Seed Oil Fatty Acid Profiles Research Articles

Foliar Application of Melatonin Improves the Salt Tolerance, Ion and Redox Homeostasis and Seed Oil Fatty Acid Profile in Camelina sativa.

Salinity affects the yield and quality of oilseed crops. The effects of a single foliar application of solutions with different concentrations (0, 30, 60 or 90 µM) of melatonin (MEL) to camelina (Camelina sativa) plants grown in soil in a greenhouse and irrigated at four salinity levels (0.5, 4, 8 and 16 dS m-1) were assessed. Increasing salinity decreased leaf chlorophyll and photosynthetic rates, decreased K concentrations and increased Na concentrations in roots and shoots, and increased oxidative marker levels and the activity of protective antioxidant enzymes in leaves. Under severe salinity stress, the MEL90 treatment resulted in increases in chlorophyll, gas exchange attributes, leaf antioxidant enzyme activities, and decreases in leaf oxidative markers and Na. Salinity decreased seed yield, with no seeds being produced at salinities above 8 dS m-1. The MEL90 treatment resulted in increases in seed yield and poly- and mono-unsaturated fatty acid contents and decreases in saturated fatty acid contents. The MEL90 treatment was more effective in alleviating salinity effects than those including lower MEL concentrations. The highest concentrations of K and K/Na ratios were observed with the MEL90 treatment under non-stressed conditions. Data suggest that MEL foliar applications could increase salinity stress tolerance in camelina.

Optimization of fatty acid profile and synthesis of biodiesel from mixing Salvodara persica and Leucas aspera seed oils: Critical analysis of fuel properties

The alternative and renewable sources of energy are very much essential to reduce the dependency on fossil fuels and also to control the environmental pollution. One of the important renewable sources which replace the fossil based fuels is biodiesel. The biodiesel is highly influenced by fatty acid composition. Hence, in the present work Salvodara persica nonedible seed oil (38% oil content) which is rich in saturated fatty acids (79.16%) is mixed with Leucas aspera nonedible seed oil (22.50% oil content), which is rich in unsaturated fatty acids (90.72%) in equal proportion (1:1). The mixed seed oil fatty acid profile is analyzed by GC-FID which shows that, it is exactly half of the fatty acid profile of individual seed oils (saturation 45.26% and unsaturation 54.74%). Bio-mixed oil is transesterified and the biodiesel produced is characterized for its fuel properties. The fuel properties of biodiesel produced from mixed seed oils is compared with biodiesel from individual seed oils, already existing biodiesels and biodiesel standards. It reveals that better quality biodiesel is produced by mixing seed oil strategy. Even the emission analysis shows that the emissions are reduced except NOx. This work reveals that it is one of the important criterions to improve the biodiesel quality by mixed seed oil strategy.

Naturally occurring high oleic acid cottonseed oil: identification and functional analysis of a mutant allele of Gossypium barbadense fatty acid desaturase-2.

Some naturally occurring cotton accessions contain commercially attractive seed oil fatty acid profiles. The likely causal factor for a high-oleate trait in pima cotton ( Gossypium barbadense ) accession GB-713 is described here. Vegetable oils are broadly used in the manufacture of many human and animal nutritional products, and in various industrial applications. Along with other well-known edible plant oils from soybean, corn, and canola, cottonseed oil is a valuable commodity. Cottonseed oil is a co-product derived from the processing of cottonseed fiber. In the past, it was used extensively in a variety of food applications. However, cottonseed oil has lost market share in recent years due to less than optimal ratios of the constituent fatty acids found in either traditional or partially hydrogenated oil. Increased awareness of the negative health consequences of dietary trans-fats, along with the public wariness associated with genetically modified organisms has created high demand for naturally occurring oil with high monounsaturate/polyunsaturate ratios. Here, we report the discovery of multiple exotic accessions of pima cotton that contain elevated seed oil oleate content. The genome of one such accession was sequenced, and a mutant candidate fatty acid desaturase-2 (FAD2-1D) gene was identified. The mutant protein produced significantly less linoleic acid in infiltrated Arabidopsis leaf assays, compared to a repaired version of the same enzyme. Identification of this gene provides a valuable resource. Development of markers associated with this mutant locus will be very useful in efforts to breed the high-oleate trait into agronomic fiber accessions of upland cotton.

Identification of the molecular genetic basis of the low palmitic acid seed oil trait in soybean mutant line RG3 and association analysis of molecular markers with elevated seed stearic acid and reduced seed palmitic acid

The fatty acid composition of vegetable oil is becoming increasingly critical for its ultimate functionality and utilization in foods and industrial products. Partial chemical hydrogenation of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oil increases oxidative stability and shelf life but also results in the introduction of trans fats as an unavoidable byproduct. Due to mandatory labeling of consumer products containing trans fats, conventional soybean oil has lost the ability to deliver the most appropriate economical functionality and oxidative stability, particularly for baking applications. Genetic improvement of the fatty acid profile of soybean oil is one method of meeting these new requirements for oil feedstocks. In this report, we characterized three mutant genetic loci controlling the saturated fatty acid content of soybean oil: two genes additively reduce palmitic acid content (fap1 and fap3-ug), and one gene independently elevates stearic acid content (fas). We identified a new null allele of fap3-ug/GmFATB1A (derived from line ELLP2) present in line RG3. The splicing defect mutation in a beta-ketoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase III candidate gene located in the region mapped to fap1, derived originally from ethyl methane sulphonate mutant line C1726 (Cardinal et al. in Theor Appl Genet 127:97–111, 2014), was also present in line RG3. We also utilized the elevated stearic acid line RG7, which has previously been shown to contain novel mutant fas/SACPD-C alleles encoding stearoyl-acyl carrier protein desaturase (Boersma et al. in Crop Sci 52:1736–1742, 2012). Molecular marker assays have been developed to track these causative mutations and understand their contributions to seed oil fatty acid profiles in a recombinant inbred line population segregating for fap1, fap3-ug, and fas alleles.

Analysis of pomegranate seed oil for the presence of jacaric acid

AbstractBACKGROUND: Pomegranate seed oil is predominantly composed of triglycerides containing unsaturated fatty acids, including high levels of conjugated linolenic acids (CLnAs). The major CLnA component, punicic acid, is known to possess biological activity. Consequently, it is desirable to obtain a detailed characterisation of pomegranate seed oil fatty acid profiles, including molecules potentially co‐eluting with punicic acid, such as jacaric acid.RESULTS: Conjugated fatty acid profiles of a commercial sample of cold pressed pomegranate seed oil were characterised in detail by both gas chromatography of methyl esters and by 13C NMR spectroscopy. The methylation procedures were found to be critical for determination of accurate fatty acid profiles. GC analysis was unable to resolve jacaric acid from punicic acid, the major fatty acid present in pomegranate seed oil. To establish the presence or absence of jacaric acid, 13C NMR was employed.CONCLUSION: This is the first study to investigate pomegranate seed oil for the presence of jacaric acid. Punicic acid, eleostearic acid, and catalpic acid were confirmed by 13C NMR, but jacaric acid was not found. Thus, we have shown that punicic acid levels may be accurately measured by gas chromatography alone in pomegranate seed oil. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry

Improvement in hydroxy fatty acid seed oil content and other traits from interspecific hybrids of three Lesquerella species: Lesquerella fendleri, L. pallida, and L. lindheimeri

Interspecific hybridization offers potential to improve the hydroxy fatty acid (HFA) content of lesquerella. Lesquerella fendleri is currently being developed for cultivation as a potential new industrial oilseed crop because of its seed productivity. However, it has lower HFA content compared to L. pallida and L. lindheimeri. The objectives of this research were to improve the HFA oil content of L. fenderi through interspecific hybridization and to characterize hybrids and successive generations for seed oil fatty acid profile, fertility, seed set and other morphological traits. In this work, three species were successfully hybridized, self-pollinated, and backcrossed. Ovule culture was used in some cases to produce progeny where interspecific hybrids did not produce viable embryos. The traits measured were petal length, ovules per silique, seeds per silique, and weight of 1000 seed. Patterns of leaf trichomes were used to distinguish between parents and hybrids. Seed per silique indicated that autofertility occurred in L. pallida but not in the other two species. HFA oil content of L. fendleri seed were 50.5% compared to 80 and 84% for L. pallida and L. lindheimeri, respectively. The HFA oil content of the hybrids ranged from 57 to 70% in A2 and A3 generations, and the range of values depended on the parents used in the crosses. These measurements will help predict the value of different interspecific crosses for breeding. Segregation for various yield related traits should allow selection for favorable improvements in the HFA trait and in seed yield.

Comparative studies on Orobanche cernua L. and O. cumana Wallr. (Orobanchaceae) in the Iberian Peninsula

The systematic treatment of Orobanche cumana Wallr. and O. cernua L. is controversial. Whereas some authors consider O. cumana as an infraspecific taxon of O. cernua, others treat it as a separate species. Furthermore, the nomenclature of the sunflower broomrape is unclear, and both names are found without qualification in the literature. The objective of the present study has been to evaluate the distribution, morphology, and ecology of O. cernua and O. cumana in the Iberian Peninsula, as well as their seed oil fatty acid profile, which is a trait of great chemotaxonomic value. O. cernua was found parasitizing wild Compositae, mainly Artemisia sppwhereas O. cumana was exclusively found on cultivated sunflower. Both species clearly differ in morphological traits, especially plant height and build, length and structure of the inflorescence, corolla length and colour. Both species are characterized by contrasting seed oil fatty acid profiles, with high oleic acid concentration in O. cernua and high linoleic acid concentration in O. cumana. The evaluation of both taxa in the Iberian Peninsula gives additional support to those authors that treat them as separate species.

Comparative studies on Orobanche cernua L. and O. cumana Wallr. (Orobanchaceae) in the Iberian Peninsula

The systematic treatment of Orobanche cumana Wallr. and O. cernua L. is controversial. Whereas some authors consider O. cumana as an infraspecific taxon of O. cernua , others treat it as a separate species. Furthermore, the nomenclature of the sunflower broomrape is unclear, and both names are found without qualification in the literature. The objective of the present study has been to evaluate the distribution, morphology, and ecology of O. cernua and O. cumana in the Iberian Peninsula, as well as their seed oil fatty acid profile, which is a trait of great chemotaxonomic value. O. cernua was found parasitizing wild Compositae, mainly Artemisia sppwhereas O. cumana was exclusively found on cultivated sunflower. Both species clearly differ in morphological traits, especially plant height and build, length and structure of the inflorescence, corolla length and colour. Both species are characterized by contrasting seed oil fatty acid profiles, with high oleic acid concentration in O. cernua and high linoleic acid concentration in O. cumana . The evaluation of both taxa in the Iberian Peninsula gives additional support to those authors that treat them as separate species.