Seeds Of Anethum Graveolens Research Articles

Validated HPTLC Analysis for Estimation of Quercetin in Seeds of Anethum graveolens

A high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method for the quantification of quercetin was developed on methanolic extract of dill (Anethum graveolens) seeds and subsequently validated. A suitable mobile phase was used to establish the HPTLC method, ethyl acetate, toluene, methanol, chloroform, and formic acid (2:3:3:2). A densitometric analysis was done at 366 nm of wavelength. Quercetin has an Rf value of 0.55. In the dilution range of 100 to 800 ng per band, quercetin revealed a linear connection with r2= 0.9938 in the calibration’s linear regression analysis. By conducting replication analysis on 2 separate days and one day, accuracy was verified. The standard addition method was used to conduct recovery studies to validate accuracy. The quercetin recovery rate was 98.60% on average. Five replicates of each of the three standards were used to detect the system suitability parameter. With regard to both the peak area and the Rf value, the %RSD was observed to be under 2%. The mobile phase concentration was altered from Toluene: Ethyl acetate: Chloroform: Methanol (2:3:3:2) to (3:2:2:3) with few drops of formic acid. It was found to have a %RSD of peak area below 10%, the robustness of the method was assessed. The developed HPTLC method was discovered to be easy to use, precise, accurate, suitable, and robust for estimating quercetin from dill seed extract.

Biochemical characterization of volatile compounds and antimicrobial activity of Anethum graveolens seeds

Biochemical characterization of volatile compounds and antimicrobial activity of Anethum graveolens seeds

Histological evaluation of changing the feeding technology of broiler chickens by introducing a Anethum graveolens-based feed supplement

The paper presents the results of morphological studies of internal organs of broiler chickens when using an Anethum Graveolens-based additive in the diet. In the spring-summer period, an experiment was conducted for three groups of broiler chickens. In addition to feed, the 1st experimental group daily received an alcoholic tincture based on Anethum graveolens; the 2nd experimental group – Anethum graveolens seeds; the 3rd group served as the control. After the end of the experiment, the samples of internal organs were taken for histological studies and stained with hemotoxylin and eosin, picrofuchsin according to Van Gieson, Sudan III, according to Weigert, alcian blue. According to the results of the studies, the Anethum graveolens seeds used in the 2nd experimental group did not have a negative effect on the internal organs of broiler chickens. However, the changes were observed in the 1st experimental group using an alcohol tincture based on Anethum graveolens in the diet. At the same time, the data for broiler chickens of the control group were within normal limits.

Ethyl acetate fraction of Anethum graveolens seeds exerts an antiproliferative effect by inhibiting anti-apoptotic proteins in MCF-7 and PC-3 cells: An in vitro and molecular docking study

Background: Anethum graveolens seeds have therapeutic benefits, which may be a potential approach to the treatment of different cancers. Objectives: We investigated, the antiproliferative effect of ethyl acetate fraction of dill (EAFD), on MCF-7 and PC-3 cell lines and its two most active components, anethole and carvone by molecular docking analysis. Materials and Methods: In-vitro assays, like cell viability assay and measurement of reactive oxygen species, were performed besides performing Giemsa stain and other fluorescent stains; JC-1 dye, dual mixed stain ethidium bromide/acridine orange and 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole stain to study morphological characteristics, including molecular docking analysis. EAFD concentrations (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 mg/ml) were used. Results: The EAFD prominently inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 cells and PC-3 cells by dose-dependent and time-dependent methods. Increased exposure of EAFD to MCF-7 and PC-3 cells increases the level of intracellular oxidative stress. Similarly, EAFD exposure confirms the morphological alternations such as cell shrinkage, membrane disruption, nuclear condensation, and blebbing in phase-contrast microscopy and even fluorescent microscopy stains can lead to mitochondrial membrane degradation, chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation. Analyses of docking results suggest that anethole and carvone bind to the hydrophobic patches of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL through hydrophobic interactions. Conclusion: The EAFD may be antiproliferative activity and leading to pro-apoptotic cell death. Molecular docking analysis of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL anti-apoptotic protein indicated that the antiproliferative activity and pro-apoptotic cell deaths by EAFD are possibly due to inhibition of these proteins.

A water-soluble polysaccharide from Anethum graveolens seeds: Structural characterization, antioxidant activity and potential use as meat preservative

A novel water-soluble polysaccharide named AGP1 was successfully isolated from seeds of Anethum graveolens by hot water extraction and further purified by DEAE-Sepharose chromatography. AGP1 has a relative molecular weight of 2.1 104 Da determined by Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). The AGP1 characterization was investigated by chemical and instrumental analysis including gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC–MS), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Results showed that AGP1 was mainly composed of glucose, galactose, mannose and arabinose in a molar percent of 54.3, 23.8, 14.7 and 7.2, respectively. The thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) and the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used and showed that AGP1 has good thermal stability until 275 °C. Moreover, the purified polysaccharide demonstrated an appreciable in vitro antioxidant potential. The addition of the AGP1, particularly at 0.3% (w/w), in turkey sausages instead of ascorbic acid, as preservative, reduced the lipid peroxidation, preserved the pH and color and improved the bacterial stability during cold storage at 4 °C for 12 days. Overall, the results showed that the AGP1 deserves to be developed as functional and bioactive components for the food and nutraceutical industries.

Semi-synthesis, antibacterial and antifungal activities of three novel thiazolidin-4-one by essential oil of Anethum graveolens seeds as starting material

The three novel compounds of thiazolidin-4-one were synthesized by the reaction of essential oil of Anethum graveolens seeds (containing carvone) with thiosemicarbazide and acetylenic esters. The essential oil of A. graveolens seeds were analyzed by GC–MS after extraction that were containing high amount of carvone (37%). Carvonethiosemicarbazone was produced by the reaction of carvone with thiosemicarbazide that this compound in the reaction with acetylenic esters produced thiazolidin-4-one derivatives. The synthetic compounds 6a–c was confirmed by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and mass spectral data. Antimicrobial and antifungal activities of the synthetic compounds were assessed against 9 Gram-positive and 7 Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria as well as three fungal strains. The activities were reported as inhibition zone diameter, minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration and minimum fungicidal concentration values.

Anethum graveolens seeds: Neurological assessment of anxiolytic like effect on albino mice by using locomotor activity

Ethnopharmacological relevance: seeds of Anethum graveolens have been used in the Indian traditional medicine to relieve stress and other neurological disease conditions. Aim of the study: The present study was under taken to evaluate the anxiolytic effects of seeds of Anethum graveolens Ethanolic Extract (AGEE) in mice. Materials and methods: seeds of Anethum graveolens Ethanolic extract was screened for anxiolytic effect by using using locomotor activity at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg. Distilled water and Diazepam were employed as negative and positive control groups, respectively. Results: anxiolytic effect assessment of seeds of Anethum graveolens Ethanolic Extract (AGEE) 200 mg/kg shows significantly decrease in locomotion (45.66 %) as compared to standard (69.05 %) treatment group. Conclusion: The results of this study established a support for the traditional usage of seeds of Anethum graveolens as anxiolytic medicinal plant

Neurological assessment of antidepressant effect of seeds of Anethum graveolens on albino mice

Ethnopharmacological relevance: seeds of Anethum graveolens have been used in the Indian traditional medicine to relieve stress and other neurological disease conditions. Aim of the study: The present study was under taken to evaluate the antidepressant effects of seeds of Anethum graveolens Ethanolic Extract (AGEE) in mice. Materials and methods: seeds of Anethum graveolens Ethanolic extract was screened for antidepressant effect by using forced swim test at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg. Distilled water and Imipramine were employed as negative and positive control groups, respectively. Results: antidepressant effect assessment of seeds of Anethum graveolens Ethanolic Extract (AGEE) 200 mg/kg shows significantly decrease in immobility time (24.44 %) as compared to standard (46.67 %) treatment group. Conclusion: The results of this study established a support for the traditional usage of seeds of Anethum graveolens as antidepressant medicinal plant

Comparison the Effect of Anethum graveolens and Oxytocin on Induction of Labor in Term Pregnancy: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background: Oxytocin, the most common medicine for labor induction, has maternal and fetal side effects and sometimes is not effective. Herbal medicines are alternatively utilized as safe methods. Dill includes tannin, which is a polyphenol with contractile properties, is potentially supposed to be able to induce uterus contractions. Objectives: The current study aimed to test the effects of Anethum graveolens (dill) seeds on induction of labor and compare it with oxytocin in term pregnancy. Patients and Methods: A randomized clinical trial was conducted on 100 eligible participants without any delivery signs such as labor pain, rapture of membranes or bloody show. Participants were allocated to either the case or control group and receiving boiled Anethum graveolens seeds or induction with oxytocin, respectively. Therefore, 0.018 g/kg of dill seeds with a spoonful of sugar was solved in 250 mL of boiling water and brewed for about 10 minutes. Then it was filtrated. Subjects in the case group drank this solution only once after admission and they were infused with simple Ringer solution. The control group received standard protocol of labor induction with oxytocin. Participants were followed up to the delivery time. Results: Case group had a significantly better Bishop score following the intervention compared to the control group. The mean duration of active phase, second and third stages of labor were significantly lower in the case group. The control group had shorter latent phase than the case group. Conclusions: Results showed that the boiled Anethum graveolens seeds was effective on labor induction.

A randomized clinical trial of the efficacy of applying a simple protocol of boiled Anethum Graveolens seeds on pain intensity and duration of labor stages

This study aimed to test the effects of boiled Anethum Graveolens seeds on pain intensity and duration of labor stages. A randomized clinical trial was conducted on 153 eligible participants who had regular uterine contractions. Participants were allocated to either intervention or control group receiving boiled Anethum Graveolens seeds or routine care, respectively. Preparation of Anethum Graveolens boiled solution was as follows: 10g (two tablespoons) of seed in 100cc water boiled for 10min. After filtration, this solution used by intervention group only once after starting active phase (3-4cm of cervix dilatation). Participants were followed up to the delivery time. Data were analyzed using T, and Chi square tests. Findings showed that the length of the all stages of labor were significantly lower in intervention compared to control group in except for second stage in primiparous. The second stage of labor in primiparous participants in intervention group was shorter than control group, although the difference is not significant. Moreover, intervention group had a significantly better dilatation and effacement scores after 1, 2, 3 and 4h following the intervention compared to control group. Results supported the boiled Anethum Graveolens seeds as an effective way to progress of the labor.

Elemental analysis of Anethum gravedlens, Sismbrium Irio Linn and Veronia Anthelmintica seeds by instrumental neutron activation analysis

Instrumental neutron activation analysis has been used to characterize As, Ba, Br, Ce, Cl, Co, Cr, Cs, Eu, Fe, Hg, K, Mn, Na, Rb, Sb, Se and Zn, and Sc in seeds of Anethum graveolens (Dill), Sisymbrium irio Linn. (Wild Mustard) and Vernonia anthelmintica (Iron Weed). Dill seed was found to contain high K while Wild Mustard has high Fe, Mn and Na levels. Iron Weed has highest Cl, Co, Cr and Zn content with least concentration of Fe.

Polysaccharides from seeds of higher plants. water-soluble polysaccharides from plant seeds of the family Apiaceae

We studied previously plants of the families Liliaceae [1, 2], Amaryllidacea [3], Malvaceae [4], and Caryophyllaceae [5]. In continuation of work in this area, we studied water-soluble polysaccharides (WSPS) from seeds of higher plants of the family Apiaceae (Umbelliferae). The composition and content and physicochemical characteristics of seeds from representatives of this family have not been reported. Furthermore, many Umbelliferae plants have great economic value as food, drug, feed, and technical plants [6]. Therefore, our goal was to isolate and determine qualitatively and quantitatively WSPS from seeds of 15 plant species of the family Apiaceae. The common determination method for WSPS from all seeds included grinding air-dried seeds (10 g), treatment with EtOH:CHCl3 (1:2, v/v) to remove lipids and pigments, and extraction (3 ) of WSPS with water at room temperature (1:10 ratio). The extracts were evaporated. Polysaccharides were precipitated by alcohol. The precipitate was washed with acetone and dried. The monosaccharide composition of WSPS was established after total acid hydrolysis (H2SO4, 2 N, 100°C, 5 h) and subsequent analysis. GC of aldononitrile acetates [7] was performed on a Chrom-5 instrument with a flame-ionization detector, glass column (250 0.20 mm), 5% Silicone XE-60 on inerton NAW (0.200–0.250 m), 205°C, N2 carrier gas, 30 mL/min. Samples of WSPS were white powders with a cream tint. They did not have reducing power and did not contain starch according to a negative test with iodine. Fehling solution was added to aqueous solutions of the polysaccharides using the principle of selective precipitation of mannose-containing polysaccharide [8]. A precipitate formed for seeds of Angelica ternata, Coriandrum sativum, Heraclim lehmannianum, Ferula tenuisecta, F. diversivittata, Foeniculum vulgare, and Mediasia macrophylla. Polysaccharides of the mannan type were probably present in the isolated WSPS. Table 1 shows that the studied polysaccharides were obtained in different yields from the seeds. The WSPS content was 0.38-5.96% and was greater in seeds of Anethum graveolens, Daucus carota L., Ferula tschimganica (>4%); and in Foeniculum vulgare (5.6%) and Mediasia macrophylla (5.96%). The hydrolysis products of the WSPS contained from two to five monosaccharides. Rhamnose was present in all studied polysaccharides from plant seeds. The principal components were rhamnose, arabinose, glucose, and galactose. This indicated that the polysaccharide fractions contained rhamnoarabinogalactan, rhamnoxylogalactan, glucan, and rhamnoglucan. Thus, screening of seeds from 15 plant species of the family Apiaceae found that the isolated WSPS differed in quantitative content of WSPS and monosaccharide composition. Some WSPS (A. ternata, C. sativum, H. lehmannianum, F. tsehimganica, F. diversivittata, F. vulgare, M. macrophylla) contained mannan-type polysaccharides. As stated above, polysaccharides affect the physiological activity of many food additives [9]. In this respect, screening of WSPS from seeds of Anethum graveolens, C. sativum, Ferula, Foeniculum vulgare, and M. macrophylla are interesting for further medical and biological testing.

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil from seeds of Anethum graveolens growing in Uzbekistan

We have previously studied the chemical composition of essential oil (EO) from seeds of Anethum graveolens from Xinjiang Autonomous District in the PRC [1]. The component composition of essential oils is known to depend on the habitat. It seemed interesting to compare the composition and biological activity of EO from dill seeds growing in China and Uzbekistan. We used GC—MS to establish the structures of the isolated compounds. EO from seeds of A. graveolens (2007 harvest) that were collected in Tashkent Oblast was isolated by steam distillation in 4.2% yield. The chemical composition of the EO was studied using a Perkin—Elmer Turbo GC—MS. The component content of the oil was calculated using areas of GC peaks of total ion current without correlation coefficients. EO components were identified by comparing retention times and mass spectra of the component obtained in mass scanning mode and by using mass-spectral library data for standard oil components and pure compounds. A total of 22 chemical compounds was identified in EO of A. graveolens seeds growing in Uzbekistan. Table 1 lists the chemical composition of the EO. The principal EO components from dill seed growing in Uzbekistan were carvone (73.61%), limonene (14.69), cis-dihydrocarvone (5.87), diplaniol (1-allyl-2,5-dimethoxy-3,4-methylenedioxybenzene) (2.16), and 1,2-diethoxyethane (1.43%), which together made up 99.2% of the total EO component composition. The principal components of EO from dill seed growing in China were n-pentacosane (27.96%), dioctylester of 1,2-phenyldicarboxylic acid (25.10), octacosane (13.81), tricosane (9.14), and n-nonacosane (6.85%) [1]. A comparison of our data with that obtained earlier indicated that both the qualitative and quantitative composition of the principal EO components of A. graveolens growing in different geographic zones differed considerably. The high content in the studied EO of carvone, which is widely used as a growth inhibitor of bacteria [2-4] and certain fungi [5] and as a repellent [6] is noteworthy. Both S-(+)-carvone and R-(-)-carvone are used in the food industry to produce flavors [4] and in agriculture. For example, S-(+)-carvone is used in the Netherlands to prevent premature sprouting of potato tubers and tulip bulbs during storage [7, 8]. Carvone is an available and inexpensive reagent for organic synthesis in both enantiomeric forms. This makes it attractive for asymmetric synthesis of natural compounds [9]. Antimicrobial activity of EO fractions toward Candida albican and Staphylococcus aureus was estimated using the Barry method to determine the minimal inhibiting concentration (MIC) [10]. Growth of microorganisms decreased markedly upon addition of EO to nutrient medium. The experimental results are given below:

Chemical composition of essential oil from seeds of Anethum graveolens cultivated in China

Dill, Anethum graveolens L. (Apiaceae), is an annual plant with a strong spicy odor [1]. Dill has been known since antiquity as an agent for increasing the stomach tonus and has been used for aches in the stomach and intestines, dispepsia, bladder inflammation, liver diseases, headaches, cramps, and insomnia [2]. The essential oil (EO) of dill seeds contains biologically active compounds [3, 4]. We used EO from dill seeds collected in the Xinjiang—Uigur Autonomous Region of China. EO was extracted from dill seeds (50 g) by steam distillation for 4 h and extracted from the aqueous phase by diethylether. The ether extract was dried with Na2SO4. Solvent was removed overnight. The yield of EO was 3.8% of the seed mass. EO of dill was an oily light yellow liquid with a unique odor and a density of 0.925 g/cm3. The chemical composition of the EO was studied by GC—MS on a Perkin—Elmer Turbo Mass Aid System XL gas chromatograph with a quadrupole mass spectrometer as the detector. We used a 30-m PE-5MS capillary quartz column (copolymer 5% phenylmethylsilicone) with internal diameter 0.25 mm and stationary-phase film thickness 25 μm, flow rate 35 mL/min, He carrier gas with temperature programming. The column was held for 2 min at 75°C, heated to 100°C at 2°C/min, to 160°C at 4°C/min, to 220°C at 2°C/min, and held for 2 min at that temperature. The final isothermal duration was 20 min at 230°C. Samples (0.2 μL) were injected. The evaporator temperature was 180°C; detector, 220°C; ionization potential, 70 eV, m/z, 30-550. The contents of oil components were calculated using the areas of the GC peaks without correction coefficients. Quantitative analysis was based on comparison of retention times and complete mass spectra with those of standard oil components, pure compounds, and mass spectrometric libraries of NBS, NIST, and Wiley.

Fatty-acid composition of the oils of the seeds of Anethum graveolens during their ripening

Fatty-acid composition of the oils of the seeds of Anethum graveolens during their ripening