Seismoacoustic Profiling Research Articles

Gas Occurrences within the Southeastern Shelf of Crimea according to Continuous Seismoacoustic Profiling Data

Gas Occurrences within the Southeastern Shelf of Crimea according to Continuous Seismoacoustic Profiling Data

The geological structure of the Gakkel Ridge: in the light of new geological and geophysical data

In 2011‒2020 the significant amount of seismic lines was carried out in the Eurasian Basin of the Arctic Ocean, which made it possible to study the structure of the junction zones of the Gakkel Ridge with the Nansen and Amundsen basins on a number of profiles. During 2019‒2020 15 sections of the Gakkel Ridge and its rift valley were studied using a sub-bottom profiler and seismo-acoustic profiling. New data on the relief of the basement, as well as the use of databases of bathymetry, gravity and magnetic anomalies updated at VNIIOkeangeologia, made it possible to calculate the magnetization of the rocks of the Gakkel Ridge along a number of profiles crossing the ridge, and to perform the model calculations of the Earth’s crust structure using a complex of geological and geophysical data in the area of the southeastern termination of the ridge. The Gakkel Ridge is a structure, the isolation of which refers to the time interval of Early Oligocene (34 Ma)–Early Miocene (23 Ma), in the process of radical restructuring of the spreading kinematics in the already existing ocean basins in the regions of the North Atlantic and the Arctic. The values of the calculated magnetization of the magnetic layer of the Earth’s crust show that this layer is partly composed of oceanic basalts, but mainly of deep-originated rocks, gabbro and peridotites, brought to the surface during detachment accompanying spreading. The Laptev Sea continuation of the rift valley of the Gakkel Ridge, to the south of the caldera, passes above many kilometers of sediments, at the base of which sedimentary rocks of Cretaceous and Late Jurassic age occur.

Current-controlled sedimentation in a megatransform system: a case study of the Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone

The Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone (CGFZ) is the main transform system in the North Atlantic Ocean. It serves as a primary deep-water gateway for the Iceland-Scotland Overflow Water (ISOW) current. Using high-resolution seismo-acoustic profiling, three types of contourite drift were identified in the valleys of the inactive fractures and active transform of the CGFZ: (1) channel-related drifts, (2) confined drift, and (3) plastered drift. The ISOW current is the main agent controlling drift formation in the northern valley and eastern part of the southern valley, while the Denmark Strait Overflow Water or Low Deep Water is suggested for the western part of the southern valley. Examination of two sediment cores shows that the contourite drifts at least at their upper parts consist of alternated muddy and silty contourites and pelagic/hemipelagic sediments. The contourite deposition corresponds to the present interglacial interval. During glacial interval (MIS 3-2) and the last glacial/interglacial transition, pelagic/hemipelagic sedimentation prevailed corresponding with high IRD input. The position of the highly productive Subarctic Front over the study area induced the formation of diatom ooze beds at the beginning of MIS 1 and high-carbonate pelagites during some intervals of MIS 3.

Regulatory provisions for determining parameters of nonlinear mechanical behavior in hardening soil models

Presently, nonlinear mechanical soil models are widely used in the geotechnical practice. They are implemented in geotechnical finite-element software PLAXIS, MIDAS GTS NX, Z-Soil, Optum, etc. Notwithstanding the fact that International regulatory documents mainly recommend nonlinear models for calculating foundations, they do not specify methods for defining their parameters because nonlinear models are actually commercial products of various software manufactures and cannot be normalized in any country. For this very reason, specialists of Gersevanov Research Institute of Bases and Underground Structures (department of JSC "Research center of Construction") developed Standard of Organization STO 36554501-067-2021. The Standard is based on the world experience in assessing nonlinear model parameters defined with using advanced laboratory equipment. The article describes the most significant provisions of this Standard. Thus, depending on the problem to be solved, four groups of models are introduced: I - a model includes volumetric isotropic hardening (Soft Soil); II - a model includes volumetric isotropic hardening and rheological properties of the soil (Soft Soil Creep); III - a model includes double isotropic hardening (Hardening Soil) and IV - a model includes double isotropic hardening and stiffness at small strain (Hardening soil with small strain). Requirements to the necessary and sufficient types and scope of tests, which define model parameters, are reported. Taking into account that only laboratory tests define model parameters, Standard provides requirements for specimens' quality evaluation performed basing on measurements of the volumetric strain under effective natural stress. Specimens of poor and very poor quality cannot be considered. It is shown that power-law coefficient m , which indicates the relationship between soil stiffness and stress-strain-state in the models of III and IV groups can be received from triaxial compression and oedometer tests and shall be prescribed depending on prevailing deformation (shear or compression). Stiffness parameters at small strains can be defined wit in-situ tests (seismoacoustic profiling) or with laboratory tests (resonant column test, seismoacoustic profiling of specimens in triaxial cell equipped with bender element and strain gauges on the local base). The developed Standard specifies requirements for laboratory definition of stiffness at small strains.

FORMATION OF THE LARGEST LAKES IN THE NORTH-EASTERN EUROPE AT THE EASTERN PERIPHERY OF THE BALTIC CRYSTALLINE SHIELD<a href="#FN1"><sup>1</sup></a>

Since 2014, the joint research team from the Institute of Earth Sciences, Northern Water Problems Institute KRC RAS, the Science Park of Moscow State University, as well as FSBI “VNIIOkeangeologia”, and Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia has begun a study of Quaternary deposits of Onega and Ladoga Lakes, the largest Russian lakes located on the eastern periphery of the Baltic crystalline shield. Using large volume of data collected in previous studies, and new data obtained by multichannel seismoacoustic profiling and heavy gravity corers, as well as new methods for core analysis the main attention was paid to the geological development of these lakes in the Late Pleistocene-Holocene. The study of the lake Quaternary deposits makes it possible to accurately understand the dynamics of the Scandinavian Ice Shield retreat from the North-Western territory of the Russian Federation. At the same time, the major influence of the glaciers on the lakes formation during its degradation makes it possible to draw regional paleogeographic correlations, starting from the Baltic and ending with the White Sea. The history of the lake basins formation is also of considerable interest, given that there are practically no Phanerozoic deposits. The geological section of the lakes is represented by both Archean-Proterozoic and Quaternary formations.The article discusses the analysis of new data obtained using multichannel seismoacoustic profiling and long sediment cores (Lake Onega), results of mathematical modeling of cycles of lake basins development (glacial, glacial-lake, lacustrine), and their correlation with the paleogeographic development of the White Sea.

FIRST RESULTS OF STRATIGRAPHIC DRILLING IN THE EAST SIBERIAN SEA FOCUSED ON THE GEOLOGICAL STUDIES OF THE SUTURE ZONE OF THE CONTINENTAL SHELF’S MARGINAL STRUCTURES A ND DEEP-WATER AREAS OF THE ARCTIC OCEAN

At the initiative of the Federal Agency on Mineral Resources (Rosnedra), in August 2022, a shallow well was drilled in the East Siberian Sea for the first time with a purpose of geological studying the suture zone of deep waters of the Arctic Ocean and marginal structures of the continental shelf. The well was drilled by VSEGEI and Rosgeologia with the assistance of NK Rosneft and linked to the Rosneft’s long-term stratigraphic drilling program. Drilling was accompanied by continuous seismoacoustic profiling and well thermometry. The maximum well depth was 472 m from the bottom surface; in it, 147.5 m of core was taken to a depth of 268 m. Two sedimentary sequences were identified in the section: the lower Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous gently deformed sequence and the upper Neogene-Quaternary horizontally lying sequence. The sequences are separated by a thick unsampled interval with horizons of ascending thermal water. The Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous sequence occurs as a northwestern-dipping monocline, broken by faults and probably belongs to the complex filling the Zhokhov marginal trough of the Verkhoyansk -Chukotka orogen on the Eastern Arctic shelf.

Results of Seismostratigraphic Investigations of the Crimean Shelf by Continuous Seismoacoustic Profiling

Results of Seismostratigraphic Investigations of the Crimean Shelf by Continuous Seismoacoustic Profiling

FLUIDOGENIC LANDFORMS WITHIN THE PERMAFROST ZONE ON THE SHELF OF THE PECHORA AND KARA SEAS

The study is based on the results of multibeam echo-sounding and high-frequency seismic profiling during the 2018-2022 cruises of the R/V “Akademik Nikolai Strakhov” and “Akademik Boris Petrov”. Regular changes of morphometric parameters and the internal structure of pingo-like formations of the shelves of the Pechora and Kara seas were revealed. A morphometric analysis of pingo-like formations was carried out, which made it possible to draw conclusions about their relative age, as well as the role of near-bottom currents and slope processes in their modern dynamics. It was found that the density and morphological variety of pingo-like formations depend on the geological and tectonic features of the bottom area, the presence and nature of permafrost, the intensity of degassing, and the time of shelf flooding during the Holocene transgression. Pingo-like formations on the shelf, where the depth exceeds 70-80 m, emerged at the early stages of the Holocene transgression, and by now the permafrost there has largely thawed out. At the same time, pingo-like formations are still prominent in the relief and actively transformed by bottom currents, slope and, possibly, pseudovolcanic processes associated with ongoing degassing. Pingo-like formations are rare within shallow (up to 20-30 m) shelf areas close to the shore, and, apparently, continue their evolution at present. At the same time, the large thickness and continuity of permafrost prevent active fluid flow, acting as a seal. Pingo-like formations in the shallow-water zones are mainly cone-shaped mounds without intensive degassing. The density of pingo-like formations is maximum at the intermediate depths (from 20-30 to 70-80 m), in the presence of insular or discontinuous permafrost, under high fluid flow intensity within the fault zones and oil- and gas-bearing structures. Near-surface sediments in such areas are characterized by a combination of localized processes of heaving and active degassing. It predetermines a wide variety of the morphological types of pingo-like formations.Keywords: Arctic, bottom topography, degassing, pingo-like features, acoustic anomalies, multibeam echo sounding, seismoacoustic profiling

Late-Quaternary Evolution of the Semi-Confined Alluvial Megafan of Isonzo River (Northern Adriatic): Where the Fluvial System of the Southern Alps Meets the Karst

The evolution of alluvial megafans has mainly been investigated in unconfined settings; however, at the boundary of these large depositional systems, the development of fluvial channels can be affected by structural constraints with regional extent. Here we present the study of the eastern sector of the megafan of Isonzo River, in the Gulf of Trieste, where this system fed through the southern Alps is constrained by the Karst and Istria cliffs. Although this area is now submerged under the northern Adriatic Sea, stratigraphy from seismo-acoustic profiles, drill cores and multi-beam bathymetry allows us to reconstruct the paleochannel system of the Isonzo River in detail, which was likely active within the period of 21–17.5 ka cal BP, at the end of LGM. This was reconstructed for over 50 km and currently represents the longest abandoned fluvial channel in the Mediterranean seabed. The occurrence of the mountain fringe and competition with nearby alluvial systems forced the paleochannel to follow the present coastline and conditioned the slope of its thalweg to decrease almost to null, resulting the transformation from the megafan to the undifferentiated alluvial plain.

A Complex of Marine Geophysical Methods for Studying Gas Emission Process on the Arctic Shelf.

The Russian sector of the arctic shelf is the longest in the world. Quite a lot of places of massive discharge of bubble methane from the seabed into the water column and further into the atmosphere were found there. This natural phenomenon requires an extensive complex of geological, biological, geophysical, and chemical studies. This article is devoted to aspects of the use of a complex of marine geophysical equipment applied in the Russian sector of the arctic shelf for the detection and study of areas of the water and sedimentary strata with increased saturation with natural gases, as well as a description of some of the results obtained. This complex contains a single-beam scientific high-frequency echo sounder and multibeam system, a sub-bottom profiler, ocean-bottom seismographs, and equipment for continuous seismoacoustic profiling and electrical exploration. The experience of using the above equipment and the examples of the results obtained in the Laptev Sea have shown that these marine geophysical methods are effective and of particular importance for solving most problems related to the detection, mapping, quantification, and monitoring of underwater gas release from the bottom sediments of the shelf zone of the arctic seas, as well as the study of upper and deeper geological roots of gas emission and their relationship with tectonic processes. Geophysical surveys have a significant performance advantage compared to any contact methods. The large-scale application of a wide range of marine geophysical methods is essential for a comprehensive study of the geohazards of vast shelf zones, which have significant potential for economic use.

Комплексные археологические и геофизические исследования в портовой части Херсонеса Таврического

The best results of researching archaeological sites in the coastal zone come from integrated interdisciplinary approach involving modern geophysical methods. The analysis of the archaeological material obtained during excavations of the “diamond-shaped tower” in the water area near the port quarters of Chersonese suggests that the structure was constructed in the ninth and tenth centuries AD. The results of research on this site show that from the ninth and tenth to the period from the late eleventh to the first half of the thirteenth centuries the sea level in Karantinnaia Bay rose by ca 1 meter. The data obtained by continuous seismoacoustic profiling were used to identify continuous changes of the coastline in result of transgression and accumulation of the bottom sediments in the section of the water area near the port district of Chersonese. The analysis of the built-up seismogeological sections and isobath map enabled the research group to identify 3 terraces and associated morphological elements indicating the location of ancient coastlines in different historical periods. A spatial relationship has been established between the archaeological objects found at the sea bottom and the position of the underwater terraces. A reconstruction of the ninth- and tenth-century coastline has been suggested according to the archaeological data. The location of the “diamond-shaped tower” and the construction remains discovered in 2019 on the same terrace suggests that the structures existed approximately at the same time. Electrical prospecting research using bottom electrotomography explored the sediment structure of marine terraces to a depth of 10 m. The research results have determined bottom anomalies corresponding to various stages of development of the coast of Karantinnaia Bay. An extended linear anomaly, located 40–50 m from the modern coast and hidden by a layer of bottom soil up to 3 m thick, most likely corresponds to the early period of the ancient city. The sea in this area is ca 2–3 m deep.

О золотоносности мелководной зоны шельфа Юго-Западной Камчатки

The materials, obtained from previous (1972-2019) studies of over 300 km of the coastal land strip in Southwestern Kamchatka and the adjoining underwater slope of the Sea of Okhotsk (in the interfluve of the Bolshaya and the Kikhchik rivers) were analyzed. Gold-rich zones (> 60 mg/m3) in the form of subparallel lenses, oriented along the sea shoreline, were identified between 6.3-30 m isobaths in the shallow marine shelf zone. The gold content of the submarine coastal slope correlated directly with the sediments of the upper coastal zone. Higher gold concentrations (up to hundreds of mg/m3) were detected in Holocene marine sediments of the shallow marine shelf in sampling intervals 0 to 2.0 m. They are mostly confined either to the upper, steepest part of the submarine slope or to the first or second terraced level. These are the areas of the most active impact, near the shorelines (modern and submerged), within which glacial and water-glacial formations are often exposed by erosion. Most of the gold concentrate halos related to ancient shorelines, the western boundary of which lies within 25-30 m isobaths, and to paleovalleys, identified by seismoacoustic profiling. In paleovalleys, flooded by the sea and buried under marine sediments, alluvial placers similar to Tikhangou in Primorsky Krai may be revealed. The most promising within the investigated territory was the area of underwater coastal slope within the Severnaya Mitoga - Utka - Khomutina interfluve, between 5.3-30 m isobaths, where concentrate halos with considerable gold concentrations from 60 to 500-1186 mg/m3 had been revealed.

ПОДВОДНЫЙ ВУЛКАН 8.10 (КУРИЛЬСКАЯ ОСТРОВНАЯ ДУГА)

The submarine volcano 8.10, part of the South Iturup group of underwater volcanoes of the Kuril island arc (KIA), was studied using a proven technology of quantitative interpretation of hydromagnetic survey materials in combination with echo sounding, continuous seismoacoustic profiling, and analysis of petromagnetic properties and chemical composition of dredged rocks. The technology makes it possible to interpret directly from the original data without resorting to the procedure of their preliminary restoration in the nodes of a regular network. As a result of the performed studies, it was established that dredged andesite-basalts and andesites are representatives of different lava flows that have a single magmatic source, but differing in the conditions and dynamics of crystallization. The main carrier of the natural residual magnetization of basaltic andesites is titanomagnetite with low Ti content, and that for andesites is magnetite. In the volcanic edifice, supply channels and peripheral magma chambers are distinguished. The submarine Volcano 8.10, as well as the other KIA volcanoes studied, formed during geomagnetic inversions. The presence of hydroacoustic anomalies at the top of the volcano indicates that the manifestations of underwater gas-hydrothermal activity in the southern part of the KIA are more significant than was thought until recently.

ЧЕТВЕРТИЧНЫЕ ОТЛОЖЕНИЯ И РЕЛЬЕФ ОНЕЖСКОГО ОЗЕРА

Many publications have been devoted to the geological and geomorphological study of both Lake Ladoga and Lake Onega – the largest lakes of Northwest Russia and Europe. The last comprehensive geological studies of Lake Onega were carried out by Polar Marine Geosurvey Expedition as part of a geological survey at a scale of 1: 500,000 [12] and by Finnish researchers [19] at the beginning of the 21st century. Subsequently, these data were included in the third-generation State Geological Map at a scale of 1:1 000 000 [13]. Study of the basin’s geological structure was resumed in 2016 by researchers from the Northern Water Problems Institute of the Karelian Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg State University, Lomonosov Moscow State University and Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, as well as representatives of other scientific organizations. The works included geological sampling, drilling from ice platform, seismoacoustic profiling and side-scan sonar. The aim of the works was to clarify data on the structural features of the Upper Pleistocene and Holocene deposits of Lake Onega and the genesis of the lake basin relief. Based on the data obtained in the course of field studies, a new distribution scheme of the Lake Onega Quaternary deposits was drawn up. Comparison of the scheme with the data on the bottom topography made it possible to characterize its genesis and draw up a geomorphological scheme. The data presented in this article can be used to update and supplement the State Geological Map of the Northwest Russia, as well as to solve other problems of Quaternary geology and paleogeography.

Палеоврезы и газовые зоны плиоцен-четвертичных отложений на площадке инженерно-геологических изысканий на шельфе острова Сахалин

The engineering and geophysical studies are carried out before installation of a drilling platform and construction of engineering structures in the water areas in order to identify and map geological hazards, including the anomalous gas zones, from which involuntary release of hydrocarbons is possible, when the drill string passes through in the upper part of the geological section. The paper presents the results of expeditionary studies carried out at the site of engineering and geological surveys using continuous seismoacoustic profiling. The site is in the Sea of Okhotsk at the northeastern shelf of Sakhalin Island and adjoins Nogliksky district of the Sakhalin Region. Two seismoacoustic complexes were identified according to the data of continuous seismoacoustic profiling in the section of the study area, which differ from each other in the nature of the wave pattern. Gas zones and paleo-incisions were found in the bottom part of the section. The identified geological hazards are mapped and must be taken into account during further drilling of wells and construction of engineering structures.

О ПАЛЕОРУСЛЕ РЕКИ АШАМБА В ГОЛУБОЙ БУХТЕ ПО ДАННЫМ ШИРОКОПОЛОСНОГО СЕЙСМОАКУСТИЧЕСКОГО ПРОФИЛИРОВАНИЯ

A paleochannel and paleotributary of the Ashamba River at the bottom of the Blue Bay in Black Sea near the city of Gelendzhik were discovered and studied using broadband seismoacoustic profiling. A basic description of the geomorphology of the Blue Bay bottom is presented. The technology for studying bottom paleostructures of the coastal sea zone by means of broadband seismoacoustic profiling with a different directional diagram and GPS navigation is presented. The composition and main characteristics of the equipment used are presented. The results of profiling and transverse profiles of the paleochannel and paleotributary of the Ashamba River are presented, as well as their geomorphological analysis. Gas flares accompanying the paleochannel of the Ashamba River were discovered. A detailed map of the river paleostructures of the Blue Bay bottom and the discovered gas flares has been compiled.

Paleogeography of the Atelian regression in the Caspian Sea (based on drilling data)

The Caspian Sea is the world's largest lake noted for a unique history of its evolution in the past. One of most important events in the Caspian history is the Atelian regression. The purpose of this work is to specify the extent, the time, and environments of the Atelian regression, as well as its correlation with events in the adjacent regions, on the basis of multidisciplinary studies of the Atelian deposits penetrated by engineering boreholes in the Northern Caspian. Processing of two-frequency seismoacoustic profiles permitted to stratify the sequence and to perform a spatial correlation between the determined boundaries of the sedimentary series. The laboratory studies included lithological and geotechnical analysis of the cores, floristic and faunal studies of the organic remains extracted from the cores, as well as analyses of pollen and spores, the isotope and radiocarbon (14C) analysis. In the seismic-acoustic profiles Atelian regression is represented by erosional landforms (incisions) under the reflecting horizon at the base of Khvalynian sediments. The regressive series is noted for inhomogeneous lithology. In depressions they are represented by interlayered clays and clay loams. The elevations between the depressions are composed of loamy sands in association with loams. Plant detritus occur as separate inclusions, or forms layered concentrations; there are also shells of freshwater and terrestrial mollusks. The paleontological material suggests aquatic or wetland environments with freshwater or freshened brackish-water shallow water bodies. The palynological materials provide evidence of diversified landscapes in the northern Caspian Lowland at the time of the Atelian regression – from forests dominated by conifers to periglacial forest-steppe and tundra-forest-steppe, mostly resulting from the climate fluctuations. The redeposited pollen is present in abundance, often well-preserved, indicative of highly active erosion at the time of regression. The Atelian regression maximum and the erosional processes on the northern Caspian Lowland correspond to the maximum cooling of the Kalinin (MIS 4) glacial time. The final stages of the regression fell on the initial phases of the MIS 3 interstadial. As follows from materials obtained by seismic-acoustic profiling and drilling, the Caspian level dropped to −100 m. We attribute the sea level lowering to the Caspian (Hyrcanian) water discharge through the Manych into the Pontian basin and to the specific glacial environment during the Valday (MIS 4) time. The Atelian regression maximum is correlatable with the maximum of the post-Karangatian regression of the Black Sea. It was at the same time that the lacustrine Burtass (Gudilo) series were deposited in the Manych depression. In the stratigraphic scheme of the Caspian Sea the Atelian regressive horizon (as a stratigraphic unit) is positioned between Hyrcanian and the base of Lower Khvalynian deposits. In the Northern Caspian the continental Atelian formation spans a greater chronological interval and should be considered as a suite (or formation) in the regional stratigraphic scheme. A comparison between the position of Atelian deposits in the Pleistocene sequence within the sea basin and on the dry land supports the assumption that the geological records exposed in the coastal zone are incomplete. Only a thorough analysis of the materials obtained from the offshore drilling and from the sequences studied in exposures on land can give a comprehensive picture of the history of regional environments and present them correctly in a stratigraphic scheme.

Contourites and Gravitites on the Rio Grande Rise, Southwest Atlantic Ocean (Seismoacoustic Data)

Morphology of the Rio Grande Rise and the acoustic structure of different types of deposits in its uppermost sedimentary cover were discussed based on high-resolution seismoacoustic profiling of cruises #32 (2010) and #52 (2016) of R/V Akademik Ioffe. Slopes of the Rio Grande Rise are composed mainly of landslide deposits and gravitites, but contourite sedimentation is possible on its southern slope. Contourite sedimentary waves and, probably, small drifts are identified in the Cruzeiro do Sul Trough at the top of the Rio Grande Rise. Mixed gravitite–contourite sedimentary systems seem to be located at the foot of northern and southern slopes. The downslope density flows and the Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) contourite current are responsible for the formation of these features.

Characteristics of features formed by gas hydrate and free gas in the continental slope and abyssal plain of the Middle Caspian Sea

Physicochemical conditions are proper to form gas hydrate and free gas in the Caspian Sea which are considered both for geohazard assessment and future possible source of energy. Gas migration, hydrate formation and decomposition cause different types of features to form in the seabed and sediments which can be affected by geological and physical conditions of sea. In this study, high-resolution marine seismoacoustic profiles were interpreted to investigate features formed by gas hydrate and free gas and assess their characteristics in the continental slope and abyssal plain of the middle Caspian Sea. A mud volcano, gas chimneys, pockmarks, gas pipes, sediment disturbances, a crater, a giant landslide and a big gentle diapir were investigated and reported in the present study. The geological and physical conditions including bathymetry, tectonic activity, sediments supply and water depth are different in the continental slope and abyssal plain, thereby the features of these two environments were compared to understand the effect of different conditions.

Geomorphology of Lake Ladoga basin

This work presents results of geomorphological analysis of the Ladoga lakes bottom, based on geophysical and bathymetrical data. The final approach of this investigation is geomorphological scheme with scale 1:1 000000. The digital elevation model of M.A. Naumenko with spatial distribution 0,5 X 0,5 was used as a bathymetrical base. Geophysical part of data are seismoacoustic profiles covering the whole basin with total length in 1304 km. They were received in expeditions of St. Petersburg University, Marine Research Center at Moscow State University and Northern Water Problems Institute KarRC RAS. Geomorphological analysis allows us to mark 6 genetic types. Two types was related to denudative types (denudative structural and erosive subaqual) and four to accumulative types (glacial, fluvioglacial, glacial lacustrine and lacustrine). Four main factors in to form of bottom structure Lake Ladoga during the Late Glacial-Holocene were identified. A neotectonical factor was mostly significant. In addition, there were exogenous factors to form sediment cover of the basin: glacial activity, glacial lacustrine accumulation of varved clays and modern processes of lacustrine accumulation and abrasion of older sediments.