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae from selected water bodies receiving hospital effluents in Kerala, India. Nearly 69.8% of Enterobacteriaceae isolates were multi-drug resistant by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The double disc synergy test was used to detect the ESBL production and the genes responsible for imparting resistance were detected by PCR. Conjugation experiments confirmed the mechanism of plasmid-mediated transfer of resistance. The prevalence of ESBL production in E. coli and K. pneumoniae was 49.2 and 46.8%, respectively. Among the ESBL-encoding genes, blaCTX-M was the most prevalent group followed by blaTEM, blaOXA, blaCMY, and blaSHV. The results suggest that healthcare settings are one of the key contributors to the spread of ESBL-producing bacteria, not only through cross-transmission and ingestion of antibiotics but also through the discharge of waste without a proper treatment, leading to harmful effects on the aquatic environment. The high prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae with resistance genes in public water bodies even post-treatment poses a serious threat.