Cherry Seedlings Research Articles

Effective biocontrol efficacy of Bacillus subtilis CV21 against cherry leaf spot disease caused by Alternaria phytopathogens and growth promotion of flowering cherry (Prunus sargentii Rehder) seedlings

Cherry leaf spot (CLS) disease is one of the most common and deleterious disease of flowering cherry seedlings which lowers frost tolerance, growth, and biomass production during the season, and reduces flower production in following season. This study isolated two phytopathogens, Alternaria alternata CH3 and Alternaria alternata CH10, and confirmed their pathogenicity of CLS disease in flowering cherry seedlings, causing brownish spots and necrotic lesions on the leaves. We also isolated a plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB), Bacillus subtilis strain CV21, and investigated its antifungal and plant growth-promoting properties. The bacterium produced cell wall-degrading enzymes such as chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase, and protease and effectively antagonized both A. alternata CH3 and A. alternata CH10 and the crude enzyme fraction (100 µl/mL) of B. subtilis CV21 inhibited spore germination by 40.1 % and 25.1 % and reduced mycelial growth by 29.1 % and 42.5 % against A. alternata CH3 and A. alternata CH10. The crude enzyme fraction degraded the cell walls of both phytopathogens in a concentration-dependent manner, causing swelling with bulbous structures in the hyphal cell, and cell wall lysis with severe perforations, loss of shape and aggregation of spores compared to control. Treatment with the bacterial culture broth on flowering cherry seedlings reduced CLS disease by 1.3-fold and 3.4-fold compared to the chemical treatment and the control group, respectively. In addition, B. subtilis CV21 also demonstrated plant growth-promoting properties such as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production up to a maximum concentration of 3.5 µg/mL during the experimental period and exhibited potential for phosphate solubilization and nitrogen fixation. The inoculation of nursery seedlings with B. subtilis CV21 culture broth improved the chlorophyll content, and increased seedling growth and biomass production compared to chemical treatment and the control group. The results demonstrate that the B. subtilis CV21 could be effectively applied as a bio-fungicide to control CLS and as bio-stimulant/bio-fertilizer to enhance the growth of flowering cherry seedlings.

Changes in understory plant communities following soil scarification and amendments in a Northern Hardwood Forest

The regeneration dynamics of sugar maple-dominated stands in northeastern North America are intricately influenced by global changes such as soil acidification, invasive species, forest management, and climate shifts. A notable challenge is the expansion of American beech and its bark disease, threatening mature trees and ecosystem services. Although sylvicultural practices aim to control beech regeneration and enhance high-value species, their impact on understory plant communities remains poorly documented. In Valcartier, eastern Canada, we conducted a field experiment to assess the short-term effects of soil scarification and diverse soil amendments (nitrogen fertilization, liming, wood ash) on understory plant communities in a beech-invaded sugar maple stand. Over four years, we inventoried vegetation and measured various biotic and abiotic variables. Results showed that soil scarification significantly reduced diversity metrics like Simpson dominance, functional diversity, and redundancy (a metric correlated to community stability and resilience to disturbance). Negative effects of scarification were exacerbated by nitrogen, lime, or wood ash additions. Lime amendment without scarification enhanced diversity, suggesting its potential to support understory community stability. While scarification and amendments can promote sugar maple, yellow birch, and pin cherry seedling establishment, they have collateral effects on the understory, impacting productivity, diversity, and resilience in the short term. Land managers should exercise caution when combining these treatments, as they may transiently alter the stability and resilience of the understory and other forest functions. A more sustainable approach involves applying scarification and amendments on small, well-distributed patches within the targeted stands for treatment, avoiding extensive application over large areas.

CLARIFICATION TO "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INDICATORS OF ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF CULTIVATION OF CHERRY SEEDLINGS WITH DRIP IRRIGATION" DOI: 10.12731/2658-6649-2024-16-1-722

Nikolskaya O.A., Semenchenko E.V., Solonkin A.V. Comparative Analysis of Indicators of Economic Efficiency of Cultivation of Cherry Seedlings with Drip Irrigation. Siberian Journal of Life Sciences and Agriculture, 2024, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 102-118. DOI: 10.12731/2658-6649-2024-16-1-722 The authors clarify the source of funding: The research was carried out within the framework of the state assignment of research work of the Federal Research Center of Agroecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences № 122020100448-6 “Creation of new competitive forms, varieties and hybrids of cultivated, woody and shrub plants with high productivity, quality and increased resistance to adverse environmental factors, new innovative technologies in seed and nursery production taking into account varietal characteristics and soil and climatic conditions of arid territories of the Russian Federation” The original article can be found under DOI: https://doi.org/10.12731/2658-6649-2024-16-1-722

Morpho-physiological and anatomical responses to shade avoidance are exhibited in Surinam cherry seedlings

Morpho-physiological and anatomical responses to shade avoidance are exhibited in Surinam cherry seedlings

ВЛИЯНИЕ МИНЕРАЛЬНОГО УДОБРЕНИЯ И ПОДВОЕВ НА РОСТ И РАЗВИТИЕ САЖЕНЦЕВ ВИШНИ СОРТА ТРОИЦКАЯ

The growth and development of fruit crop seedlings depend on various factors that allow increasing the growth and the root collar diameter. The parameters are crucial for obtaining high-quality products. The application of mineral fertilisers allows the plant to fully feed on trace elements throughout the growing season, in conditions when the plant has a limited space for growth but experiences no deficiency in nutrients. Using rootstocks in growing stone fruit trees is critical for the development of seedlings and their resistance to adverse environmental conditions. The variety and rootstock response to mineral fertilisers is another important criterion for obtaining strong cherry seedlings [12, 14]. The Urea mineral fertiliser enhanced the growth of seedlings 1.5-fold on the rootstock of the Ashinskaya and Maak cherry varieties. The fertilisers also increased the root collar diameter: RCD enlarged 1.4-fold on the rootstocks of varieties Ashinskaya and Maaka. The Ashinskaya cherry tree variety has a high regenerative capacity, winter hardiness, rapid growth, high field resistance to pests and diseases [11]. The Maaka cherry tree variety has a monogenic resistance to coccomycosis, high winter hardiness, drought resistance, a high rooting rate of green cuttings and produces no overgrowth. The properties make variety Maaka valuable for rootstock use. The Troitskaya cherry tree variety has an average early ripening period, a high yield, annual fruiting, resistance to pests and diseases, it is a donor of large fruit. The experiment identified the best variant that involved applying the Urea mineral fertiliser at a dose of 5 g / l and, using the Maaka cherry tree variety as a rootstock. The variant demonstrated the highest values for the height of seedlings (68.6 cm) and the highest RCD values (6.9 mm) on average for three years

Variations in growth and biochemical parameters in annual cherry plants under the infl uence of growth regulators

This study addresses the influence of the Applin drug on the growth and biochemical parameters of the leaves in three annual cultivars of cherries (Tyutchevka, Podarok Ryazani and Chermashnaya) grafted onto the Izmailovsky rootstock. The research was carried out in 2021-2022 both in field and laboratory conditions at the Federal Horticultural Centre for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery. It was established that following treatment with Applin, the biometric indicators improved, with the yield of branched annual cherry seedlings increasing to 100 %. The treatment and removal of apical leaves stimulated the formation and growth of lateral branches in annual plants. The number of lateral shoots in experimental plants of the Chermashnaya cultivars increased by 6 times, while in the Tyutchevka and Podarok Ryazani cultivars, it increased by 3-4 times relative to the control. Growth regulators induced an increase in the average length of lateral shoots to 30-50 cm in all cultivars. The total length of the branches in the experimental Chermashnaya cultivar was 118.5 cm, which is 6.7 times higher than in the control. The other two cultivars exhibited a 4–4.5 times increase in total growth in treated plants compared with the control. Biochemical studies revealed an increase in photosynthetic pigment content in leaves following Applin treatment. The total content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity exhibited significant changes. A positive correlation (r = 0.709) was observed between the antioxidant activity of the aqueous extract and the amount of phenolic compounds. The content of chlorophylls (a+b) in the leaves of treated plants increased by 5-10%. Depending on the cultivar, the content of carotenoids varied from 1.1 to 1.8 mg/g, remaining practically constant following treatment. All cultivars showed an increase in the “chlorophyll (a+b)/carotenoids” ratio. Applin treatment also influenced the synthesis of primary and secondary metabolites, stimulating an increase in the content of carbohydrates (fructose, sucrose, turanose, and trehalose) and phenolic compounds (quinic and chlorogenic acids) in cherry plant leaves

The Effect of the Depth of Soil Moisture on the Growth and Development of Cherry Seedlings

Background: For the first time in the conditions of the Volgograd region, new knowledge was obtained, which made it possible, taking into account the changes in the morphology of the root system occurring during the formation of seedlings, the orientation of physiological processes and the biological needs of plants for their optimization, to justify a differentiated water-saving drip irrigation regime in combination with fertilizing vegetating plants, providing high-quality annual sweet cherry seedlings with high economic and water-saving efficiency, environmental tolerance. Methods: The experimental part of the work was carried out in the laboratory of breeding, seed production and nursery breeding 2017-2021 years. The productivity of the variety-rootstock combination was calculated relative to biometric parameters: crown projection area (S), crown volume (V), stem cross-sectional area (S). Result: In the course of the work, methods of watering stone crops, in particular cherries and their effect on survival, growth and development of seedlings in the nursery were studied. The scheme of experiments provides for an assessment of the influence of the water regime of the soil on the formation of the height of the central stem, the root system and the yield of seedlings of class 1 according to the variants of the experiment. Their values were greater than in the control, respectively, by 21 and 17 cm, 24-32%. At the same time, the yield of first-class seedlings in the third variant exceeds the second variant by 6%. According to the results of the conducted studies, the option of maintaining soil moisture at least 80% of the lowest moisture capacity during the adaptation period of the graft with a rootstock in a layer of 0.2 meters, followed by an increase in the soaking depth to 0.4 meters, proved to be the best. In the phase of the transition of seedlings to the dormant period, the pre-watering soil moisture should be maintained at least 70%.

Ефективність застосування гербіцидів в розсаднику при вирощуванні саджанців плодових культур

The results of research on the effectiveness of the use of soil and contact herbicides when growing one-year seedlings in the second field of the nursery are presented. When growing apple seedlings, a positive result was obtained on average over the years of research with the application of soil pesticides Lumax and Zenkor, especially with additional application during the growing season of contact – Fusilada or Targa super. In some years, a good result was also obtained when Stomp and Devrinol were applied, while in others, the suppression of planting material was noted. Practically similar results were obtained when they were introduced in the process of growing plum seedlings. It is also worth noting Lumax, when applying which the diameter of the stem (by 2-6 mm), the height of the seedlings (by 40-60 cm) were greater than in other options with the optimal number of side branches (4-6 pcs.) and their average length (40-80 cm). Plum seedlings were depressed when Devrinol, Zenkor and Gezagard were applied, and in a separate year, Stompa and Dual Gold. In studies with cherry seedlings, they had active growth when applying soil herbicides Gezagard and Zenkor, as well as when combining the former with contact Fuzilad and Targa Super. Seedlings were significantly suppressed when applying other studied herbicides, especially Dual Gold, both alone and in combination with contact herbicides, while the number of branched seedlings decreased. Most herbicides did not have a negative effect on the biometric indicators of cherry seedlings. slight inhibition of growth and the number of side branches was noted when Stomp and Dual Gold were applied. In advance, it is possible to highlight the application of Devrinol, Zencor and Lumax separately without combining with the application of contact herbicides. Key words: seedlings, apple, plum, cherry, sweet cherry, soil herbicides, contact herbicides, biometric indicators.

甜樱桃对高温胁迫的生理响应

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 甜樱桃对高温胁迫的生理响应 DOI: 10.5846/stxb202103230764 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 浙江省科技厅公益技术研究项目（LGN21C150005）；杭州市农科院科技推广项目（2019HNCT-26） Physiological responses to high temperature stress in Prunus avium L. Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:为探讨甜樱桃对高温胁迫的响应机制，以1年生的甜樱桃嫁接盆栽苗为试材，研究了自然高温处理及胁迫后恢复对其叶片生理和超显微结构的影响。结果表明：经连续3d日最高气温均值达57.7℃胁迫后，甜樱桃叶片过氧化氢酶（CAT）和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）活性、超氧阴离子（O2·-）产生速率、非光化学淬灭系数（qN）显著增加，渗透调节物质可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖及脯氨酸含量显著提高，谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）活性、叶绿素含量、PSII最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）和电子传递速率（ETR）显著下降，超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化物酶（POD）活性及光化学淬灭系数（qP）变化不显著。同时对叶片显超微结构观察发现，胁迫引起叶绿体变性，基质内囊体发生扭曲，部分基粒类囊体片层消失，出现大量巨型淀粉粒及嗜锇颗粒。恢复2d后SOD、POD、CAT、APX活性以及可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、叶绿素总含量均显著下降，而GR活性和脯氨酸含量显著升高。以上表明，连续3d自然最高气温达57.7℃对甜樱桃叶片抗氧化系统和光合特性等产生了显著影响，叶绿体超显微结构受到明显破坏，对叶片造成了不可逆伤害。 Abstract:Sweet cherry is the earliest fruit ripen tree in north China and mainly cultivated in Taian, Yantai and Dalian. In recent years, due to the early rise of spring temperature in south China and the rapid development of leisure and sightseeing agriculture, sweet cherry had gradually developed to the south. However, high temperature was more frequent in south China in summer. The influence of temperature on plant are various, which can lead to reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a large number of accumulation in plants and the stability of the biofilm fall and the permeability increases, large molecules such as proteins and nucleic acids, DNA rupture, enzymatic reaction efficiency drops, organelles such as chloroplasts and mitochondria structure was damaged and photosynthetic rate decreased significantly, growth and development, Eventually, the yield and quality of plants were severely reduced. Meanwhile high temperature was closely related to the double pistil rate of sweet cherry. The fruit setting rate of sweet cherry was affected, especially the commercial fruit rate. High temperature became a limiting factor for the southward development of sweet cherry. To investigate the response mechanism of sweet cherry to high temperature stress, the effects of natural high temperature treatment and stress recovery on physiological indexes and ultrastructure of grafted pot seedlings of 1-year sweet cherry were studied in this research. After the seedlings were treated at the average maximum temperature 57.7℃ in consecutive 3 days, the catalase (CAT) and ascorbic peroxidase (APX) activity, superoxide anion (O2·-) producing rate and coefficient of the photochemical quenching (qN) increased significantly in sweet cherry leaves. The osmotic regulation substances including soluble protein, soluble sugar and proline content increased significantly. The glutathione reductase (GR) activity, chlorophyll content, PSII maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) and the electron transport rate (ETR) were significantly reduced. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) and the photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) had no significant changes. The ultrastructure of the leaves was also observed. It was found that the stress caused the chloroplast properties change. The part of the grana thylakoid lamellae disappeared, and a large number of giant starch grains and osmiophilic globule appeared. After recovery for 2 days, the activities of SOD, POD, CAT, APX, soluble sugar, soluble protein and total chlorophyll contents decreased significantly, while the activities of GR and proline content increased significantly. The results indicated that the maximum temperature 57.7℃ for 3 days had significant effects on the antioxidant system and photosynthetic characteristics of sweet cherry leaves, and the chloroplast ultrastructure was significantly damaged, causing irreversible damage to the leaves. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Development of elements of technology for growing branched sweet cherry seedlings

The results of two-year studies on the influence of rootstocks, physiologically active substances and mechanical techniques on biometric indicators of annual seedlings of two varieties of cherries (Tyutchevka and Chermashnaya) are presented. The research was carried out in 2020-2021 in the experimental nursery of the Federal State Budgetary Research Center of Horticulture in the conditions of the Moscow region. The scheme of the experiment included 5 options: I – removal of apical leaves; II – treatment with Apllin (0.6 g/l); III – removal of apical leaves with treatment with Apllin (0.6 g/l); IV – pinching of the tip at a height of 60 cm; st – control, without processing and pinching. The eyepieces were sprayed twice, with an interval of 10 days. It was found that treatment with the preparation Apllin, removal of the apical leaves and their combined use contributed to a significant improvement in the biometric indicators of annual cherry seedlings of weakly branching varieties, increased the number of branches by 2.7-4.6 times and provided in most combinations an increase in the yield of first-class seedlings up to 90-100%. The greatest effect from mechanical and chemical influences was achieved when using the Izmailovsky rootstock. Pinching the top at a height of 60 cm caused a decrease in the linear and radial growth of annuals, an increase in the number of lateral shoots by 1.43 times, but only 50 % of seedlings obtained in this variant corresponded to 1 commercial grade.

Intercropping with the potential cadmium hyperaccumulator Solanum photeinocarpum, and its post‐grafting generations, decrease cadmium uptake and promote growth of cherry

AbstractCadmium (Cd)‐contaminated soil has affected the fruit production safety. To decrease the Cd accumulation in the fruits, the effects of intercropping with the potential Cd‐hyperaccumulator Solanum photeinocarpum and its post‐grafting generations on the Cd uptake in cherry (Cerasus pseudocerasus) were studied by the pot experiments. Intercropping increased the biomass of cherry seedlings to some extent, and decreased the biomass of S. photeinocarpum and its post‐grafting generations. Intercropping decreased the Cd contents in cherry seedlings, and increased the Cd contents in S. photeinocarpum and its post‐grafting generations. Compared with their respective monoculture, intercropping decreased the shoot Cd content in cherry seedlings by 31.37%–60.70%, and increased the shoot Cd contents in S. photeinocarpum its post‐grafting generations by 18.50%–28.76%. In addition, intercropping also decreased the root‐to‐shoot Cd translocations in both plant species, and decreased the Cd content in the branches and fruits of fruiting cherry trees and the Cd extractions of S. photeinocarpum and its post‐grafting generations. Therefore, intercropping with S. photeinocarpum and its post‐grafting generations can be used to reduce Cd accumulation in cherry for fruit production safety.

The Advantages of Combining Drip Irrigation with Growth-Stimulating Fertilizing When Growing Annual Cherry Seedlings

The Advantages of Combining Drip Irrigation with Growth-Stimulating Fertilizing When Growing Annual Cherry Seedlings

Obtaining cherry seedlings of the Ashinskaya variety by green cutting

The article discusses the features of growing cherry seedlings of the Ashinskaya variety by the method of green cuttings in the conditions of the Chelyabinsk region. The objective of the research was to study the effect of the length of green cuttings on the yield of marketable seedlings. The technology of green cuttings was carried out in the period 2015-2018 under controlled conditions in a polycarbonate greenhouse. It was found that when using green cuttings 20, 30 and 40 cm long, the rooting rate of cherries increases by 12.1-27.3%, the diameter of the conditional root collar of seedlings increases by 14.8-44.4%, and the yield of marketable seedlings increases by 1.50-4.68 times compared with control (15 cm). It has been proven that the optimal length of cuttings when propagating cherry varieties Ashinskaya using the green cuttings method is 40 cm. This option allows you to get from 71.3 to 81.7 pieces of standard seedlings from one square meter of protected ground in one season.

Upregulation of defense-related gene expressions associated with lethal growth failure in the hybrid seedlings of Japanese flowering cherry

Upregulation of defense-related gene expressions associated with lethal growth failure in the hybrid seedlings of Japanese flowering cherry

Effect of soil moisture content on survival, growth, and physiological characteristics of wild cherry (Prunus avium L.) seedlings

Effect of soil moisture content on survival, growth, and physiological characteristics of wild cherry (Prunus avium L.) seedlings

Assessment of the phenotypic diversity of wild cherry (Prunus avium L.) populations and halfsib lines by multivariate statistical analyses

Abstract Wild cherry (Prunus avium L.) is a multi-purpose tree species with great ecological and economic importance for European forestry. Evaluating this species phenotypic diversity and quantitative traits characterization is of great importance to define its genetic resources conservation and breeding strategies. In this work, variations of physiological, biochemical, anatomical and morphological traits of one-year-old wild cherry seedlings were evaluated within and among populations to distinguish and characterize their phenotypic portfolio. We observed significant differences at the intra- and inter-population levels considering both biochemical and physiological leaf traits, whereas differences in morphological and anatomical traits were found to be significant only among half-sib lines within populations (i.e. intra-population level). With a multivariate approach, we explored the inter-population specificity and found out that the tiered approach spanning from organ morphology, across physiological scale, to the biochemical level gave out enough power to discriminate between different populations, and their acquisition and resource-use strategies. Moreover, stepwise discriminative analysis showed that radical scavenger capacity against 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline- 6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS•+) and water-use efficiency contributed to discrimination of studied populations to the largest extend. Lastly, our study highlights the robustness of certain functional traits, such as ABTS•+, water-use efficiency, net photosynthesis, total flavonoid content, width of stomata guard cell, and stomatal aperture length, which could be considered as a proxy to discriminate between wild cherry populations and assess phenotypic diversity.

Genetic differentiation in functional traits among wild cherry (Prunus avium L.) half-sib lines

Understanding intra-specific variation in leaf functional traits is one of the key requirements for the evaluation of species adaptive capacity to ongoing climate change, as well as for designing long-term breeding and conservation strategies. Hence, data of 19 functional traits describing plant physiology, antioxidant properties, anatomy and morphology were determined on 1-year-old seedlings of wild cherry (Prunus avium L.) half-sib lines. The variability within and among half-sib lines, as well as the estimation of multi-trait association, were examined using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's honestly significant difference test and multivariate analyses: principal component analysis (PCA), canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) and stepwise discriminant analysis (SDA). Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to evaluate linear correlation between the study parameters. The results of the ANOVA showed the presence of statistically significant differences (P < 0.01) among half-sib lines for all study traits. The differences within half-sib lines, observed through the contribution of the examined sources of variation to the total variance (%), had higher impact on total variation in the majority of the examined traits. Pearson’s correlation analysis and PCA showed strong relationships between gas exchange in plants and leaf size and stomatal density, as well as between leaf biomass accumulation, intercellular CO2 concentration and parameters related to antioxidant capacity of plants. Likewise, the results of SDA indicate that transpiration and stomatal conductance contributed to the largest extent, to the discrimination of the wild cherry half-sib lines. In addition, PCA and CDA showed separation of the wild cherry half-sib lines along the first principal component and first canonical variable with regards to humidity of their original sites. Multiple adaptive differences between the wild cherry half-sib lines indicate high potential of the species to adapt rapidly to climate change. The existence of substantial genetic variability among the wild cherry half-sib lines highlights their potential as genetic resources for reforestation purposes and breeding programmes.

The study of parent-regeneration relationships for wild cherry (Prunus avium L.) in Hyrcanian forests

The regeneration of forest trees is affected by the presence, dispersion pattern and specifications of parent trees. These effects were investigated and modelled in hardwood forests in the north of Iran. To do so, at first, fifty plots, each with a total area of 0.1 ha, were identified. Four subplots with a radius of two meters were then stabilized in each plot. The height and the root collar diameter of all the cherry seedlings were measured. Likewise, the diameter, basal area, and distance from the plot centre were appraised in the parent trees. The correlation and regression analyses were performed to evaluate the effects and to construct the models, respectively. The results showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between the presence, abundance, mean diameter, and total basal area of parent trees and the presence and abundance of seedlings. The logistic regression showed that the models based on the mean diameter of parent trees and abundance of parent trees could significantly predict the presence of regeneration. Only in 10% of the sample plots was the regeneration recorded without the presence of a parent tree. Due to the small number of established seedlings, while maintaining the existing parent trees, especially large trees, it is necessary to consider the proper management methods to promote and protect their regeneration. We recommend completing the natural regeneration of wild cherry by artificial regeneration and creating well-dimensioned canopy gaps.

Pseudomonas cerasi, the new wild cherry pathogen in Serbia and the potential use of recG helicase in bacterial identification

AbstractIn May 2016, an unusual appearance of leaf spot (water‐soaked, brown‐purple, round to angular surrounded with yellow halos) was observed on the leaves of wild cherry specimens grown in Rimski Šančevi, Vojvodina (North Serbia). The causal pathogen was isolated from the wild cherry diseased leaves on Nutrient Agar supplemented with 5% sucrose and identified as Pseudomonas cerasi based on multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA). PCR amplification and sequencing of four housekeeping genes—gapA, gltA, rpoD and gyrB—showed 100% (gapA, gltA), 99.81% (rpoD) and 99.67% (gyrB) identity with P. cerasi type strain CFBP8305T (=58T = LMG28609T) and strain PL963 sequences from NCBI database. Pseudomonas cerasi isolates (coded as RE10‐RE19) were LOPAT +− − − + (Pseudomonas Group Ia) and GATTa + − + −, produced fluorescent pigment, were able to utilise lactic and aspartic acid, but not tartaric acid. All isolates were pathogenic on wild cherry seedlings and leaves, immature sweet and sour cherry fruitlets, as well as on lilac leaves and green bean pods. This study also aimed to design new primers (recG‐F/recG‐R) for amplification of recG gene (encoding ATP‐dependent DNA helicase RecG) known for its crucial role in DNA recombination and repair. Amplification of this gene enabled high identification ability of our wild cherry isolates as well as isolates belonging to the closely related stone fruit pathogenic Pseudomonas species. The obtained results highlight the potential of using recG gene for the specific detection and the identification of pathogenic Pseudomonas syringae complex. This research presents the first report of P. cerasi infecting wild cherry as well as first description of this bacterium in Serbia. Obtained results indicate the risk from further spread of this bacterium with the infected cherries rootstock, having a key role in its epidemiology.

Transcriptome analysis for understanding the mechanism of dark septate endophyte S16 in promoting the growth and nitrate uptake of sweet cherry

Sweet cherry is one of the most popular fresh fruits in the world. Previously, we isolated a soilborne dark septate endophyte (DSE) strain, S16, which promoted the growth of Gisela 5 sweet cherry rootstock. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism of the effect of S16 on the growth of sweet cherry. In this study, the physiological parameters and transcript profiles of sweet cherry roots were analyzed under S16 treatment compared with a control to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the effect of this strain on sweet cherry growth. After inoculation with S16, sweet cherry seedlings exhibited more vigorous growth. Moreover, we identified 4249 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between S16-treated plants and the control. Many of the DEGs are involved in pathways related to plant growth, such as cellular metabolic and plant hormone pathways. Additionally, some genes involved in nitrate regulation were also enriched; and these genes may be involved in the regulation of nitrate uptake in plants. Physiological index detection demonstrated that S16 could improve the nitrate assimilation of sweet cherry via NO3− transporters. This RNA-seq dataset provides comprehensive insight into the transcriptomic landscape to reveal the molecular mechanisms whereby the DSE influences the growth of sweet cherry.