Datura Seeds Research Articles

ASSISTED REPRODUCTION: DATURA STRAMONIUM EXTRACT AS APHRODISIAC IN THE GOAT BUCK

This study explored the potential of Datura extract as aphrodisiac in the goat buck. Study involved 25 West African dwarf goat bucks comprising one control and four treatment groups. Datura seeds were leached in water. The extract was administered to the goat bucks in increasing dosages. Semen was harvested and quality determined using established procedures. Quality assessment included volume of ejaculate, mass activity, mass motility, ejaculate colour, sperm concentration and semen pH. Mass activity increased (P<0.50) at (mlkg-1BW) 0.04, 0.06 and 0.08; highest value being at 0.06 dosage. Mass motility and Sperm concentration were highest at (mlkg-1BW) 0.06. Semen pH was not affected by the extract. Extract evoked increased semen mass activity, semen mass motility and sperm concentration but reduced semen ejaculate volume in the goat buck. The dose of 0.06ml/kg-1BW is suggested for the goat buck. Without reducing the quality of the semen, the extract of Datura stramonium can be useful in enhancing the sexual/breeding capabilities of genetically proven goat bucks especially in conditions of old age and/or weak erectile function; and/or increased demand for the service of the buck in goat production enterprise.

AN EVALUATION OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS AND QUANTITATIVE PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF DATURA METEL- A RESEARCH ARTICLE

Datura is known as a medicinal plant and plant hallucinogen all over the world. Datura is a rich source of alkaloids such as Hyoscyamine, hyoscine, scopolamine, atropine, with anolides (lactones) and other tropanes. Based on the presence of alkaloids, formulations containing Datura exhibit antibacterial, antioxidant, herbicidal, antifungal, antiviral and antiulcer properties. Historically, Datura has been employed in the treatment of skin disorders, ear pain, cough, fever, and asthma, among other traditional uses. Qualitative phytochemical test indicates the identification of primary metabolites (Carbohydrate, protein, fat etc.) and secondary metabolites (alkaloids, glycosides tannin etc.). Aim- Physicochemical parameters and quantitative phytochemical analysis of Datura metel. Material & Method- The powdered form of Datura seeds was prepared, and its physicochemical or phytochemical testing & standardization were conducted in accordance with established protocols. Results- Datura was evaluated for different standardization parameters which showed Loss on drying (7.36%), Total ash (7.26%), Acid insoluble ash (3.65%), Water soluble extractive (17.65%), Alcohol soluble extractive (12.25%) and Water-soluble ash (5.19%). Molisch test was positive in aqueous extract. Benedict test was positive in alcoholic extract. Fehling test was positive in aqueous extract. Alkaloids were identified in aqueous extract due to positive of Dragondroff test, Wagner’s test, and Hager’s test positive in aqueous extract. Amino acid was present in aqueous extract due to show positive result in Ninhydrine test. Proteins were present in test sample due to positive in Biuret test and Xenthoprotic test in aqueous extract. Foam test was positive in aqueous extract. Borntroger’s test positive in aqueous extract. Phenolic test was positive in aqueous and alcoholic extract. FeCl3 test, Pot. Dichromate test was positive in extract of seeds that’s indicate that tannin is present in sample. Conclusion- This paper highlights organoleptic characters and constituents of Datura metel and the data obtained from this study can be utilized to establish standards for Datura metel.

Phytochemical Screening and Hematological Effects of Bioactive Components of Aqueous and Methanolic Extracts of Leaves and Seeds of Datura innoxia on Male Wistar Rat

Phytochemical Screening and Hematological Effects of Bioactive Components of Aqueous and Methanolic Extracts of Leaves and Seeds of Datura innoxia on Male Wistar Rat

Facing tropane alkaloid contamination in millet

Thorn Apple or Jimson Weed (Datura stramonium) is a tropane alkaloid containing widespread pest plant growing in central Europe. This pest predominantly occurs in millet, buckwheat and maize cultivation. Therefore, sound cleaning of these crops is just as pivotal as reliable analytics. The cleaning of millet at laboratory scale with commercial mechanical cleaning devices, such as sieves, indented separators or table sorters without using colour sorters, reduces the dark coloured Datura seed content by up to 99%. Nevertheless, the few remaining Datura seeds (up to one nut per 30 kg) could lead to an exceedance of the European Union (EU) limit values for tropane alkaloids in baby food. However, plant material other than seeds or even invisible abrasion of Datura seeds can contaminate the millet during harvest, handling, cleaning processes or crop transportation. Contamination originating from adhesive dust can be removed by dehulling the kernels, and a reduction below the EU detection limit could be achieved.

Laboratory investigations into the cause of multiple serious and fatal food poisoning incidents in Uganda during 2019

During 2019 a series of food poisoning events and deaths occurred in Uganda due to an unknown causative agent. In response the World Food Programme (WFP) initiated investigations into the incidents which included contacting expert laboratories to analyse the main suspect product known as Super Cereal. The laboratories used a broad gamut of their testing capabilities to determine the cause of the incidents. This included targeted and non-targeted methodologies such as LC-MS/MS, QToF-MS and spectroscopic techniques coupled to chemometrics. The conclusion of the investigation was that the cause of the food poisoning was due to the presence of the Tropane alkaloids, atropine and scopolamine, in the Super Cereal. These alkaloids were found to be present due to the incorporation of Datura seeds during production of the Super Cereal. Furthermore, the data generated showed all outbreaks were caused by a single batch of the Super Cereal.

Effects of Exogenous Calcium on Datura Seed Germination under Drought Stress

With polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000), of 0% (CK), 5%, 10%, 15%, 25% used to simulate drought stress, and CaCl2 concentration 0 (CK), of 15, 20, 25 and 30mmol/L as ion gradient of exogenous calcium, the effects of drought, exogenous calcium and the interaction between the two on the Datura seed germination, so as to explore the optimal application amount of exogenous calcium to ease the suppression of drought stress on Datura seed germination. The results showed that the germination rate, germination potential and germination index of the Datura seeds were significantly lower than those of the control group. Under the normal moisture condition, exogenous calcium of moderate and low concentration had no significant effect on the Datura seed germination, while that of high concentration showed an inhibitory effect on the seed germination. Under drought stress, with the increasing concentration of exogenous calcium, the three indicators of Datura seeds showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. When the exogenous calcium had the concentration of 20 mmol/L, all the indicators of seed germination reached the maximum value, while showed a downward trend when exogenous calcium concentration was 25-30 mmol/L, and even increasingly sharp with drought intensifying. Therefore, in the production and utilization of Datura, 20 mmol/L of exogenous calcium can be used to soak seeds before sowing to improve the emergence rate under low and moderate drought conditions.

Macro- and micro-morphometrical seed characters in seven species of Egyptian Datura and Nicotiana (Solanaceae)

This work describes and compares the external macro- and micro-morphometrical features of the seed of seven species of Datura and Nicotiana belonging to two tribes of the Solanaceae. Fourteen unique characters were measured and described, the results of which reveal marked differences, both among and within genera. The species of Datura exhibited higher values than those of Nicotiana in all morphometrically measured parameters, such as seed weight, size, perimeter, and surface area, with no or little variation in roundness and eccentricity. For qualitative features, the notched outline, rough texture, pitted ornamentation, circular hilum shape, and stellate coat pattern characterized all examined species of Nicotiana. The yellow colour of the seeds can be used to distinguish the seeds of Nicotiana glauca from the brown seeds of other Nicotiana species examined in this study. The circular shape of the hilum distinguishes the seeds of Datura innoxia from those of Datura metel, which have oral-shaped hilum. Considerable differences in seed coat morphology were found both among and within species. However, the size and shape of the seed can be useful and stable characters, and the position of the hilum had some taxonomic significance.

Hybridization effects on seed traits of annual Datura accessions focusing on oil concentration and composition

Datura seeds can be source of non-edible oil for industrial uses and protein for feed. The aim of this work was to study seed composition (oil and protein concentration, fatty acid composition), initially, in five Datura accessions (one D. stramonium f. stramonium, three D. stramonium f. tatula, and one D. ferox) and then to evaluate hybridization as a tool for seed quality improvement. Datura ferox had the lowest oil concentration (8.27%) and the highest stearic acid (4.12%) among the five accessions. To assess the effects of hybridization, 15 accessions [D. stramonium f. stramonium, one D. stramonium f. tatula, their mutual crossings, D. ferox, and 10 inter-specific hybrids (D. stramonium×D. ferox)] were tested in the field. Especially inter-specific hybridization generated putatively exploitable variation for seed traits (seed dimensions, weight, and chemical composition). Seed size and weight [1000-seed weight (TSW)] were positively correlated with protein but were unrelated with oil concentration. Seed length, width, and thickness along with TSW were positively correlated with stearic and oleic acids but negatively with linoleic and palmitic acid concentrations. Oleic and stearic acid concentrations were negatively related with linoleic acid. Concluding, mainly TSW could be used as a selection tool for manipulating fatty acid composition in Datura seeds leading to better oil quality for biodiesel production.

Mechanical behaviors of jammable robotic structures; prediction and computation

One of the most challenging issues to predict and measure mechanical behaviors of jammable robotic structures (when they apply for manipulating, pick-and-place, and also grasping operations) is their elastic modulus calculation for each unique considered vacuum pressure. In previous researches has been demonstrated that the elastic modulus of a trunk of a jamming robot is a fundamental function of the vacuum pressure, and must be obtained from experimental tests. Nonetheless, there was not a unique formulation, obtained from an experimental test to computation as well as prediction an accurate elastic modulus. Hence, this paper has been introduced simplified and beneficial formulation to predict the amounts of mechanical properties based on the vacuum pressure variations. The proposed procedure has been examined by performing an experimental test and results have shown the desired accuracy to predict the deflection-distance of the jammable segments. On the other hand, the necessity of identifying at least another organic material was felt because of introducing just one organic granular material (coarse coffee) as a suitable filler to employ in jamming devices at previous studies. Hence, four new organic-granular-materials were selected and tested. Consequently, a blend of Black-Pepper grains and Datura seeds has been presented as a usable filler. The blend has a lightweight body which produces the high-ratio of strength under external forces. It also provides a wide range of the stiffness which is very important for a jamming robot. Accordingly, it can be applied when high-strength, a wide range of stiffness variety, and also a lightweight jammable structure in soft robotics is required.

Detoxification and estimation of Atropine and Hyoscine from Datura seeds by HPLC analysis

Detoxification and estimation of Atropine and Hyoscine from Datura seeds by HPLC analysis

Poussée tensionnelle et toxidrome anticholinergique secondaire à une consommation accidentelle de datura stramonium chez l’enfant, à propos de 2 cas

ObjectiveTo identify a hypertensive clinical form of atropine or anticholinergic toxidrome secondary to accidental consumption of Datura seeds. Patients and methodsWe report two cases of Datura intoxication in two children who presented marked anticholinergic syndrome whose diagnosis was made by the anamnesis and the clinic. ResultPatient 1: A 5-year-old boy, returns home agitated with balance disorders. He was admitted to pediatric resuscitation unit. His Glasgow score was 11/15. The child made inconsistent remarks. The neurological examination revealed mydriasis. Hemodynamically, the blood pressure was 145/91mmHg, the heart rate was 145 bpm. The rest of the examination noted a temperature of 37.5°, a bladder globe. Standard biological tests were normal. ECG found sinus tachycardia. Urine analysis revealed a positive alkaloid reaction with the presence of atropine. The evolution was favorable after 48hours. Patient 2: 45-month-old boy admitted to a state of severe agitation of toxic origin. The clinical examination showed a central and peripheral anticholinergic symptomatology with severe hallucinations, severe hypertension, and a heart rate at 190 bpm. The rest of the examination found erythema in the thorax and upper limbs, bilateral mydriasis. The toxicological report confirmed the presence of alkaloids. The evolution was favorable. ConclusionHypertension crisis and other anticholinergic clinical signs of Datura stramonium intoxication achieve favorable outcomes in children.

Methanol Extract of Seeds of Datura Stramonium L. Show Antioxidant Activities, Inhibit MCF-7 Cell Proliferation

Background: Datura stramonium besides having several names, is commonly dubbed as thorn apple and jimsonweed weed, belongs to the family of Solanaceae and is found in many regions throughout tropical and subtropical regions. Datura seeds and leaves are used as antiasthmatic, antispasmodic, hypnotic and narcotic. Externally, the jimson seeds are used in treating of fistulas and abscesses. Datura has been used in Ayurveda for asthma symptoms where jimson weed’s leaves are smoked in cigarette or pipe. Objectives: Present study investigates the antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of MEDS. Materials and Methods: The antioxidant assays such as DPPH˙ radical, superoxide radical, ABTS˙+ radical cation, OH˙ radical scavenging assays, Phoshomolybdenum reduction and Fe3+ reducing power assays were investigated. Thin layer chromatography was performed to find out compounds present in the methanol extract. In vitro cytotoxic activity for MCF7 (breast cancer) cell line was too studied by MTT reagent assay method. Results: IC50 values of DPPH˙ radical, superoxide radical, ABTS˙+ radical cation, OH˙ radical scavenging assays were 35.26, 10.50, 49.36 µg/mL concentration respectively. TLC analysis showed the presence of compounds with Rfvalues of 0.76 and 0.58 in the methanol extract of D. stramonium.The cytotoxic activity for MCF7 cell line was 66.84% at 500 µg/mL concentration of methanol extract. Conclusion: There is a potential of MEDS as a source of Antioxidants and anti-proliferative activities. Further research work required to isolate active compounds for clinical therapeutics.

Clinical profile of poisoning in children presenting to pediatric intensive care unit

Introduction: Poisoning in pediatric age group became a challenging emergency in world that might be accidental, incidental or with snake bite or scorpion sting. In spite of many measures proposed by several organizations still the cases of poisoning are increasing. Methods: In this study above 1 month to 18 years of age children were included. Cases of food poisoning, allergic drug reactions were included along with scorpion sting and snake bite. Various parameter analyzed were age, sex, time of ingestion, type of poison, signs and symptoms, time taken to reach hospital, treatment offered, and complications underwent by the patient. Results: All the children who came with complaints of poisoning were admitted in the PICU. Total PICU admissions for 2 years were 693 out of which 27 cases were poisoning. Of total admissions 3.89% were poisoning cases. In total poisoning cases admitted female are 12 and males were 15. Accidentally ingested poisoning cases were 13, intentional ingested were 4 and poisoning due snake bite were 3, scorpion sting were 7. In accidental ingested poisoning 1 is by Datura seeds. Poisoning by ingestion was of total 17 cases and other (scorpion sting and snake bite) are 10. On comparing with age 1-5 years children were more effected i.e, 15. Conclusion: It is retrospective study which showed accidental poisoning is commonly seen in under 5 age group children and incidental poisoning seen in above 10 age group children. In both groups parental counselling and safety measures improve the outcome. Early intervention of pediatric poisoning decreases morbidity and mortality in children.

Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities of Methanol Extract of Seeds of Datura stramonium l

Background: Datura stramonium belongs to the family Solanaceae which is commonly dubbed as thorn apple or jimson weed, and is abundant throughout tropical and subtropical regions. Datura seeds and leaves are used as anti-asthmatic, antispasmodic, hypnotic and narcotic. Externally, the jimson seeds are used in treating fistulas and abscesses. It has been used by the British soldiers to treat respiratory problems. Datura has also finds its utility in Ayurveda for asthma symptoms where jimson weed’s leaves are smoked in cigarette or pipe. Objectives: Aim of the present study was to investigate the antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of methanol extract of seeds of D. stramonium. Materials and Methods: Antioxidant assays such as DPPH˙ radical, superoxide radical, ABTS˙+ radical cation, OH˙ radical scavenging assays, Phoshomolybdenum reduction and Fe3+ reducing power assays were investigated. Thin layer chromatography was performed to find out compounds present in the methanol extract. in vitro cytotoxic activity for MCF7 (breast cancer) cell line was too studied by MTT reagent assay method. Results: IC50 values of DPPH˙ radical, superoxide radical, ABTS˙+ radical cation, OH˙ radical scavenging assays were 35.26, 10.50, 49.36 μg/mL concentration respectively. TLC analysis showed the presence of compounds with Rf values of 0.76 and 0.58 in the methanol extract of D. stramonium. Cytotoxic activity for MCF7 cell line was 66.84% at 500 μg/mL concentration of methanol extract. Conclusion: Here Current study corroborates that D. stramonium is enriched with fine source of significant natural oxidants with anticancer agents and has therapeutic potential for treatment of diseases, induced by oxidative stress, Further research work is required to isolate active compounds for clinical trials.

Colourless natural antimoth agents for woollens

Woollen products are quickly infested with moth under favourable conditions. Some of the natural dyes have antimoth efficacy, but they reproduce limited colour shades. To identify a colourless natural source for antimoth properties, Datura stramonium L. (Datura) was taken. On a weight basis, 43.56% colourless extract yield of datura seeds was obtained. The woollen fabric was treated with extract to study antimoth efficacy by standard method and compared with synthetic antimoth agent ‘Eulon’. The antimoth efficacy was found to be poor in datura seed extract alone as well as with alum and ferrous sulphate. Treatment of the seed extract with stannous chloride showed excellent antimoth efficacy (0.19%), equivalent to commercial antimoth agent “Eulon” (0.17%). The natural antimoth extract obtained from datura seeds avert moth attack on woollen fabrics and can be used for industrial application.

Development of a microwave-assisted extraction of atropine and scopolamine from Solanaceae family plants followed by a QuEChERS cleanup procedure

ABSTRACTIn this work, a novel method based on the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), the QuEChERS dispersive solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was developed for the determination of atropine and scopolamine in plant samples from Datura and Brugmansia genera, which belong to the Solanaceae family. The experimental conditions for MAE, such as temperature, time of extraction, and volume of the extracting solvent as well as extract purification procedure parameters were optimized by the Doehlert uniform shell design and the response surface methodology. For quantitative analysis and validation, a standard addition calibration method was used to reduce the matrix effect. The limits of detection from 3.0 to 3.4 µg g−1 of dry matter and the linearity of the calibration dependence were suitable for the analysis of plant extracts. The repeatability and intermediate precision for both analytes were found to be acceptable (<15%). The developed method was successfully applied to the samples of leaves and seeds of Datura and Brugmansia.

Response of Datura innoxia Linn. to Gamma Rays and Its Impact on Plant Growth and Productivity

Dry scarified seeds of Datura innoxia Linn. were gamma-irradiated with 5, 10, 20, 40, 60 and 80 Gy radiation, using a cobalt-60 source at the rate of 0.623 Gy min−1 at room temperature, and germinated on MS-medium in a growth chamber under controlled conditions. Exposure to low dose(s) of radiation (5 Gy) caused stimulatory effect on seed germination. Analysis of 90-day-old seedlings revealed that growth rate of root and shoot, net photosynthetic rate (P N ), stomatal conductance (gs) and the chlorophyll and carotenoid contents increased with 5 Gy radiations. Higher doses proved inhibitory for all the above parameters; the decline observed was positively correlated with increase in intensity of gamma radiation. Intercellular CO2 (Ci), on the other hand, showed an opposite trend, being lower with 5 Gy than in the control, but significantly higher with increased radiation doses. Hyoscyamine, a tropane alkaloid, exhibited only irregular and non-significant variation in its content, with no perceptible change in structure, in the treated material, indicating that gamma-irradiation caused no significant alteration in the quantity or quality of the compound.

The effects of environment temperature and moisture to investigate seeds germination of jimsonweed

To investigate the variation of the germination in Datura in the soil after the seed spreading, a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design was conducted in three replications, in 2011-2012 in Karaj, Iran. The first factor was three moisture regimes (dryness treatment, H1; alternate wetting and dryness, H2; wetting, H3) and the second factor was temperature in four levels, representing the temperature of various months (integrated the December and January, T1; February and March, T2; April, T3; and at the end of May and June, T4) were simulated on data seeds population from spreading time to re-growth period. All treatments were applied during 30 days and then the germination test was done in 8-35°C. Thereafter, according to the estimated parameters, the relationship between temperature and moisture was investigated with germination models. Results indicated that an estimate of the sigmoidal function parameters with three parameters could be a demonstrator for germination patterns. The results of the functions showed that a gradual increase in environmental temperature caused an increase in germination coefficient when the seed were completely dried. However, this increase was negligible in comparison with the increase that observed in response to other treatments (H2-H3).In all moisture levels, the seeds of Datura did not have a suitable germination in 4 and 7°C, but the rate of germination was increased when the temperature was increased up to 15 and 23°C, especially for alternate wetting and drying conditions.

Chronic non-fatal Datura abuse in a patient of paranoid schizophrenia: A case report

IntroductionA range of psychoactive substances used by patients suffering from schizophrenia varies and may include those which are fatal and may cause serious toxicity leading to death. We here present a case report of a patient suffering from paranoid schizophrenia, who was abusing Datura stramonium over a prolonged period. Case summaryA 32 year old male presented with aggressive behaviour, irritability for 6 years and regular intake of Datura seeds for 3 years. After taking detailed history and mental status examination (MSE), diagnoses of paranoid schizophrenia and mental and behavioral disorder due to use of hallucinogen were made. He had shown improvement on standard treatment with antipsychotics. ConclusionD. stramonium is recognized among emerging new psychoactive substances being used across the world. Among various theories we discuss self-medication hypothesis as a mediating factor for this case. Though D. stramonium is notorious for its life threatening sequelae, clinicians should be aware of its chronic abuse as self-medication.

Intra- and inter-laboratory validation of a dipstick immunoassay for the detection of tropane alkaloids hyoscyamine and scopolamine in animal feed

Tropane alkaloids (TAs) are toxic secondary metabolites produced by plants of, inter alia, the genera Datura (thorn apple) and Atropa (deadly nightshade). The most relevant TAs are (–)-L-hyoscyamine and (–)-L-scopolamine, which act as antagonists of acetylcholine muscarinic receptors and can induce a variety of distinct toxic syndromes in mammals (anti-cholinergic poisoning). The European Union has regulated the presence of seeds of Datura sp. in animal feeds, specifying that the content should not exceed 1000 mg kg–1 (Directive 2002/32/EC). For materials that have not been ground, visual screening methods are often used to comply with these regulations, but these cannot be used for ground materials and compound feeds. Immunological assays, preferably in dipstick format, can be a simple and cost-effective approach to monitor feedstuffs in an HACCP setting in control laboratories. So far no reports have been published on immunoassays that are capable of detecting both hyoscyamine and scopolamine with equal sensitivity and that can be used, preferably in dipstick format, for application as a fast screening tool in feed analysis. This study presents the results obtained for the in-house and inter-laboratory validation of a dipstick immunoassay for the detection of hyoscyamine and scopolamine in animal feed. The target level was set at 800 µg kg–1 for the sum of both alkaloids. By using a representative set of compound feeds during validation and a robust study design, a reliable impression of the relevant characteristics of the assay could be obtained. The dipstick test displayed similar sensitivity towards the two alkaloids and it could be concluded that the test has a very low probability of producing a false-positive result at blank level or a false-negative result at target level. The assay can be used for monitoring of TAs in feedstuffs, but has also potential as a quick screening tool in food- or feed-related poisonings.