Selection Of Research Methods Research Articles

Informal Language Learning in Online Interest Communities: A Review of Selected Research Methods

Online interest groups respond to different social and emotional needs of their members. Web 2.0 allows them not only to receive and consume online content but also to participate, create, and share. Thus, these groups can also function as communities where informal language learning can occur naturally or with the help of others. This process and learning experience are worth studying, given the learner’s autonomy and, at times, the collaborative nature of this process. The objective of this article is to reflect upon English language learning in online interest-driven groups, focusing on the strengths and weaknesses of selected research methods such as virtual ethnography, grounded theory, and mixed methods. These methods may be helpful for researching informal language learning in online interest communities, as they may enable an in-depth examination and a better understanding of the researched context.

Diagnostic Errors in Obstetric Morbidity and Mortality: Methods for and Challenges in Seeking Diagnostic Excellence.

Pregnancy-related morbidity and mortality remain high across the United States, with the majority of deaths being deemed preventable. Misdiagnosis and delay in diagnosis are thought to be significant contributors to preventable harm. These diagnostic errors in obstetrics are understudied. Presented here are five selected research methods to ascertain the rates of and harm associated with diagnostic errors and the pros and cons of each. These methodologies include clinicopathologic autopsy studies, retrospective chart reviews based on clinical criteria, obstetric simulations, pregnancy-related harm case reviews, and malpractice and administrative claim database research. We then present a framework for a future study of diagnostic errors and the pursuit of diagnostic excellence in obstetrics: (1) defining and capturing diagnostic errors, (2) targeting bias in diagnostic processes, (3) implementing and monitoring safety bundles, (4) leveraging electronic health record triggers for case reviews, (5) improving diagnostic skills via simulation training, and (6) publishing error rates and reduction strategies. Evaluation of the effectiveness of this framework to ascertain diagnostic error rates, as well as its impact on patient outcomes, is required.

Green Horizons Ahead: Navigating Carbon Neutrality in European Transportation by Sky and Sea

Abstract Research purpose. As carbon neutrality gains momentum, industries worldwide are navigating the challenges and opportunities posed by sustainability goals. This article delves into the strategies undertaken by airlines and maritime companies to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050 in the European Union (EU). The aim of the research is to explore how the aviation and maritime industries in Europe can effectively transition towards carbon neutrality by 2050, considering their similar technological challenges and opportunities. The objective of this research was to identify and compare currently utilized sustainability initiatives in aviation and maritime companies. The focus is on new insight from airline and maritime companies concentrating on their sustainability practices. Common hurdles, innovative solutions, and shared opportunities in the pursuit of environmental sustainability are explored. Design / Methodology / Approach. The selected research method was qualitative research, which was conducted with in-depth and semi-structured interviews and content analysis. Interviews were conducted with airline company and association representatives and maritime company, research, and education experts. The content analysis was based on sustainability reports and sustainability sections of annual reports. Key findings were synthesized into a theoretical framework and this research explores practical initiatives for a sustainable transformation process. Findings. The call to reduce carbon emissions has been initiated by the EU affecting the transportation sector, particularly aviation and maritime industries where the path to achieving carbon neutrality is constrained by significant technical limitations. Despite these challenges, both sectors share a unified objective according to EU climate targets. Both the aviation and maritime industries face challenges on the path to carbon neutrality. Airlines struggle with the limitations of current aviation technology, hindering the feasibility of large-scale technological advancements. Similarly, maritime companies confront regulatory complexities and infrastructure limitations in the adoption of alternative fuels and emission-reduction technologies since the commonly used tactics of reducing fuel consumption by optimizing speed, routes and scheduling are no longer adequate ways and the energy needs of the shipping industry cannot be met only with battery technology. Originality / Value / Practical implications. These challenges offer opportunities for innovation and collaboration. Investments in research and development are driving advancements in electric and hydrogen aircraft, while the maritime industry is also trying to find hydrogen-based solutions for greener development, but the technologies are not widely available. This leads towards combining bio-oils and technological innovations related to the fleet. Case study 1 sheds light on airline sustainability in Europe, revealing strategies and initiatives that European airlines are currently utilizing in their sustainable transformation journey. Case study 2 explores different means of achieving carbon neutrality in the maritime industry, in particular the potential of common reed (Phragmites australis) as a carbon offset tool for reaching net zero. Both industries are making significant strides towards carbon neutrality through a combination of technological innovation, operational efficiencies, and strategic partnerships. Towards green horizons as transport industries converge on the path to carbon neutrality.

Selecting Research Methods to Address Clinical Questions.

Selecting Research Methods to Address Clinical Questions.

Development and establishment of a patient advisory board for forensic psychiatric patients - Insights and experiences from the PART project

IntroductionParticipatory research (PF) actively involves people with lived experience (pwle), e.g. for a disease, in research. This improves the relevance, quality and impact of research and can help to raise third-party funds, increase recruitment numbers, select research methods. Pwle can support all stages of the research process, including dissemination. While PF is already standard in other countries, Germany is still lagging behind. Our participatory advisory board aims to create a sustainable structure to involve underrepresented patients.ObjectivesIn the PART advisory board, pwle and researchers should actively cooperate in projects in the field of forensic psychiatry. In preparation to establish the advisory board procedures, key documents and training material were developed. In addition experiences, opinions, ideas and concerns of stakeholders and pwle in relation to PF were collected.MethodsGuided interviews were conducted with stakeholders (clinical, research) and focus groups with in-patient pwle from forensic psychiatry. They were asked how they imagine the structure, tasks and goals of a participatory advisory board, what opportunities and obstacles they see. Anticipated framework conditions and support needs for the successful implementation were also asked. The interviews and focus groups were audio-recorded and transcribed. Data was analysed with MAXQDA using thematic analysis.ResultsIn total, 8 expert interviews and 2 focus groups with 15 pwle were conducted in the first half of the year 2023. The analysis so far shows great interest in PF, although the term is mostly unknown and experience seems to be limited. The respondents identified opportunities for participatory research, but also challenges that need to be overcome in terms of its implementation. Both groups emphasise the importance of PF, especially in the field of mental illness, and express ideas for its implementation.ConclusionsThe results will be incorporated into the structure of the advisory board, so that PF in the field of forensic psychiatry will be more successful and the exchange between researchers and pwle will be facilitated. Detailed results as well as impressions from the first meeting(s) of the advisory board will be presented at the EPA conference.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Antecedents of energy consumption intention to usage by home energy management system: a case study of Galicia's homes in Spain

The residential sector is a substantial consumer of energy in Spain. A new electricity tariff was applied in Spain to make home consumers manage their energy consumption based on the variation of electricity price during the day, which contributes to energy security, increases the penetration of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) into the grid, maintains grid stability, and reduce CO2 emissions. To ensure the successful implementation of the new Demand Response (DR) program, it is necessary to investigate the factors that might affect home energy consumers to use the Home Energy Management System (HEMS). This work aims to examine the factors that affect the Spanish home energy consumers' acceptance to participate in DR, which have not been studied yet after the new electricity tariff. In addition, highlighting the role of economic benefits and environmental awareness factors in the acceptance of participating in DR using HEMS. The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is used in this work with four independent factors, attitude toward use as a mediating effect, and one dependent variable of intention to use, then hypotheses were set for each. The selected research method was a diagnostic survey technique through a standardized survey questionnaire distributed in person and online, that Galicia, Northwest Spain was taken as a case study. In terms of the statistical results of Probability value (P-value) and Critical Ratio (C.R.), it was found that the family's economic benefits and environmental awareness affect the attitude toward using HEMS after the new electricity tariff in Spain and attitude toward using HEMS has a significant impact on the intention to use HEMS. However, the usefulness and ease of using HEMS for managing energy consumption do not influence the consumers' attitudes toward adopting HEMS. The direct effect of usefulness on the intention of using HEMS is higher than the indirect effect through attitude. Thus, the mediating effect of the attitude to the relationships between usefulness and intention to use is not significant. The results help the Spanish policymakers to draw up policies to effectively disseminate strategies to encourage home consumers to contribute to energy security and assist energy management researchers in incorporating key factors that impact energy consumers into their proposed models. By doing so, these models can clarify the financial and environmental advantages of effective energy consumption management, thereby encouraging energy consumers to adopt more sustainable practices.

Підготовка майбутніх фізичних терапевтів до складання програми фізичної терапії для дітей середнього шкільного віку з хворобою Літтла

The article revealed the issue of professional training of future physical therapists for the preparation of a physical therapy program for middle school children with Little's disease, where it was taken into account that each patient had an individual physical therapy program according to the patient's categorical profile of the ICF, selected research methods and determined physical therapy methods. The purpose of the study was to analyze the preparation for the development of a program of physical therapy for children of secondary school age with Little's disease, which future physical therapists will be able to use in their professional activities. The physical therapy program was developed for a boy, 11 years old, who has the main diagnosis: Little's disease, concomitant diseases: mild mental retardation, valgus deformity of the lower limbs, congenital. A categorical profile was determined according to the short basic set of ICF DP for a child of middle school age (11 years) with Little's disease (spastic diplegia). The physical therapy program included the following methods: therapeutic exercises, mobility training and walking with aids, massage, training on an exercise bike and a home program (fitball exercises to relax muscles, improve balance, gymnastic exercises to increase muscle strength of the upper limbs, improving posture, exercises to improve the mobility of the joints of the lower extremities, strengthening the skills of standing and walking with a walker, games and gymnastics for the fingers (development of the manipulative function of the hands), treatment of position). The study showed that in order to draw up a physical therapy program for patients with Little's disease, it is necessary to determine the research methods, obtain the initial data based on them, compile a categorical profile of the patient according to the ICF, and choose physical therapy methods and their dosage according to the obtained results.

Mediation of work-family support and affective commitment between family supportive supervisor Behaviour and workplace deviance

Employees' Workplace Deviant Behavior (WDB) is an organizational threat to its sustainability. This study examines the impact of the supervisors’ role in improving organizational behavior because of the gap in the body of knowledge indicating the inconsistency, paucity, and uncertainties of relationships between variables when relating to their underpinning theories. The conceptualized model consists of the impact of family supportive supervisor behavior (FSSB) on workers' workplace deviant behavior (WDB) while considering Affective Commitment and Work-Family Supportive Behavior Attribution between the key variables. In terms of methodology, this quantitative study analyzed 321 valid surveys through descriptive and inferential statistics to ascertain if FSSB negatively impacts employees' WDB. As findings and novelty of this study, FSSB is found to negatively affect employees' WDB, while affective commitment mediates between FSSB and employees' WDB. Work-family supportive behavior attribution and personal life attribution of employees moderated the negative relationship between affective commitment and WDB, while work productivity attribution of employees had no significant effect as a moderator. With three (out of four) hypotheses supported by empirical evidence, this research has broadened previous studies of workers' WDB and offers organizations theoretical and practical recommendations for managing employees' WDB. More studies could be conducted in the future to address limitations in this research, examine other related theories in a new context, location, and/or culture, or select other suitable research methods.

Thematic and Methodological Analysis of National and International Theses on Curriculum Implementation

The current study aims to conduct a thematic and methodological analysis of national and international theses on curriculum implementation. The theses to be included in this study, which was designed as descriptive content analysis, were determined by criterion sampling, one of the purposive sampling methods. A total of 363 theses, 21 national and 342 international, were included in the study. Research data were collected with the "Thesis Evaluation Form" developed by the researchers. In the content analysis of the data, categorical analysis and frequency analysis were used. The results of the research showed that the implementation of the curriculum in national theses was mostly discussed under the theme of curriculum development and curriculum evaluation, while in international theses, the themes studied on the curriculum implementation were more diverse and specific to the implementation process of the curriculum. While mixed methods and quantitative research methods were preferred in national theses, qualitative research methods were mostly used in international theses. In accordance with the selected research method, mixed method research designs, maximum diversity and convenience sampling methods, use of interviews and scales, descriptive statistics and content analysis were utilized in national theses. On the other hand, in international theses, qualitative case study design, purposeful sampling method, data collection through interviews, observations and documents, and data analysis with coding technique were frequently employed. The sample group of both national and international theses is mostly teachers. It is thought that the findings obtained within the scope of this research will be useful in terms of understanding the studies on the implementation of the curricula and guiding future studies to be carried out in the field.

EDUCATION IN THE PHYSICAL CULTURE OF STUDENTS

Modern youth must orient themselves to new technologies, possess a wide range of competencies, make independent decisions, and show a creative approach to solving emerging problems. The presence of all the listed aspects in the younger generation can be guaranteed only by developing research skills. However, it is necessary to form these skills taking into account the requirements of the modern world and the accelerating technological progress. The phenomenon of STEM education, which is gaining popularity, can be considered one of the areas of innovation in recent pedagogy. Many countries are already implementing STEM ideas in educational institutions, achieving positive results in increasing the importance of education.
 The relevance of the study is confirmed by the presence contradiction between the need to modernize approaches, forms, methods, technologies for the formation of research skills and the predominance of traditional education models. The revealed contradiction allowed us to formulate a research problem: what are the possibilities of using STEM education in the process of physical education of students? The following were used to achieve the goal of research methods: psychological analysis-pedagogical literature on the problem of research, modeling of the process of physical education of schoolchildren in the conditions of implementation of STEM education. The publication reveals the concepts and principles of STEM education and describes the requirements for STEM projects and STEM lessons in general and in physical culture in particular. Examples of the implementation of STEM technologies in the physical education of students of general secondary education institutions are given.
 A special place is given to information and computer technologies in the implementation of STEM education. It was determined that STEM education is an innovative approach to the development of a modern school, which provides support for modern education in the country and contributes to increasing the level of formation of research skills of schoolchildren. The formation of research skills in physical education students in the conditions of STEM education is a system of purposeful work on design, modeling and construction. The model (project) should consist of interconnected modules: target (represented by the social order of modern society and approaches, principles, tasks that ensure the achievement of the set goal); meaningful (revealed by a specially developed additional educational program); organizational and operational (characterized by a complex of methods, forms and means, necessary for the effective formation of research skills in schoolchildren); evaluation-resultative. Emphasis is placed on the fact that the structure of physical education skills of schoolchildren acquired through the elements of STEM education consists of four groups: organizational (skills that allow planning and effectively organizing research work); search (skills that have the ability to find a research problem and select adequate research methods for solving it); informational (skills involving work with literary and technical means of information); evaluation (skills that allow you to argue your opinion in the evaluation of your own and third-party works).

Evaluation of microbiological efficiency of use of pulsed ultraviolet devices in medical organization

Objective. To study bactericidal effect of continuous spectrum ultraviolet radiation on hospital flora and evaluate microbiological efficiency of using portable pulsed ultraviolet unit for disinfection of air and open surfaces in a medical organization. During the study, it was found that the selected research methods probably did not allow to achieve higher values of disinfection efficiency in shorter processing times.Materials and methods. The strains of microorganisms that were used for the study were taken from various loci from patients of the department of anesthesiology and intensive care for children with cardiac pathology on the first day of their transfer from various medical organizations, as well as museum strains from the collection of microorganisms of the laboratory. Single-use plastic Petri dishes with nutrient media in the laboratory were artificially contaminated with test strains. Air samples were taken during the work shift by aspiration using a Krotov’s apparatus. Wipes were taken with a sterile cotton swab dipped in nutrient medium.Results. No colonies of multiresistant K. pneumoniae, S. aureus, E. coli were detected in the samples as a result of exposure to a pulsed ultraviolet radiation source in a mode № 1; the efficiency of the action was 99.9–100%. With the regimen № 2 the efficacy was 83.33–99.9%. Assessment of microbiological efficiency of the disinfected open surfaces and air in a small operating room and a dressing room showed that the level of air contamination did not exceed the permissible level.Conclusions. It has been experimentally proved that pulsed UV radiation of broadband spectrum has high bactericidal activity against microorganisms of hospital environments.

Lekka opowieść o tym, co słychać u innych. Anegdota w badaniach historycznoteatralnych

The aim of this article is to draw the attention to the formation process of the theatre history on the basis of the dominant perception of phenomena, relations between them and the oeuvre of the artists, which has been shaped by the selected research methods. The material, which constitutes the exemplification for the necessity of turning towards the unconventional readings of the sources seen as not so credible, is the autobiography, with the special focus on the anecdotes which are prevalent in it.

Оrganisational and methodological foundations for health- improving dance fitness classes for pre-school children

The article scientifically substantiates and presents the most optimal content and organizational features of health-improving and recreational classes with elements of sports dances for preschool children. The article also shows the validity of the research methods carried out, their adequacy in relation to the object, subject, purpose and objectives of the work. The developed organizational and methodological guidelines for dance fitness classes for preschool children were aimed at acquiring primary knowledge about the content, rhythms, features of sports dances and the study of basic steps, focused on the child, taking into account his interests, aimed at a harmonious comprehensive education of a creative person. The effectiveness of the developed structure of fitness classes was determined using physiological research methods. To achieve this goal, the following research methods were used: theoretical analysis of Special Scientific and methodological literature and documentary materials, physiological research methods, statistical processing of the obtained data. The study involved 24 preschool-age children: boys and girls aged 5-6 years who are engaged in sports dancing. With the help of statistical selected research methods, the structure and content of health-improving and recreational classes with elements of sports dances for preschool children were determined and the impact of classes on the functional capabilities of the child's body was determined.
 As a result of the study, organizational and methodological guidelines for health and Recreation Classes with elements of sports dances for preschool children were presented and the influence of the proposed fitness program on the functional state of preschool children was determined.

Калмыцкая повседневность в годы Первой мировой войны: будни мобилизации населения на тыловые работы в Калмыцкой степи Астраханской губернии в 1916 г.

Introduction. The paper examines traditional Kalmyk society during WWI. The Soviet-era historiography dealing with the issue in question is limited to few articles published in the 1960s–1980s. More attention has been paid to the topic relatively recently, and some of its aspects need further additions, since this tends to become relevant enough in the light of present-day international relations and the need to strengthen historical unity of peoples constituting our nation. Goals. The work specifically aims to provide additional insights into everyday life of Kalmyk nomads during WWI and primarily — the 1916 mobilization activities in Kalmyk uluses. Materials and methods. The article analyzes of a wide range of official documents stored at the National Archive of Kalmykia, the bulk of the latter be newly introduced into scientific circulation. The work employs a set of general scientific and special historical research methods, of which the principles of historicism, objectivity and system-oriented analysis are of paramount importance. The synthesis of sources involved and the selected research methods has yielded a reliable picture of Kalmyk realities in the face of war-driven anxiety. Results. Unlike many regions of Russia, the economy of Kalmyk Steppe (Astrakhan Governorate) was based on nomadic and semi-nomadic livestock breeding and did maintain its stability. However, this stability was ensured by large and medium-scale livestock breeders who were to increase food (and other) production to meet the increased demand of war time. For the poor and some middle-class peasants the war brought additional hardships, including the particularly burdensome mobilization for rear services in the front-line provinces.

Hygienic assessment of palm oil content in dairy products as a measure of health protection

Nutrition provides the most important function of the human body, providing it with the energy it needs for an active life and longevity. Experts of the World Health Organization have proven that eating palm oil leads to obesity and the development of chronic diseases on a global scale. The aim of the study was to examine different types of dairy products of brands popular on the modern Ukrainian market for the content of palm oil. Materials and methods. To carry out the research, we purchased the following dairy products: pasteurized milk, pasteurized milk-containing drink, sour cream, milk-containing sour cream product, hard cheese and cheese product, processed cheese and processed cheese product, as well as sweet cream butter and vegetable cream product of popular brands. The research was carried out using the methods described in the educational literature on the hygienic examination of milk and dairy products. The choice of methods was based on ease of implementation and reproducibility at home. Results. As a result of the use of selected research methods, characteristic differences between natural products and those containing palm oil have been established. The conducted research will allow consumers to quickly determine the content of vegetable fats in dairy products under normal conditions and choose natural, healthy and safe products for their nutrition. Conclusion. After analyzing the milk and milk-containing products of the most popular brands for the presence of palm oil in their composition, we found that no vegetable fats were found in dairy products (milk, cheese, butter, and sour cream). The presence of vegetable fat was detected in milk-containing products, which was indicated on the packaging as part of the products. So, as a result of the conducted research, we came to the conclusion that manufacturers comply with the requirements of current legislation and warn consumers about the presence of fats of vegetable origin in milk-containing products

Study of Adhesion-Cohesion Interactions between Polymers in Adhesive Compositions

The results of the research prove that adhesives based on chloroprene rubber can be obtained not only in combination with phenol-formaldehyde resins, but also with other polymers. Selected chlorobutyl rubber (CIIR) and high styrene rubber (KER) proved to be substitutes for phenolic resins, which were used to obtain adhesive compositions with good properties. Despite the existing opinion on the same polarity of the components of the adhesive composition, guaranteeing the most favorable properties, it was shown that compositions with different polarity have all the parameters of quality adhesives. Components with different polarity also show the effect of mutual reinforcement, which determines the alignment, orientation ability of macromolecular chains and occurrence of cohesion and adhesion interactions. The observed textures obtained after mechanical impact proved this claim. Adhesives with more developed textures have better adhesive properties. The selected research methods successfully predict the properties of the components and facilitate their selection and amount.

A Comparison of Methods for Investigating the Quantitative Relationships Between Empoasca onukii Matsuda (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and its Natural Enemies

To systematically study the quantitative relationship between natural enemies and pests, this paper used grey relational analysis method, angular cosine coefficient method, fuzzy similarity priority ratio method and correlation coefficient method to analyze the closeness of the quantitative relationship between natural enemies and Empoasca onukii Matsuda in “Anjibaicha”, “Huangshandayezhong” and “Longjing 43” tea plantations. The conclusions obtained by the grey relational analysis method were used as a criterion to compare the sum of the rankings of the top three natural enemies, Plexippus paykulli, Tetragnatha squamata and Ebrechtella tricuspidata, thus comparing and discussing the similarities and differences between the conclusions obtained by the four research methods. The angular cosine coefficient method and grey relational analysis method yielded no major differences in conclusions, followed by the correlation coefficient method, with the fuzzy similarity priority ratio method yielding more varied results. According to the ranking analysis of the close relationship between the number of E. onukii and its natural enemies, Tetragnatha squamata, Hylyphantes graminicola and Ebrechtella tricuspidata are the first three natural enemies closely related to the number of E. onukii. This paper is an attempt to compare the consistency of research results of various research methods, which provides a reference for selecting research methods in analyzing the quantitative relationship between natural enemies and pests.

The SWOT-TOWS analysis as a tool for quality management for an enterprise with PKD 85.59b – extracurricular forms of education

Purpose: The aim of the article is to present the practical application of the SWOT-TOWS analysis in assessing the prospects of starting a business in the field of extracurricular forms of education. Design/methodology/approach: The research includes the identification of factors of the internal and external environment for a company operating on the market for a year in the field of extracurricular forms of education in accordance with the classification of the selected research method and based on observation, calculation of standard and additional links and, based on the resulting strategy, making decisions on quality management. Findings: The analysis of the links between the factors of the internal and external environment indicated that in the case of an enterprise in the education industry, a competitive strategy should be adopted in terms of quality management, which means currently favorable external conditions for this type of activity, the use of which will enable the reduction of weaknesses. The focus should be on a high level of quality at the core of the service - in the learning process. Research limitations/implications: The presented research results may be the basis for further research in the field of quality management in enterprises from the analyzed sector. Practical implications: The presented analysis can be successfully used by entrepreneurs conducting a similar type of business activity and by people analyzing the education market both in terms of business and science. Originality/value: Simultaneous use of the SWOT-TOWS analysis with other analytical tools may allow for effective market analysis by economists and may facilitate quality management for business practitioners. Keywords: market analysis, SWOT-TOWS analysis, quality management. Category of the paper: research paper, case study.

Contract оf Custody оf Virtual Assets (Cryprto Custody) According to the Legislation of Ukraine

The work examines the issues of legal regulation of the virtual asset storage contract in Ukraine, taking into account the provisions of the recently adopted Law of Ukraine "On Virtual Assets". The relevance of this topic is due to the rapid spread in the fields of economy, science, art, etc. of relations with virtual assets and the lack of their proper and sufficient legal regulation. The purpose of the work is to solve the problems related to finding out the ability of a virtual asset to be the subject of a custody agreement, determining its value characteristics that determine the need to ensure its safety, and conducting proper qualification of "custody" contracts that are used in relations with virtual assets. With the help of selected research methods (dialectical, comparative legal, formal legal, method of analysis and synthesis), the main features of an object new for private law were determined, which determine its value for turnover and the specificity of use, which is reflected in the possibility of application to it certain contractual structures, in particular, a storage agreement. On the basis of the analysis of the practice of using this contract and the study of the legal nature of the specified relationships, a conclusion was made about the doctrinal impossibility of applying the construction of the custody contract to the latter. At the same time, the need to protect and protect the rights of the owner of a virtual asset from illegal encroachments by third parties is an urgent problem, which is due to the popularity of virtual assets and their inflated cost. Taking into account the peculiarities of various types of virtual assets, it is possible to assert different volumes and content of the category of safekeeping as part of the subject of the storage contract. Therefore, there is a need for the correct qualification of those contractual structures that are currently used as contracts for the storage of virtual assets. And the need to define such a contract that would ensure the safety of the virtual asset/virtual asset key, taking into account the characteristics of the latter. It is emphasized the need to research and rethink the paradigm of applying the custody agreement only to material objects of civil legal relations.

Post-Covid Perspectives for the Automotive Industry, Opportunities, and Threats

Abstract The subject of the study is to verify the impact of the SARS-COV2 virus pandemic on the functioning of the automotive industry in the context of the global economy. The conducted research is important due to the enormous change in the functioning of the automotive industry due to the covid pandemic as well as megatrends affecting the industry. The paper aims to verify the determinants influencing the functioning of the automotive industry. The conclusions resulting from the study will be used to better understand the current situation and to prepare the market’s strategy for the coming years. The selected research method includes literature and industry research and the Exact Systems company case study. The case study relates to a survey of car and car parts manufacturers in 12 European countries. The author’s contribution is an indication of many factors influencing the potential future of the automotive industry available in the literature. Then the author compares these data with the expectations and predictions of the car manufacturers’ market participants to draw consistent conclusions.