Raphanus Sativus Seeds Research Articles

Wound Restoration Efficacy of the Extracts of Lagenaria siceraria and Raphanus sativus.

The process of healing a wound is intricate and dynamic, including several phases, including hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Natural extracts have gained attention in the management of healed wounds because of their bioactive compounds. These extraction derivatives from honey, turmeric, etcetera possess various properties like inflammationreducing, antimicrobial and antioxidant potencies, which expedite the curing of wounds. The topical application of these natural remedies can enhance skin regeneration, reduce infection, and minimize scarring. Incorporating natural extracts into the treatment of wounds facilitates faster, safer alternatives to synthetic medications. This investigation reported the comparative ability of the extracts of Lagenaria siceraria leaves and Raphanus sativus seeds in the restoration of wounds.

STUDY OF THE ABILITY OF RHIZOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS TO PRODUCE IAA AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON PLANT GROWTH

A primary screening was conducted to assess the ability of rhizosphere microorganisms from cultivated and wild plants of arid ecosystems in the Astrakhan region to produce indoleacetic acid (IAA) and exhibit phytotoxic properties. The amount of synthesised IAA was determined using a photometric method, and the phytotoxicity of microbial culture liquid was evaluated on seeds of red round radish Raphanus sativus L. convar. radicula. It was found that all isolates had the ability for tryptophan-induced IAA synthesis. Out of the 50 examined isolates, 19 synthesised IAA at levels comparable to industrial producers 80 µg/ml and higher. The evaluation of the influence of microbial culture liquid on the growth and development of radish seeds revealed complete inhibition of the root system and seedling effect for all isolates. Among the examined isolates, 16 completely suppressed the growth of test plant seeds. Seed germination using the suspension of other isolates ranged from 7.1% to 63.3%. The experiment established that phytotoxic effects also increased with an increase in the amount of IAA synthesised by isolates. The influence of exogenous auxin on plant development can have positive and negative effects. The optimal concentration range of IAA for a specific plant can be extremely narrow, and any deviation from this concentration can lead to inhibitory effects. Therefore, further research is needed to explore the biotechnological potential of isolated strains with increased IAA production as industrial producers of this substance or as the basis for a biological preparation for plant growth stimulation.

Оценка биологической активности экстрактов из листьев Acer negundo и Robinia pseudoacacia на проростках тест-культур

Ash-leaved maple and black locust belong to the most actively spreading woody invasive species in flora of Belarus. In process of control of these plants by mechanical destruction, a potential use of their phytomass as mulch in gardening is considered. For such usage, the negative allelopathic effect of the phytomass on other plants should be assessed. In the paper the effects of the complex of unidentified biologically active substances from Acer negundo and Robinia pseudoacacia are studied. This is achieved by a method of biotesting: seeds of Lepidium sativum, Raphanus sativus, and Daucus carota were incubated in vitro with water extracts from green leaves of Acer negundo and Robinia pseudoacacia, grounded into powder before extraction. The percent of germinated seeds, length of main root, and length of hypocotylus were recorded. The experimental concentrations of phytomass for extracts were 5, 10, 50, and 100 g/l; distilled water was in control. Two variants of phytomass were tested: green leaves, dried on sun, and green leaves, exposed to rain, but dried on sun before such exposing. The results show that A. negundo has higher allelopathic (phytotoxic) activity, than R. pseudoacacia. In particular, extract from maple (100 g/l) completely suppressed seed germination of all three test plants, whereas extract from black locust (100 g/l) had statistically neutral effect (slightly decreased the percent of germinated seeds) on radish and carrot. As a rule, the inhibitory effect on all three studied parameters of germlings become higher along with increase of extract concentration. Exceptions were the growth of main root in carrot, which was slightly stimulated by extracts from maple (10 g/l) and black locust (50 g/l). The leaf mass of both species after exposing to rain partly lost its inhibitory allelopathic activity. The phytomass of A. negundo after such exposition demonstrated 2.3 times less inhibition effect on growth of roots in watercress (extract 10 g/l). In some cases the phytomass, exposed to rain, had stimulating action on germlings: extract from maple (5 g/l) increased the percentage of germinated seeds in carrot on 25 %; extract from black locust (5 g/l) provoked 1.9 times elongation of root in carrot in comparison with control; extracts from black locust (5-50 g/l) stimulated 1.3-1.4 times elongation of hypocotylus in watercress. Test plants showed different sensitivity to the same extracts. In particular, black locust extract (100 g/l) decreased the number of germinated seeds for watercress to 3.8 %, but only to 89.3 % for carrot. Black locust extract (leaves, exposed to rain, 100 g/l) decreased the average root length in watercress in 4.5 times, but in radish - in 1.5 times.

Immunostimulant effect of Brassica rapa and Raphanus sativus seeds on thymic cells and their cytotoxicity

Immunomodulators from natural products are widely used for the treatment of infectious diseases, allergies, and cancer in traditional Moroccan medicine. The purpose of this study was the study of two plant seeds of Brassica rapa (Turnip) and Raphanus sativus (Radish) used by Moroccans in traditional medicine to enhance immunity. We have prepared three different extracts from seeds using ethanol, Ethyl Acetate, or water. Immunomodulatory effects of these two plant seeds were tested on rabbit immunity cell proliferation (splenocytes, thymocytes, and macrophages) and their functions (IgG production, cytotoxicity, and phagocytosis). The results obtained indicated that only aqueous extract of B. rapa seeds revealed an immunostimulant effect on both splenocyte and thymocyte proliferation with an increase in cytotoxicity of thymocytes (MLR assay). With R. sativus seeds, we observed an important stimulation of thymocyte proliferation and their cytotoxicity under aqueous extract without effect on splenocyte or macrophages. We concluded that aqueous extract of both seeds (B. rapa and R. sativus) possessed immunostimulant properties leading to stimulation of cellular immunity responsible for defense against viruses.

Biocontrol potential of Streptomyces sp. M4 and salvianolic acid B produced by it against Alternaria black leaf spot

The proposed study was designed to evaluate the biocontrol potential of Streptomyces sp. M4 and its bioactive metabolites (culture cells/cell free culture supernatant/EtOAc extract/salvianolic acid B) against Alternaria black leaf spot disease. The antifungal metabolite salvianolic acid B attacked A. brassicicola caused fungal abnormalities viz. loss of pigmentation, lysed spores, distorted hyphae and leakage of cellular contents were observed under bright field and scanning electron microscope. The bioactive metabolites in the culture supernatant were found to be thermostable (up to 70 °C), photostable and also stable under acidic and basic conditions. In in vitro experiment, treatment of fungal infected seeds with M4 antagonists (20% of culture supernatant/cells/EtOAc extract/salvianolic acid B) resulted in 82–96% seed germination, 60.71–86.20% healthy seedlings and 1470–2067 seedling vigour as compared to pathogen infected seeds. In vivo pot experiment, in which fungal spores (A. brassicicola) infected Raphanus sativus seeds were treated with Streptomyces sp. M4 culture cells/culture supernatant/EtOAc extract/salvianolic acid B (100 μg/ml), showed increase in various agronomic traits and decrease in disease incidence rate (4–16%) as compared to pathogen treated seeds. In vitro and in vivo studies unveiled that the Streptomyces sp. M4 and its bioactive metabolites could be used as potent biocontrol agents against A. brassicicola infected plants and therefore, to increase the resistance power of plants against pathogens.

Phytochemical investigation on Raphanus sativus L

The present work was undertaken to investigate chemical constituents and chemotaxonomic significance from the seeds of Raphanus sativus L. As a result, sixteen compounds including sinapoyl derivatives (1–7) and indoles (8–16) were yielded, and their chemical structures were elucidated by 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopic methods, along with the comparison with relevant literature data. Of note, ethyl 2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-1H-indole-3-acetate (compound 11) was a new natural product. Three compounds (12, 13, and 16) were first isolated from the genus Raphanus; while five compounds (5, 9, 10, 14, and 15) were first reported from the family Brassicaceae. In addition, the chemotaxonomic significance of isolated compounds was also discussed.

Indole Compounds from Raphanus sativus Seeds

Indole Compounds from Raphanus sativus Seeds

Three semi-selective media for Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola and P. cannabina pv. alisalensis.

Three semi-selective media, DTarTA, SPbc, and SPamt, were developed and tested to isolate Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola (Psm) and P. cannabina pv. alisalensis (Pca) from Raphanus sativus seeds. DTarTA contained D-tartaric acid as a carbon source and potassium tellurite, ampicillin sodium, and methyl violet as antibiotics. DTarTA suppressed growth in 19 of the 24 pathovars from the P. syringae complex, whereas Psm and Pca grew and formed gray to black colonies. SPamt contained sucrose and peptone as nutrient sources and was supplemented with bromothymol blue and the same antibiotics present in DTarTA and Psm and Pca formed yellowish to dark brown colonies on the SPamt medium. SPbc contained sucrose and peptone and was supplemented with cephalexin and boric acid as antibiotics and Psm and Pca formed semi-translucent to white colonies on the SPbc medium. SPamt and SPbc suppressed the growth of several plant-associated bacteria (except the P. syringae complex). The growth of saprophytic bacteria in seeds on the different media was compared with that on King's B medium, using five types of commercially available Raphanus sativus seeds. The suppression rate of DTarTA was 85-99% and was lower for seeds with more saprophytic bacteria. The suppression rates of SPamt and SPbc were 90-99%. In detection tests using 10,000 seed samples mixed with Pca or Psm-contaminated seeds, it was possible to selectively isolate Psm and Pca using SPamt and SPbc, even when the colony numbers of the target bacterium constituted less than 10% of the total colonies. KEY POINTS: • Bacterial leaf spot and blight pathogens were selectively isolated from seeds. • DTarTA medium distinguishes these pathogens from P. syringae complex pathovars. • SPamp and SPbc media have different selectivity for plant-associated bacteria.

Optimization of reactive black 5 decolorization by the newly isolated Saccharomyces cerevisiae X19G2 using response-surface methodology.

In the current investigation, the capacity of different yeast strains to decolorize reactive black 5 (RB-5) was assessed. A comparative study between the different strains demonstrated that Saccharomyces cerevisiae X19G2 exhibited the highest decolorization rate (69.20 ± 1.16%) after 48h of incubation. This strain was selected to optimize the medium components' concentrations for maximum RB-5 decolorization. Response-surface methodology (RSM) was tested for the most significant parameters (glucose, yeast extract and RB-5 dye concentrations) that were previously determined by Plackett-Burman design. A dye decolorization rate of 99.59 ± 0.24% was achieved within 48h using a maximum RB-5 concentration (0.15g/L) with glucose and yeast extract concentrations equalling to 10.5g/L and 1g/L, respectively. Experimental data results proved to fit well with the pseudo-second order kinetics model.The phytotoxicity assessment was carried out using Raphanus sativus seeds to determine the toxicity of RB-5 before and after treatment by S. cerevisiae. Results suggested that germination rate and the length of seeds radical irrigated with 0.15g/L of RB-5 decreased by 30 and 53%, compared to those irrigated with treated solution. Therefore, metabolites derived from decolorization of RB-5 by S. cerevisiae X19G2 were significantly less toxic than the original dye.

Raphanus sativus Seeds Oil Arrested in vivo Inflammation and Angiogenesis through Down-regulation of TNF-α.

Raphanus sativus is traditionally used as an anti-inflammatory agent. The current study was designed to explore the in vivo anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic properties of Raphanus sativus seeds oil. Cold press method was used for the extraction of oil (RsSO) and was characterised by using GC-MS techniques. Three in vitro antioxidant assays (DPPH, ABTS and FRAP) were performed to explore the antioxidant potential of RsSO. Disc diffusion methods were used to study in vitro antimicrobial properties. In vivo anti-inflammatory properties were studied in both acute and chronic inflammation models. In vivo chicken chorioallantoic membrane assay was performed to study antiangiogenic effects. Molecular mechanisms were identified using TNF-α ELISA kit and docking tools. GC-MS analysis of RsSO revealed the presence of hexadecanoic and octadecanoic acid. Findings of DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP models indicated relatively moderate radical scavenging properties of RsSO. Oil showed antimicrobial activity against a variety of bacterial and fungal strains tested. Data of inflammation models showed significant (p < 0.05) anti-inflammatory effects of RsSO in both acute and chronic models. 500 mg/kg RsSO halted inflammation development significantly better (p < 0.05) as compared with lower doses. Histopathological evaluations of paws showed minimal infiltration of inflammatory cells in RsSO-treated animals. Findings of TNF-α ELSIA and docking studies showed that RsSO has the potential to down-regulate the expression of TNF-α, iNOS, ROS, and NF-κB respectively. Moreover, RsSO showed in vivo antiangiogenic effects. Data of the current study highlight that Raphanus sativus seeds oil has anti-inflammatory, and antiangiogenic properties and can be used as an adjunct to standard NSAIDs therapy which may reduce the dose and related side effects.

Biospeckle Optical Coherence Tomography (bOCT) in the Speedy Assessment of the Responses of the Seeds of Raphanus sativus L. (Kaiware Daikon) to Acid Mine Drainage (AMD)

The extraction of mineral resources from mines plays a vital role in global socio-economic development. However, acid mine drainage (AMD) has been one of the major pollutants, and a vast area of the agricultural fields has been polluted. Therefore, techniques for monitoring the response of plants to AMD that arise during mineral extraction are necessary. In addition, such a technique becomes especially valuable to understand how the plants could play a role in the phytoremediation of AMD. We propose the use of biospeckle Optical Coherence Tomography (bOCT) to investigate the response of Kaiware daikon seeds under the exposure to simulated AMD at two different concentrations of 40 mL/L and 80 mL/L. OCT images of the Kaiware daikon seed were obtained at a speed of 10 frames per second (1 frame: 512 × 2048 pixels) for a few tens of seconds. For each pixel of the OCT structural images, the contrast across the temporal axis was calculated to give biospeckle contrast OCT images (bOCT images). It was found that bOCT images clearly distinguished the changes due to 40 mL/L and 80 mL/L of AMD treatments from the control within a short time of around an hour, compared to the conventional OCT images that failed to show any changes. This variation was found to be statistically significant and could reflect the internal activity of the seeds. The proposed bOCT method could be a rapid, non-invasive technique for screening suitable plants in AMD phytoremediation applications.

Allelopathic activity of Acer negundo L. leaf litter as a vector of invasion species into plant communities

The article shows the results of the influence of different concentrations of allelochemicals of Acer negundo L. leaf litter, germination energy, absolute germination of seeds and plant growth. The seeds of Raphanus sativus L. and Avena sativa L. were used as model objects. Active substances contained in leaf litter A. negundo, have a selective inhibitory effect on the germination of seeds and the growth of seedlings of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants. The allelopathic effect of the fall is not a limiting factor for the germination of seeds of herbaceous plants of the above-ground cover of the studied plantation.

Effect of Pretreatment on Nutrient Leaching and Phytotoxicity of Biosolids from Anaerobic Digestion in Silty Loam Soil

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pretreatment on the phytotoxicity and leaching of nitrogen and phosphorus in biosolids from anaerobic digestion in silty loam soil. Soil columns filled with silty loam soil and biosolids (BS) stabilized by conventional (CAD) and advanced (AAD) anaerobic digestion were installed. AAD consisted of the application of sequential pretreatments: ultrasound followed by a low thermal process. The BS loads were equivalent to 30 ton/ha (CAD30 and AAD30) and 90 ton/ha (CAD90 and AAD90), and the soil columns were watered with 29 mL/day of distilled water. Phytotoxicity was evaluated by germination and root growth inhibition and by the germination index (GI) of Triticum aestivum, Lactuca sativa, and Raphanus sativus seeds. Nitrogen leaching varied from 0 to 9 mg/week, while phosphate leaching did not exceed 0.01 mg/week. The nutrient leaching rate depended on the BS application rate and not on the use of pretreatment (p < 0.05). Regarding phytotoxicity, BS application presented a tendency to attenuate the inhibition caused by the silty loam soil, with GI values ranging from 31 to 50%, 62 to 63%, and 70 to 82% for L. sativa, R. sativus, and T. aestivum, respectively. Graphical abstract

USO DE UN INÓCULO ENDÓGENO PARA ACELERAR LA DEGRADACIÓN DE MATERIA ORGÁNICA EN UNA GRANJA PORCINA POR MEDIO DEL PROCESO DE COMPOSTAJE

In Mexico, pork farms generate organic residues which often are not appropriately treated before being discharged to waste waters or are treated by methods that directly or indirectly damage the environment. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a bacterial inoculum on the degradation of organic residues under composting conditions. Solid residues from the effluent sump in a pig farm were mixed with sawdust to form a degradation matrix, where pig carcasses were composted. This artificial ecosystem was used to promote the growth and eventual isolation of various microbial species, which were then used to produce a bacterial endogenous inoculum that was maintained in a minimum basal medium based on compost extract in a mineral solution. The inoculum was added to three 150-kg degradation matrices. Three reference matrices, prepared from pig carcasses as described above, were added with 0.1 % peptone solution only. After 98 days of composting, microbiological and bromatological analysis, as well as a bioassay, showed that the inoculum accelerated the decomposition of pig carcasses. Furthermore, the time required to decrease the pathogenic microbial load was reduced in inoculated matrices and the germination index of Raphanus sativus seeds improved, while nitrogen content increased continuously.

New Alkyl (E)-5-(Methylsulfinyl) Pent-4-Enoates from Raphanus sativus Seeds

Two new alkyl (E)-5-(methylsulfinyl) pent-4-enoates were isolated from the seeds of Raphanus sativus L., Brassicaceae. The compounds were identified as methyl-(E)-5-(methylsulfinyl) pent-4-enoate and ethyl-(E)-5-(methylsulfinyl) pent-4-enoate using 1D and 2D NMR and HR-EI-MS.

Chemical constituents from the seeds of Raphanus sativus L. and their chemotaxonomic significance

The phytochemical investigations on the seeds of Raphanus sativus L. led to the isolation and identification of 15 compounds, including eleven sinapoyl derivatives (1–11), two terpenes (12–13), and two phenolic acids (14–15). All chemical structures were elucidated via 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopic methods, and further supported by comparison with literature data. Compound 11 was isolated from the genus Raphanus for the first time. Notably, Compounds 7, 9, and 12–14 were reported in the Brassicaceae family for the first time. The chemotaxonomic significance of these compounds is discussed.

Implementación de la prueba de tetrazolio en las semillas de Raphanus sativus L

El Rábano (Raphanus sativus) es una especie de gran importancia por sus propiedades nutricionales, el alto porcentaje de aceite en sus semillas y la gran cantidad de metabolitos aprovechables. La producción de este cultivo se ve influenciada por factores como la utilización de semillas de alta o baja calidad. Es por esto que, en este estudio, se evaluó la aplicación del test de tetrazolio como método para determinar la viabilidad en semillas de Raphanus sativus. Inicialmente, se recolectaron semillas producidas en Villa del Rosario, Norte de Santander, Colombia, las cuales fueron expuestas a dos concentraciones (0,5 % y 1,0 %) y dos tiempos de exposición (24 y 48 horas). Posteriormente, fueron observadas en el estereoscopio para determinar el porcentaje de viabilidad, contabilizando las semillas que presentaron intensa coloración roja en su embrión; se obtuvieron un 99 % y 97 % de semillas viables con los tratamientos T2 (0,5 %, 24 h) y T4 (0,5 %, 48 h) respectivamente, no existiendo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre sí (p ≤ 0,05: Tukey HSD). En comparación con la prueba de germinación, en la que se obtuvo un promedio de 99 %, no presentaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas los tratamientos T2, T3 y T4. Se concluyó con esto que la prueba de viabilidad con tetrazolio es efectiva a concentraciones de 0,5 % y 1,0 %, durante tiempos de exposición de 24 y 48 horas.

Potential Use of Chemically Synthesized Iron-Pyrite Nanoparticles in Enhancing Plant Growth

Trouncing of seed dormancy and retarded plant growth is a major accomplishment in the sustainable production of agricultural crops. Generally, the activation of the Brassinosteroid (BR) pathway leads to an increase in the breaking of dormancy during seed development and germination. Pyrite in the water system contains trace amounts of ferrous, ferric, sulfate, and hydrogen peroxide ions, thereby forming an acidic milieu, which activates the Brassinosteroid (BR) pathway by the signaling action of hydrogen peroxide ions. Chemical synthesis of iron-pyrite nanoparticles, its characterization followed by testing of its efficacy in activation of BR pathway upon seed treatments, its validation through phytochemical analysis, and GC-MS studies are the main focus of this research work. The nanoparticle in the water system was also studied for its effect on Amylase activity in seed upon nanoparticle treatment. An increase in the amylase activity ultimately resulted in enhanced seed germination by breaking dormancy at a faster rate. The metabolic efficiency and possible toxicity of the plants generated from seed treated with nanoparticles were assessed through bio-chemical methods to corroborate the enhanced growth in plants and the harmlessness of the plants for consumption. The entire study was carried out with seeds of Raphanus sativus, as they have the ability to acclimatize in different agro-climatic conditions.

Isolation, characterization, and decolorization of Disperse Blue 60 by newly isolated bacterial strains from Kashan textile wastewater.

Wastewaters are a source of water pollution and the environment. Therefore, the decolorization ability of isolated strains from textile wastewater for Disperse Blue 60 dye was measured. After sampling from different parts of textile waste, four decolorizer strains were isolated. The effects of various factors were evaluated on decolorization. Decolorization ability of strains was measured after incubation up to 72hr, the range of pH 6-9, different dye concentrations from 50 to 400mg/L, and different carbon sources. The four newly bacterial strains showed high decolorization ability to dye. The highest decolorization (90%-95%) was observed after 72hr, pH 7-9, 50mg/L concentration of dye and glucose as carbon source. According to findings from the present study, the decolorization ability of F52, C43, C19, and C25 strains was 93%, 96%, 100%, and 98.33%, respectively. The phytotoxicity test confirmed the nontoxic effect of the dye decolorization products compared with the toxic Disperse Blue 60 on seeds of Raphanus sativus L. Based on the biochemical characterization and 16s rDNA gene sequencing analysis, the selected bacterial strains were identified as Alishewanella, Halomonas, Jonesia, and Pseudomonas genera. High decolorization ability of the bacterial isolates showed they could effectively use in the biological treatment of wastewater. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Isolation of powerful and effective strains from Kashan textile wastewater Increasing of decolorization by improving environmental conditions Alishewanella, Halomonas, Jonesia, and Pseudomonas genera can be used for biological treatment of wastewater.

Assessment of toxic interaction of nano zinc oxide and nano copper oxide on germination of Raphanus sativus seeds.

Multiple applications of nanoparticles (NPs) could result in their potential release into agricultural systems and raised concerns about food safety. The NPs once released in the environment may interact with numerous pollutants, including other NPs. Present study assessed the impact of a single (CuO and ZnO NPs) and binary mixture (CuO+ZnO NPs) on the germination of Raphanus sativus seeds with a wide range of exposure concentration (0-1000 mg/L). Both the NPs have shown a deleterious effect on seeds at exposure concentration greater than 10 mg/L. Antagonistic interaction between effects of CuO and ZnO NPs on seeds was noticed for all the exposed concentrations. CuO NPs showed higher absorption capacity on the seedling surface than ZnO NPs. Internal uptake of Zn in ZnO NP-exposed seedlings was found to be greater than that due to CuO NP-exposed seedlings. Three different types of exposure adversely affected seed germination (reduction in root length, shoot length, and fresh weight). Reduction in growth parameters (length and weight) with concentration was compared using log-logistic dose-response model of "DRC" package of the "R" software, and EC50 was determined. As per EC50 values, the toxicity of CuO NPs was found to be maximum followed by CuO+ZnO NPs and then minimum for ZnO NPs. Seedlings accumulated Cu and Zn metals, and higher uptake was recorded for Zn (reported as mg/g seedling dry weight). The order of toxicity was found as CuO NPs > binary mixture (CuO+ZnO) NPs > ZnO NPs. Exposure concentration greater than 10 mg/L resulted in significant toxicity and uptake in germinated seedlings. These findings indicated that exposure of the mixture of NPs during germination might give different effects and thus, further attempts could prove quite beneficial to the literature.