Seed Reserve Utilization Efficiency Research Articles

Response of seed reserve utilization and its associated traits in rice genotypes

An experiment on seed reserve utilization using seven rice genotypes was conducted at the Department of Seed Science and Technology, PJTSAU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad in Factorial Completely Randomised Design with three replications during the year 2021. Seed reserve utilization and its associated traits viz., the weight of utilized seed reserve (WUSR), seedling dry weight (SLDW), remnant seed dry weight (RSDW), seed reserve utilization efficiency (SRUE), and seed reserve depletion percentage (SRDP) varied significantly among the genotypes, days to emergence and their interaction. While initial seed dry weight (ISDW) showed significance among genotypes only. About, the interaction between genotypes and days to emergence, significantly high ISDW (23.93 mg/seed), RSDW (530 mg) and SRUE (29.8) and significantly low WUSR (2.10 mg/seed) and SRDP (8.97 %) were recorded in AUS 276 on 6th day, while significantly high WUSR and SLDW were recorded in Dular (11.76 mg/seed) and Moroberekan (206.33 mg) on 14th day, respectively. Significantly low ISDW (9.30 mg/seed) and SLDW (49.67 mg) on the 6th day, significantly low RSDW (78.33 mg) and SRUE (14.8), and significantly high SRDP (66.63 %) on the 14th day was recorded in RNR 15048. The results explain that WUSR, SLDW, and SRDP increased significantly from the 6th day to 14th day for all the genotypes indicating the depletion of seed reserves for the growth and development of seedlings, and among the characters studied, WUSR is the most important for conversion into seedling tissue than seed reserve utilization efficiency.

Cold plasma treatment improves seed germination and accelerates the establishment of centipedegrass

AbstractCold plasma seed treatment has the potential for improving seed germination and seedling growth. However, the effects of cold plasma on seed germination and plant growth of perennial plants are unknown. Centipedegrass [Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro) Hack.] was used to study the effect of cold plasma on seed germination, plant growth, and plant physiological mechanisms. Seeds were treated with different doses (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, and 210 W) of cold plasma. After cold plasma treatment, germination and biophysical characteristics of seeds, turf quality parameters, and physiological responses were investigated. Results showed that 120 W of cold plasma treatment significantly improved germination and turf quality of centipedegrass, and germination rate, germination speed, and uniformity of emergence were improved. Adventitious root numbers and dry weights of shoots and roots of seedlings increased. In addition, water uptake increased because of the increased conductivity and decreased apparent contact angle. Seed reserve utilization parameters, including α‐amylase and protease activities, soluble sugar and protein contents, and seed reserve utilization efficiency, all increased. Mean percentage of turfgrass coverage, stem diameter, leaf thickness, and dry weights of shoots and roots increased. Chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, root activity, and microelements contents also increased. Overall, cold plasma treatment improved the seed germination and turf quality by increasing the water uptake of seeds, seed reserve utilization, photosynthetic efficiency, and nutrient uptake capacity.

Mining of favorable alleles for seed reserve utilization efficiency in Oryza sativa by means of association mapping

BackgroundWet direct-seeded rice is a possible alternative to conventional puddled transplanted rice; the former uses less water and reduces labor requirements. Improving seed reserve utilization efficiency (SRUE) is a key factor in facilitating the application of this technology. However, the QTLs controlling this trait are poorly investigated. In this study, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted using a natural population composed of 542 accessions of rice (Oryza sativa L.) which were genotyped using 266 SSR markers. Large phenotypic variations in SRUE were found in the studied population.ResultsThe average SRUE over 542 accessions across two years (2016 and 2017) was 0.52 mg.mg− 1, ranging from 0.22 mg.mg-1 to 0.93 mg.mg− 1, with a coefficient of variation of 22.66%. Overall, 2879 marker alleles were detected in the population by 266 pairs of SSR markers, indicating a large genetic variation existing in the population. Using general linear model method, 13 SSR marker loci associated with SRUE were detected and two (RM7309 and RM434) of the 13 loci, were also detected using mixed linear model analyses, with percentage of phenotypic variation explained (PVE) greater than 5% across two years. The 13 association loci (P < 0.01) were located on all chromosomes except chromosome 11, with PVE ranging from 5.05% (RM5158 on chromosome 5) to 12% (RM297 on chromosome 1). Association loci RM7309 on chromosome 6 and RM434 on chromosome 9 revealed by both models were detected in both years. Twenty-three favorable alleles were identified with phenotypic effect values (PEV) ranging from 0.10 mg.mg− 1 (RM7309–135 bp on chromosome 9) to 0.45 mg.mg− 1 (RM297–180 bp on chromosome 2). RM297–180 bp showed the largest phenotypic effect value (0.44 mg.mg− 1 in 2016 and 0.45 mg.mg− 1 in 2017) with 6.72% of the accessions carrying this allele and the typical carrier accession was Manyedao, followed by RM297–175 bp (0.43 mg.mg− 1 in 2016 and 0.44 mg.mg− 1 in 2017).ConclusionNine novel association loci for SRUE were identified, compared with previous studies. The optimal parental combinations for pyramiding more favorable alleles for SRUE were selected and could be used for breeding rice accessions suitable for wet direct seeding in the future.

The relationships between fatty acids and heterotrophic seedling growth in winter canola cultivars during accelerated seed aging process

Oil content and fatty acid composition are important traits for assessing and modeling germination in oilseeds. On the other hand, seed germination and seedling growth are affected by the weight of mobilized seed reserves and the conversion efficiency of mobilized seed reserve to seedlings tissues. In order to examine seeds physiological aspects and heterotrophic seedlings growth of 12 winter canola cultivars (Fornax, Karaj 1, Karaj 2, Karaj 3, L73, L201, Licord, Modena, Okapi, Opera, SLM046, and Zarfam) as related to seed reserves, series of laboratory experiments were conducted in Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. At the first and the second stages (before and after the performing accelerated aging test), significant differences were found among cultivars in terms of oil percentage. From the results, N, P and crude protein contents in seeds were decreased due to accelerated aging. Moreover, a positive correlation was found between electrical conductivity (EC) of seed soaking solution and mean germination time (MGT). By contrast, the correlation between weight of mobilized seed reserve (WMSR) and seed reserve utilization efficiency (SRUE) with MGT were significantly negative. Accelerated aging in canola seeds increased saturated fatty acids percentage and reduced unsaturated fatty acids percentage. There was a positive and significant relationship between oleic acid and SRUE. By contrast, the relationship between linolenic or linoleic acid and SRUE was found to be negative. According to the results, it seems that seed vigor and heterotrophic seedlings growth in canola highly depends on fatty acids composition.

Effects of Na2CO3 on seed germination, seed reserve utilizationand seedling growth in bitter vetch (Vicia ervilia L.)

Alkalinity is one of the main limiting factors of seed germination in alkaline soils. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Na2CO3 levels (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 mM) on seed germination, seed reserve utilization and seedling vigour of three local bitter vetch cultivars (Buinzahra, Shahreza and Tarom). The results indicated that increasing Na2CO3 concentrations caused a decrease in germination percentage (GP), germination rate (GR), seedling length, seedling dry weight (SLDW) and seed reserve utilization efficiency (SRUE). The rate of reduction in shoot length in comparison with the control in different concentrations of Na2CO3 was detected from Buinzahra as 30-92%, Shahreza 39-97% and Tarom 13-83%. Decrease in root length was more than shoot length in all the cultivars at each Na2CO3 level, as compared to the control. The weight of mobilized seed reserve (WMSR) and seed reserve depletion percentage (SRDP) decreased with increasing Na2CO3 levels up to 10 mM in Buinzahra and Tarom cultivars and up to 15 mM in Shahreza. WMSR and SRDP then rapidly raised with higher alkalinity levels. These results suggest that reduction of seed germination and decline in seedling dry weight in response to alkalinity stress is a consequence of decline in seed reserve utilization efficiency.

Dynamic QTL analysis of seed reserve utilization in sh2 sweet corn germination stages

In this study, dynamic quantitative trait loci (QTL) were mapped in a recombinant inbred line (F2:4) population derived from a BF3109 x Q267 cross. This was done during the unconditional (4, 7, and 10 days) and conditional (0 to 4, 4 to 7, and 7 to 10 days) germination stages in sh2 sweet corn. The values of seedling dry weight, weight of mobilized seed reserve (WMSR), seed reserve depletion percentage (SRDP), seed reserve utilization efficiency (SRUE), and their heritability differed across the investigated stages. The heritabilities of these traits were lower at 7D/4D and 10D/7D compared with those at the 4- (4D/0D), 7- and 10-day (D) developmental stages. WMSR and SRDP were significantly negatively correlated with SRUE at the early stage. The unconditional QTL mapping can explain the accumulation of genetic effects of seed reserve utilization from the starting time, whereas the conditional QTL mapping can reveal genetic expression in the time intervals. Fifteen and fourteen additive QTLs were identified by the unconditional and conditional mapping, respectively. The number of additive QTLs and their effect values varied among the different stages. More additive QTLs were found at the later stage (7 to 10 days), based on the conditional mapping results. The identification of QTL mapping based on a combination of time-dependent measurements is important for a better understanding of the genetic bases of seed reserve utilization. It is also important for the improvement of relevant variety traits for subsequent sweet corn-breeding studies using marker-assisted selection.

Physiological characteristics of seed reserve utilization during the early seedling growth in rice

Seed reserve utilization is an important characteristic of seed quality. In this study, the rice varieties Jiucaiqing (Oryza sativa ssp. japonica) and IR26 (Oryza sativa ssp. indica) and their recombinant inbred lines were used to determine the physiological and genetic control of seed reserve utilization during the early seedling growth. Seedling dry weight and weight of mobilized seed reserve increased with seed germination, while seed reserve utilization efficiency decreased after the first rise. The early seedling growth is firstly determined by the mobilization of storage reserve followed by the conversion efficiency of utilized seed reserve into seedling tissues. The major soluble sugars in grains were fructose and glucose, while fructose in shoots and roots. Glucose content in grains and fructose in shoots and roots slightly decreased after the first rise with seed germination, while fructose content in grains increased and sucrose content in grains, shoots, and roots changed slightly. Seed reserve utilization was significantly and positively correlated with sugar contents. Amylase activity significantly associated with seed reserve utilization increased with seed germination, while there was a slight change in sucrose synthase activity. Each of the three α-amylase (OsAmy3B, OsAmy3C, and OsAmy3E) and sucrose synthase (OsSus2, OsSus3, and OsSus4) genes might be involved in seed reserve utilization. Two and seven quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified for amylase and sucrose synthase activity, respectively, in which four were novel QTLs. The identified amylase and sucrose synthase genes/QTLs might be applicable to improve seed reserve utilization during the early seedling growth in rice by the transgenic and marker-assisted selection approaches.

Effects of phosphorus and seed priming on seed vigor, fatty acids composition and heterotrophic seedling growth of black seed (Nigella sativa L.) grown in a calcareous soil

In order to investigate the effects of increasing soluble phosphorus (P) on seed vigor, fatty acids composition and heterotrophic seedling growth of black seed (Nigella sativa L.) in a calcareous soil, a two-year field experiment was conducted at Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran, in 2013 and 2014. The fertilizer resources (vermicimpost (V)+Tiobacilus thiooxidans (T), Sulfur (S)+T, V+S+T and control) and three levels of P (0, 30 and 60kgha−1) were the first and second experimental factors, respectively. In the second experiment, selection treatments (which showed emergence below 60% in the previous experiment) and seed priming (no-priming, water-priming and three levels of P-priming of 100, 300 and 500mM KH2Po4) were the first and second experimental treatments, respectively. The resources of soil amendment (V+T, S+T and V+S+T) significantly decreased the P concentration in seed coat and mean germination time. However, 1000 seed weight, seed vigor, P concentration in embryo and intact seed were significantly increased. The soluble P had significant decreasing effects on linolenic acid. There was the highest significant relationship between linolenic acid and seed vigor (R2=0.74**). In addition, seed reserve depletion percentage, seed reserve utilization efficiency and emergence percentage significantly increased by P-priming treatments. There was a positive correlation between weight of mobilized seed P and emergence percentage of black seeds (R2=0.90**).

Variation of wheat cultivars in their relationship between seed reserve utilization and leaf temperature under elevated temperature

An investigation on physiological changes was carried out in three wheat genotypes (BARI Gom 25, BARI Gom 26, and Pavon 76) through seed reserve utilization efficiency (SRUE) and leaf cooling under normal (15 / 25°C) and elevated (25 / 35°C) temperatures in the growth chamber. At high temperature, Pavon 76 required more days to initiate the fully autotrophic stage. After germination, seedling and remnant seed dry weight was the same at day 5 in BARI Gom 26 and day 6 in BARI Gom 25 and Pavon 76. At high temperature, maximum translocation efficiency and seed reserve utilization efficiency (SRUE) were observed in BARI Gom 26 and at a minimum value in Pavon 76. High leaf cooling was recorded in BARI Gom 26. At high temperature, due to high leaf temperature and low transpiration rate of Pavon 76, maximum reduction of seedling growth was recorded in Pavon 76 (17%) as compared to minimum in BARI Gom 26 (5%). It appeared from the result that at high temperature the better seed reserved utilization efficiency and subsequently larger leaf cooling collectively contributed a positive role for seedling development in BARI Gom 25 and BARI Gom 26. The relationship of seed reserve utilization efficiency and leaf temperature were prominent in the case of Pavon 76 (r = -0.768) compared to other genotypes. This relationship indicated that Pavon 76 was the most sensitive genotype and BARI Gom 25 and BARI Gom 26 was the tolerant genotype to heat stress in respect to seed reserve utilization efficiency during seed reserve dependent phase and leaf temperature of photosynthetic-dependent phase.

The Effect Halo-And Hydro-Priming on Seed Reserve Utilization and Seed Germination of Wheat Seeds Under Salinity Stress

Abstract Seed germination and seedling growth are critical stages in the life cycle of a plant, especially under adverse abiotic stresses. Seed germination negatively affected by stress conditions. Seed priming techniques have been used to increase germination characteristics and improve germination uniformity in more field crops under stressed conditions. This experimental aimed to evaluate the effect of salinity and halo-priming on seed reserve utilization and seed germination of wheat seeds. For create salinity stress, NaCl in osmotic levels at 0 (as control), -4, -8, - 12 and -16 bar was used. Seeds of were pretreated with halo-priming at 10 °C for 24 h and water at 10 °C for 24 h. Our results showed that treatment×drought interaction on these traits: germination percentage, weight of utilized (mobilized) seed, seed reserve utilization efficiency, seedling dry weight and seed reserve depletion percentage were significant. The highest germination percentage was obtained from halo priming in control conditions. Thus priming improved study traits in wheat under salinity stress. Priming increased germination percentage and seed reserve utilization as compared to the unprimed seeds. The highest germination percentage and seed reserve utilization were as obtained from halo priming in control conditions.

Effects of cold plasma treatment on seed germination and seedling growth of soybean.

Effects of cold plasma treatment on soybean (Glycine max L. Merr cv. Zhongdou 40) seed germination and seedling growth were studied. Seeds were pre-treated with 0, 60, 80, 100 and 120 W of cold plasma for 15 s. Results showed that plasma treatments had positive effects on seed germination and seedling growth, and treatment of 80 W had the highest stimulatory effect. Germination and vigor indices significantly increased by 14.66% and 63.33%, respectively. Seed's water uptake improved by 14.03%, and apparent contact angle decreased by 26.19%. Characteristics of seedling growth, including shoot length, shoot dry weight, root length and root dry weight, significantly increased by 13.77%, 21.95%, 21.42% and 27.51%, respectively, compared with control. The seed reserve utilization, including weight of the mobilized seed reserve, seed reserve depletion percentage and seed reserve utilization efficiency significantly improved by cold plasma treatment. In addition, soluble sugar and protein contents were 16.51% and 25.08% higher than those of the control. Compared to a 21.95% increase in shoot weight, the root weight increased by 27.51% after treatment, indicating that plasma treatment had a greater stimulatory effect on plant roots. These results indicated that cold plasma treatment might promote the growth even yield of soybean.

The Effect of Halo- and Hydro-Priming on Germination Characteristics of Millet Seeds Under Salinity Stress

Abstract Low seed germination and seedling emergence is one of the main problems in saline areas. Seed priming technique has been known as a challenge to improve germination and seedling emergence under different environmental stresses. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of seed priming with NaCl and water on growth and seed reserve utilization of millet seeds under salinity stress. Treatments were combinations of four levels of salinity stress (0, ⊟4, ⊟8 and ⊟12 bar) and three levels of seed priming and control with three replicates. Results showed that with increase in salinity stress, germination components such as germination percentage, germination index, mean time to germination, normal seedling percentage, seedling length, seedling dry weight of utilized (mobilized) seed and seed reserve utilization efficiency decreased, but seed priming showed lower reduction. The highest germination characteristics and seed reserve utilization was obtained by halo-priming in control conditions. It is concluded that priming results in improvement in germination components of millet in salinity stress conditions.

The Effects of Salinity Stress on Seed Reserve Utilization and Germination Percentage of Treated Seeds of Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.)

ABSTRACT In order to investigate salinity stress on seed reserve utilization and seedling growth of treated seeds of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), an experiment was carried out. Factorial experiment was carried out in completely randomized design with three replicates. To create salinity stress, NaCl in osmotic levels at 0 (as control), -4, -8, -12 and -16 bar were used. For seed priming, gibberellin (GA) 50 ppm was used. Our results showed that treatment × drought interaction on these traits: germination percentage, weight of utilized (mobilized) seed, seed reserve utilization efficiency, seedling dry weight and seed reserve depletion percentage were significant. The highest germination percentage, weight of utilized (mobilized) seed, seed reserve utilization efficiency, seedling dry weight and seed reserve depletion percentage were attained from priming by gibberellin at control conditions. Thus, priming increased characteristics as compared to the unprimed. Priming improved seed reserve utilization such as: weight of utilized (mobilized) seed reserve, seed reserve depletion percentage, seed reserve utilization efficiency and seedling growth in barley under salinity stress.

Dynamic Quantitative Trait Loci Analysis of Seed Reserve Utilization during Three Germination Stages in Rice

In this study, one rice population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was used to determine the genetic characteristics of seed reserve utilization during the early (day 6), middle (day 10) and late (day 14) germination stages. The seedling dry weight (SDW) and weight of the mobilized seed reserve (WMSR) were increased, while the seed reserve utilization efficiency (SRUE) decreased, during the process of seed germination. The SDW and WMSR were affected by the seed weight, while the SRUE was not affected by the seed weight. A total of twenty unconditional and twenty-one conditional additive QTLs and eight epistatic QTLs were identified at three germination stages, and the more QTLs were expressed at the late germination stage. Among them, twelve additive and three epistatic QTLs for SDW, eight additive and three epistatic QTLs for WMSR and thirteen additive and two epistatic QTLs for SRUE were identified, respectively. The phenotypic variation explained by each additive QTL, epistatic QTL and QTL × development interaction ranged from 6.10 to 23.91%, 1.79 to 6.88% and 0.22 to 2.86%, respectively. Two major additive QTLs qWMSR7.1 and qSRUE4.3 were identified, and each QTL could explain more than 20% of the total phenotypic variance. By comparing the chromosomal positions of these additive QTLs with those previously identified, eleven QTLs might represent novel genes. The best four cross combinations of each trait for the development of RIL populations were selected. The selected RILs and the identified QTLs might be applicable to improve rice seed reserve utilization by the marker-assisted selection approach.

Evaluation of the physiological quality of wheat seed as influenced by high parent plant growth temperature

To examine the effect of high temperature during seed development and maturation on seed quality of wheat, seeds of four heattolerant and two heat-sensitive wheat genotypes obtained normal and high temperature growing conditions were tested for quality. High parent plant growth temperature during seed development and maturation resulted in poor seed quality. The effect of parent plant growth temperature on seed germination and speed of germination was inconsistent between heat tolerant and heat-sensitive wheat genotypes. Seed vigor as indicated by seed density, conductivity of seed leachates, seedling dry weight, production of normal seedlings, seed reserve utilization efficiency, and seedling emergence were reduced in all wheat genotypes due to higher parent plant growth temperature but heat-sensitive wheat genotypes were affected more than the heat-tolerant genotypes.

SALINITY AND TRINEXAPAC-ETHYL EFFECTS ON SEED RESERVE UTILIZATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF TWO LOLIUM PERENNE CULTIVARS

Plant growth regulators are frequently applied for warm-season turf just before over-seeding to increase the turf performance, and its competitive ability. In situation that the turfs are irrigated with saline water, the time of TE application on turf is critical. Seeds of two perennial ryegrass cultivars were adjusted to different salinity levels (0, 2000, 4000 and 6000 ㎎?L -1 NaCl) and TE (0, 50 and 100 g?㏊ -1 ) levels which individually performed in agar and soil to detect their effects on germination and initial growth. Seed germination percentage, germination rate, weight of mobilized seed reserve and seed reserve depletion percentage were significantly affected by TE, and salinity with an exception of seed reserve utilization efficiency in the first experiment. TE inhibited germination percentage more severely in higher concentration. The results showed that TE had no significant effect on chlorophyll concentration, height, electrolyte leakage, root length, the fresh and dry weight of seedling, but salinity significantly decreased all of them. It postulated that TE application before over-seeding had deleterious effects on over-seeded grass germination; however, because it had no effects on initial growth of turf, it can be used in this stage.

Evaluation of the Sensitive Components in Seedling Growth of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Affected by Salinity

Salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses in many parts of the world. Salinity reduces growth by disturbing the physiological processes. Growth of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is sensitive to salinity. Only seedlings that have sufficient weight and hence sufficient strength for growth can withstand the effects of salinity. Sufficient strength is affected by transmitted materials from seed and the efficiency of this transmission. In order to identify which component of the bean's seedlings is sensitive to the salinity, an experiment was conducted. The experiment tested for the effect of five levels of salinity on six genotypes of common beans. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with four replications per treatment. Results showed that decreasing the seedling dry weight and seed reserve utilization efficiency, with increasing NaCl amount. Low levels of salinity up to 33 mM produced an increasing in seedling dry weight. The route of the changes in the weight of mobilized seed reserve and the seed reserve depletion percentage were in reverse with the seedling dry weight. These results clarity showed that seed reserve utilization efficiency is the main component (trait) for toleration of salinity. Therefore, breeding programs should be focused on the sensitive component, i.e., SRUE and the breeding of this component results in the breeding of SLDW in common bean.

Seed Reserve Utilization and Seedling Growth of Treated Seeds of Mountain Rye (Secale Montanum) as Affected by Drought Stress

Seed Reserve Utilization and Seedling Growth of Treated Seeds of Mountain Rye (Secale Montanum) as Affected by Drought StressThe environmental stress such as, drought are serious obstacles for field crops in further areas of the world, especially in arid and semiarid regions. In order to investigate drought stress on seed reserve utilization and seedling growth of treated seeds of mountain rye (Secale montanum), an experiment was carried out. Factorial experiment was carried out in completely randomized design with three replications. The first factor was the seed treatments (unpriming, hydropriming and osmopriming) and the second factor was drought stress. To create drought stress, polyetylenglycol 6000 (PEG 6000) in osmotic levels at 0 (as control), -0.4, -0.8, - 1.2 and -1.6 MPa were used. The results indicated that for these traits: germination percentage (GP), timson index (TI), energy of germination (EG), weight of utilized (mobilized) seed (WMSR), seed reserve utilization efficiency (SRUE), seedling dry weight (SLDW), and seed reserve depletion percentage (SRDP), was a significant treatment x drought interaction. Thus hydropriming and osmopriming improvement study traits inSecale montanumunder drought stress. While in higher osmotic pressure the highest seed reserve utilization were obtained from osmopriming.