Seismic Performance Of High-rise Buildings Research Articles

Research on seismic design methods for high-rise building structures

In recent years, with the increase of the number of high-rise buildings and the increase of the frequency of earthquakes, the requirement of seismic design of high-rise buildings is getting higher and higher. Therefore, this paper mainly studies the requirements of the existing seismic design code and the basis of designing the seismic performance of high-rise buildings. The results of this paper show that the performance-based seismic design method is the most popular and practical seismic design method at present. It also concluded that the seismic capacity of high-rise buildings can be improved by changing the calculation method of bearing capacity and adopting stable lightweight materials. In addition, this paper also introduces the new seismic methods such as preset yield mode, so as to improve the seismic ability of tall buildings as a whole. In the future, more new and innovative technologies will be applied to the seismic design of high-rise buildings to provide a stable and safe environment for peoples production and life.

Experimental and numerical study on a high-rise building with transfer slab

To evaluate the seismic performance of a high-rise building with transfer slab, a scaled model with a ratio of 1:15 is fabricated and shake table tests are conducted to investigate the seismic damage of the scaled model, in which the frequent, fortification, rare, and extremely rare multidimensional seismic excitations for different design targets are considered. The experimental results are analyzed and discussed to compare and validate the numerical results, including peak acceleration and inter-story displacement response. Through the discussion of experimental and numerical results, a qualitative evaluation was conducted for the seismic performance of high-rise buildings with transfer slabs. Results show that the numerical results agree well with the experimental responses, which reveal that the design performance goals under different seismic excitations can be achieved. Note that the shear-wall structure above the transfer slab undergoes elastic-plastic behavior before the frame structure below the transfer slab, ensuring the safety of the bottom frame structure. The seismic performance of the prototype building was qualitatively evaluated under rare and extremely rare earthquakes, which provide reliable basis for structural safety of the high-rise building with transfer slab. The achievements also contribute to the design of high-rise buildings with transfer slab and ensure the safety of occupants and minimize damage in the event of earthquakes.

Enhancing the seismic performance of high-rise buildings with lead rubber bearing isolators

Recent earthquakes have enforced the engineering community to design seismically more efficient buildings through the energy dissipation systems. For this purpose, this paper investigates the seismic behavior of a high-rise building with a series of base isolation systems. Firstly, a 20-storey steel frame is selected as a fixed-base building, and then equipped with lead rubber bearings (LRBs). In the modelling of LRB, isolation period is alternatively varied as 4, 4.5, and 5 sec to evaluate the effectiveness of the isolator characteristic on the seismic performance of the high-rise base-isolated buildings. The seismic responses of the fixed-base and base-isolated buildings evaluated through a series of time-history analyses are performed using natural ground motion records. The analysis results are compared using engineering demand parameters such as storey displacement, isolator displacement, relative displacement, roof drift, interstorey drift ratio, absolute acceleration, base shear, base moment, input energy, and hysteretic curve. It is revealed that adjusting the isolation period in the design of LRB improved the seismic performance of the base-isolated high-rise steel buildings.

Simplified Procedure for Rapidly Estimating Inelastic Responses of Numerous High-Rise Buildings with Reinforced Concrete Shear Walls

Nonlinear response history analysis (NLRHA) is considered the most accurate procedure for evaluating the seismic performance of high-rise buildings. However, it requires considerable expertise and analysis time, making it inappropriate for some applications involving numerous high-rise buildings (e.g., the seismic loss estimation of a city). To overcome this limitation, a simplified procedure developed based on the uncoupled modal response history analysis (UMRHA) and coupled shear-flexural cantilever beam model (CSFCBM) is proposed. The underlying assumption is that the UMRHA procedure can compute the nonlinear seismic responses mode by mode, where each vibration mode is assumed to behave as a single-degree-of-freedom system. The nonlinear seismic responses are approximately represented by the sum of the modal responses of a few vibration modes. However, UMRHA requires knowledge of the modal properties and modal hysteretic behaviors. Therefore, the CSFCBM was introduced here to estimate the required modal properties and modal hysteretic behaviors. The inelastic seismic demands of the building can be determined using the UMRHA procedure with the computed modal properties obtained by CSFCBM. The accuracy of this proposed procedure was verified considering four high-rise buildings of 19, 30, 34, and 45 stories with reinforced concrete shear walls. The inelastic demands computed by the NLRHA procedure were used as a benchmark and compared with those of the proposed procedure. The results indicate that the proposed procedure provides reasonably accurate demand estimations for all case study buildings. Additionally, the total calculation time for modeling one building, performing dynamic analysis on 24 cases of ground motions, and post-processing the results required by the proposed procedure was about 7 to 45 times lower than that of the NLRHA procedure. Therefore, it can be used for estimating the seismic damage and losses of many high-rise buildings in a city for a specific earthquake scenario or a quick assessment of various seismic design options of a high-rise building in the preliminary design phase.

Research on the Health Detection and Seismic Performance Evaluation of High-Rise Buildings

Research background: With the rapid development of civil engineering, the traditional low rise building model can no longer meet the needs of urbanization, and high-rise building structure has become the future development direction. In recent years, earthquake disasters occur frequently in China, which has caused huge losses to high-rise buildings. Therefore, we must strengthen the relevant research of high-rise building structures, which can make the high-rise building structural columns meet the requirements of safety performance. Therefore, the health detection and seismic performance evaluation of high-rise buildings will be of great significance. Research method: Through static elastic-plastic evaluation, we can calculate the dissipated strain energy of the structural column, which will further obtain the damage index of the structural column and obtain relevant data. Through this calculation method, we can complete the seismic performance evaluation of high-rise buildings, which is a calculation mode different from the traditional finite element software analysis. Through static elastic-plastic analysis, the seismic performance evaluation of high-rise buildings will have higher accuracy, which will build a damage index. Therefore, this paper uses a variety of research methods, mainly literature survey and empirical analysis. Through literature analysis, this paper can fully and correctly understand the methods of health detection and seismic performance evaluation of high-rise building structures at home and abroad, which will further clarify the current research level at home and abroad. Through empirical research, this paper analyzes specific examples, which can obtain more accurate results. Conclusion: In this paper, the seismic performance of high-rise buildings is comprehensively evaluated according to the damage index value of building structural columns. The simulation results show that more ideal seismic evaluation results can be obtained.

Analysis and optimization of seismic performance of high-rise residential building

In order to improve the seismic performance of high-rise buildings, a friction damper installation scheme was proposed in the paper. Through numerical simulation and experimental testing, the vibration reduction effect was compared and verified. Herringbone structure was applied to install friction damper in the bearing wall. Based on this vibration reduction scheme, the finite element model of high-rise building was established, and the influence of damper on the modal characteristics of building frame was analyzed. It can be known that the damper has little influence on the natural frequency, but has a great influence on the amplitude range of the excitation response. In the finite element model, two kinds of seismic waves were applied, the strength and dynamic response was simulated and calculated, and the maximum deformation and stress results were obtained. Compared with the initial model, it can be known that the more intense the vibration is, the more obvious the damping effect of the damper is. A seismic excitation simulation system based on acceleration sensor detection is designed and applied to the wall vibration test. The results show that the maximum vibration acceleration of the measured point is reduced by 26.3 % by the damper, and the stable seismic effect can still be maintained during the impact of extension. Compared with the traditional hardness and volume reinforcement scheme, the friction damper can reduce the production cost and improve the adaptability to seismic wave excitation, which provides an important basis for seismic research in other fields.

Behaviour of buckling-restrained steel plate shear wall with concrete-filled L-shaped built-up section tube composite frame

To improve the space utilisation rate and seismic performance of high-rise buildings, a new seismic structural system, this paper proposes a buckling-restrained steel plate shear wall (SPSW) with a concrete-filled L-shaped built-up section tube composite frame. In this composite shear wall system, the columns in the frame are composed of hot-rolled carbon steel H-section members and carbon steel square hollow section tubes, which are connected by steel plates and filled with concrete, and the SPSW is comprised of an embedded steel plate and several pairs of cold-formed steel hat-section buckling-restraining strips. To study the seismic performance of this new type of shear wall system, two specimens were prepared and tested under a horizontal cyclic load. The test results showed that the two specimens had a high bearing capacity, good ductility, and good energy dissipation capacity. This indicated that the new shear wall system was reliable and effective at resisting lateral forces. Finite element models were established and validated against experimental results. Based on the results of a parametric analysis, a value of 0.85 was proposed for coefficient η to modify the method based on the plate–frame interaction theory, which could be used to calculate the bearing capacity of the buckling-restrained SPSW with the concrete-filled L-shaped built-up section tube composite frame.

Probabilistic Seismic Assessment of RC Tall Regular Buildings Having Special Moment Frames Subjected to Long-period Earthquakes

Numerous tall buildings in the world are located in cities near active faults. Generally, past near-fault earthquakes had predominant period greater than 1 sec. so called as long-period earthquakes. In such earthquakes, tall building having great natural period seems to be more vulnerable. In this research, seismic performance of RC tall buildings having special moment frames subjected to long-period earthquakes are assessed via fragility curves. Subsequently, three models of 15, 25 and 35 story buildings are modelled in OpenSEES and IDA analysis is performed under long and short period earthquakes. Considering maximum nonlinear drifts as engineering demand parameter, seismic fragility curves at different performance levels are developed. By comparing the fragility curves and their median values, the effect of earthquake predominant period on the seismic performance of high-rise buildings are discussed. It is concluded that, the RC tall buildings, are more vulnerable in Long-period earthquakes compared with short period ones. At low damage levels such as slight and moderate, this difference seems to be small but for extensive and complete damage levels the considered models are much more fragile in long period records. So that the average values of seismic fragility for 35 story building model Subjected to short-period earthquakes at partial, medium, wide and complete damage levels are equal to the values of 0.084g, 0.16g, 0.44g and 0.95g, respectively. However, these values are equal to 0.032g, 0.065g, 0.175g and 0.39g, respectively, for earth motion with high period. As in complete damage level the seismic median fragility decreased 60 % for long- period earthquakes.

Tuned viscous mass damper (TVMD) coupled wall system for enhancing seismic performance of high-rise buildings

This paper proposes an innovative coupled wall system, named the tuned viscous mass damper (TVMD) coupled wall system, for use in high-rise buildings. This novel wall system is expected to control both the lateral inter-story drifts and the floor accelerations of high-rise buildings when subjected to strong ground motions, thus enhancing their seismic resilience. The TVMD consists of a component that provides stiffness connected in series with a ball screw device that can provide large inertial and damping forces, even when subjected to small deformations. In this system, TVMDs are arranged to connect adjacent wall piers in a zig-zag configuration. Such a strategic TVMD arrangement makes efficient use of the vertical relative displacements of the adjacent walls induced by their flexural deformation to generate the motions and forces of the TVMDs. Two methods are presented for the optimal design of this system, namely, a single-mode tuning method and a multi-mode tuning method. Dynamic response analysis is conducted on a representative 15-story TVMD coupled wall system. The results of the analysis indicate that the TVMDs designed by the single-mode tuning method not only suppress the dynamic responses of the tuning mode, but also provide additional damping for the lower-order modes of the primary structure. The multi-mode tuning method shows similar performance to the single-mode tuning method if the latter is used to tune the higher-order mode. Finally, real-time hybrid simulations were conducted to examine the seismic performance of the proposed system. The test results demonstrate the advantages of the TVMD coupled wall system and indicate that the detuning effect is slight for this system, even when subjected to strong ground motions.

Research on Structural Design of an Isolated High-Rise Building with Enlarged Base and Multiple Tower Layer in High-Intensity Area

In the high intensity areas, the application of interlayer spacing technology can achieve the unity of quality and seismic performance of high-rise buildings with enlarged base and multiple tower layers. Through the comparison and analysis of the structural schemes of an enlarged base multiple tower-layer high-rise building, the ultimate seismic isolation scheme was adopted, and its seismic response and seismic performance were analyzed and studied. The results show that the overall seismic isolation effect of the story isolation technique is good, which can greatly reduce the seismic response, and is an effective means to improve the seismic safety of the structure. Considering the structural characteristics of the project, the improvement of the economy and the quality of the building, the use of story isolation technique in the enlarged base multiple tower-layer structure in the high-intensity region is an optimal scheme. Finally, several key technical issues such as the combined seismic isolation scheme of the enlarged base story isolation technique and the additional bending moment of the isolator and the tensile device of the isolator were discussed, which can provide some references for similar engineering practices.

Seismic performance of high-rise buildings in selected regions in Saudi Arabia according to different seismic codes

The design code for each country is revised and updated based on an expected zone’s seismic intensities, geotechnical site classifications, structural systems, construction materials and methods of construction in order to provide more realistic considerations of seismic demand, seismic response, and seismic capacity. Based on the aforementioned provisions, structures designed according to different seismic codes may yield different performances for the same level of hazard. This study aims to investigate and compare the induced responses related to the earthquake-resistant design of reinforced concrete (RC) buildings according to the Saudi building code (SBC-301), American code (ASCE-7), uniform building code (UBC-97), and European code (EC-8). In order to account for the provision regarding the hazard specification and its effect on the induced seismic responses, four regions in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia with different seismic levels are selected. The code provisions related to the specification of site classification and its effect on the induced design base shear are investigated as well. Significant differences are observed in the induced responses with the variation in seismic design codes for the considered seismic hazards and site classifications.

Seismic behavior and strength capacity of steel coupling beam-to-SRC wall joints

A hybrid coupled wall system, where steel coupling beams couple steel reinforced concrete (SRC) walls in series, has been recognized as an alternative to reinforced concrete (RC) coupled wall systems for enhanced seismic performance of high-rise buildings. A key issue of this system is seismic design of steel coupling beam-to-SRC wall joints. This paper presents a series of full-scale tests to investigate the cyclic behavior and strength capacity of the steel coupling beam-to-SRC wall joints, where a steel beam was rigidly connected to an encased steel column in wall boundary using a fully welded connection detail. The steel beam-to-SRC wall joints failed in panel shear mode, characterized by yielding of the steel web panel and joint transverse reinforcement, and crisscrossed-diagonal cracking and crushing of joint panel concrete. A design model for calculating the nominal strength of the steel beam-to-SRC wall joint is presented. The accuracy of the design model was verified against the collected test data and additional finite element (FE) analysis. The experimental tests and FE analysis also identified that severe vertical cracks might develop along the inner side of wall boundary element, due to horizontally tensile forces induced by the steel beam flange. Increased amount of horizontally distributed rebar is recommended to be assigned in around the join region, in order to control such unwanted damage. In addition, the test results of one specimen demonstrated that properly designed beam-to-wall joint remained slightly damaged when the steel coupling beam fully developed its plastic rotation.

Seismic performance of high-rise buildings with energy-dissipation outriggers

To improve the seismic performance of high-rise building structures with outriggers, a new structure with energy-dissipation outriggers installed using buckling restrained braces (BRBs), which replace the ordinary diagonal bracing, is proposed in this study. To verify the seismic performance of the new structure, a case study was carried out. Two high-rise structures, one with conventional outriggers, the other with energy-dissipation outriggers, were designed. The numerical models for the two structures were established with the aid of a commercial software, Perform-3D. The responses of the two structures under frequent earthquakes, basic earthquakes, and rare earthquakes were analyzed and compared. The results show that compared to the ordinary structure, the seismic performance of the new structure is improved significantly. Under frequent earthquakes, both structures remain basically elastic, and the responses of the two structures are almost identical. Under basic earthquakes and rare earthquakes, the BRBs in the new structure yield initially and dissipate a large amount of the input energy to provide adequate protection to the main structural members. Furthermore, the influences of the strength and layout of BRBs on the seismic performance of the new structure were investigated, providing reference for engineering applications.

Seismic Performance of High Strength Reinforced Concrete Buildings Evaluated by Nonlinear Pushover and Dynamic Analyses

This paper investigates the combined effect of flexural and shear actions on the failure modes of the high strength reinforced concrete (HRC) members using the proposed algorithm for plastic hinge formation. The accuracy of the present procedure for the HRC columns was verified by comparing the results obtained with those of the cyclic loading tests performed in Japan. To evaluate the seismic performance of the HRC high-rise buildings, a seismic performance checklist for the HRC buildings was recommended. Based on the proposed algorithm for formation of plastic hinges, the seismic performance of HRC buildings based on the static pushover analysis is evaluated. From the results of the pushover analysis, a simplified lumped-mass stick model was developed, which is adopted to evaluate the seismic performance using the nonlinear time history analysis. For the purpose of illustration, the seismic performance of a high-rise building constructed with HRC was investigated by both the nonlinear pushover and nonlinear dynamic analyses using the proposed procedure and concepts. The results of this paper serve as a useful reference for the seismic design and evaluation of HRC high-rise structures.

THE SEISMIC PERFORMANCE OF THE FRAME-SHEAR WALL TALL BUILDING WITH AND WITHOUT VERTICAL SETBACK

Recently, High-rise buildings are developed very quickly to satisfy the production and peoples’ living needs and development. There are so many reasons for large number of developments of the high- rise building, commercialization, industrialization and urbanization. This quick development of the high-rise building necessitates study and analysis of the seismic performance of highrise buildings, especially when the high-rise building has irregularity in its horizontal plan or vertical section. In this present study, main focus to analyze the relative earthquake performance for the tower portion of a 34 storey Reinforced Concrete (RC) with 103.4m total height frame-shear wall buildings with and without setbacks subjected to an earthquake excitation scaled down to be of peak ground acceleration appropriate for China, and analyze the setback influence on this high-rise building to identify weakness positions in the high-rise building structure. The comprehensive use of SAP2000 software V16.1 for the elastic calculations aid to assess nonlinear time history analysis for their applicability to tower models (first model with setbacks, second model without setback) of height-rise frame-shear wall building under same conditions of the site category, earthquake acceleration type and standards in structural design. This study is carried out first to judge the shear for the tall building model 1 belongs to which type of the torsion, second to study how the vertical (elevation) setback impact in tall building resisting seismic activity.

SEISMIC Analysis of high-rise buildings with composite metal damper

This paper mainly studies on the mechanical characteristics and application effect of composite metal damper in the high-rise buildings via the numerical simulation analysis. The research adopts the elastic and elastic-plastic dynamic approach and the displacement time history response and damper energy dissipation capacity and so on of the high-rise building are compared and analyzed before and after installation. The analysis found that the energy dissipation characteristic of metallic dampers is good. High-rise building story drift significantly is reduced and the extent of damage of the walls and coupling beams is decreased, achieved a good energy dissipation effect. Composite metal damper can effectively and economically improve the seismic performance of high-rise buildings, meet the requirement of the 3-level design for seismic resistance. The result has certain reference significance for the application of metallic damper in the high-rise buildings.

A-53 地震等に配慮したステンレス配管の高耐久性の確保に関する研究 : (第1報)E-ディフェンスによる高層建物用配管の耐震性評価実験

A-53 地震等に配慮したステンレス配管の高耐久性の確保に関する研究 : (第1報)E-ディフェンスによる高層建物用配管の耐震性評価実験

A New Static Nonlinear Procedure for Assessment of Seismic Performance of High-Rise Buildings

A new static nonlinear pushover procedure is proposed for assessment of seismic capacity for high-rise buildings. Rather than simply combining the results carried out by modal inertia force distributions to estimate the total building capacity after pushover analysis, the present study develops in advance the most critical lateral load distribution which is developed via energy dissipation analysis based on least-energy principle. The advantage of the present method is that the effect of different earthquake input directions can be well considered, as well as that unstable solutions due to employing linear method to combine the nonlinear analysis results can be avoided. Thus, the performance of building can be evaluated more reasonably. By comparing with the results from nonlinear response history analysis using real earthquake tremor monitoring results, the validity of the present method is validated.

Semi-active model predictive control for 3rd generation benchmark problem using smart dampers

A semi-active strategy for model predictive control (MPC), in which magneto-rheological dampers are used as an actuator, is presented for use in reducing the nonlinear seismic response of high-rise buildings. A multi-step predictive model is developed to estimate the seismic performance of high-rise buildings, taking into account of the effects of nonlinearity, time-variability, model mismatching, and disturbances and uncertainty of controlled system parameters by the predicted error feedback in the multi-step predictive model. Based on the predictive model, a Kalman-Bucy observer suitable for semi-active strategy is proposed to estimate the state vector from the acceleration and semi-active control force feedback. The main advantage of the proposed strategy is its inherent stability, simplicity, on-line real-time operation, and the ability to handle nonlinearity, uncertainty, and time-variability properties of structures. Numerical simulation of the nonlinear seismic responses of a controlled 20-story benchmark building is carried out, and the simulation results are compared to those of other control systems. The results show that the developed semi-active strategy can efficiently reduce the nonlinear seismic response of high-rise buildings.