Lots Of Seeds Research Articles

Pengaruh Ekstrak Babawangan (Fimbristylis miliacea) pada Perkecambahan dan Pertumbuhan Bobontengan (Leptochloa chinensis)

Chinese sprangletop (Leptochloa chinensis) reproduces sexually and vegetatively. This weed has a lot of seeds, is easy to grow, and adapts well to dry and wet land. Proper control is needed. Hoorahgrass extract can be used as an alternative to control weeds. Hoorahgrass (Fimbristylis miliacea) is a group of enigmatic weeds that contain allelochemical compounds. The aims of this research were to determine the effect of the source and concentration of hoorahgrass extract on the germination and growth of chinese sprangletop. This research carried out at the Greenhouse Integrated Field Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung from December 2022 to February 2023 using a Randomized Block Design (RAK) with 2 factors and 4 replications. The first factor was the extract component of hoorahgrass root (A1), shoot (A2) and mixture (A3), and the second factor was hoorahgrass with a concentration of 0% (B0) or (control), 2.5% (B1), 5% (B2 ), 7.5% (B3), 10% (B4). The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance, and first tested for homogeneity of variance using the Bartlett test, followed by the least significant difference test (LSD) at the 5% level. Based on the research results, hoorahgrass extract concentration of 5 to 10% was most effective in reducing seed germination rate, seed germination speed, chinese sprangletop root length and total dry weight. A concentration of 10% was most effective for reducing the height of chinese sprangletop. Keyword: Fimbrisylis, concentration, extract, bioherbicide, Leptochloa

PERBANDINGAN PERTUMBUHAN EKSPLAN PADA PENGGUNAAN AIR LIMBAH AC (AIR CONDITONER) DENGAN AKUADES DALAM MEDIA SUBKULTUR DURIAN LAHUNG (Durio dulcis)

Durian lahung (Durio dulcis) is one of the germplasm of Kalimantan which is becoming rare. One method of propagation with the advantage of obtaining lots of seeds, simultaneously and free from pests is through in vitro technique. One of the obstacles encountered in this process in the laboratory is the use of large amounts of aquades (distilled water), so alternative water is needed with almost the same characteristics so that it does not interfere the growth of explants, namely AC wastewater. The aim of this research is to compare the growth results of Lahung durian explants in a second subculture medium using AC wastewater which is unused waste with distilled water. The experimental design uses the t test by comparing 2 independent populations. The sample consists of a population from subculture result on media with an AC wastewater source and a population on distilled water. Each population consists of 10 replications and each replication consists of 5 bottles, so there are 100 planting bottles. The observations were made on the variables of contamination percentage (%), life percentage (%), browning percentage (%), number of roots, number of shoots, number of leaves, number of plumules, and shoot height. The results of the observations at 6 weeks after subculture showed that the explants from both treatments did not experience contamination, browning, and root growth, and 100% of the explants were alive. Meanwhile, the number of leaves, the number of plumules, shoots, nodes and shoot height were not significantly different between the two treatments.

Analisis Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Produksi Cabai Rawit di Kecamatan Kediri Kabupaten Lombok Barat

Cayenne pepper is a leading commodity in Indonesia. Therefore, the amount of cayenne pepper production needs to be studied properly, including how to optimize its production through the factors that affect the amount of production. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the amount of cayenne pepper production in Kuripan District, West Lombok Regency. The method used in this research is descriptive method involving 30 respondents. Data is collected through direct survey method. Data analysis was performed using descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. The data collected was in the form of the amount of cayenne pepper production, the area of cultivated land, the length of farming experience, the number of workers owned, the number of family members supported, the number of seeds and the amount of fertilizer used. The results showed that the six factors used, namely arable land area, length of farming experience, a lot of labor owned, a lot of dependants, a lot of seeds and a lot of fertilizer simultaneously affect the amount of cayenne pepper production. The factors that partially influence the amount of cayenne pepper production are the area of arable land and the number of family dependents.

Polyphenolic Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Green Extracts from Grape Pomace Skins and Seeds of Italian Cultivars.

The possibility of industrial exploitation of winemaking products, as for all byproducts of vegetal origin, constantly deals with a raw material (grape pomace, GP) whose chemical composition and functional properties vary over time depending on the varietal and geographical origin of the grapes, the climatic conditions (vintage effect), and the winemaking technique. This work studied the compositional variability of polyphenolic skin and seed extracts from GP derived from white and red winemaking of different Italian grape varieties. The total polyphenolic content (GAE), the main classes of polyphenolic compounds, and the DPPH index were determined. Seed extracts were always richer in total polyphenols and condensed tannins and had higher antiradical activity (DPPH) than skin extracts: 144-298 mg GAE/g d.w. extract for skins and 327-540 mg GAE/g for seeds; the DPPH values were 1.77-3.40 mg AAE/g for skins and 3.10-10.48 mg AAE/g for seeds. Furthermore, it was verified that the evaluation of the GAE index of seed extracts, offering a good estimate of the antiradical properties (DPPH index), could represent a simple and rapid method for selecting the best lots of seeds to be used. Conversely, GP skins could be used as flour in the food industry due to their high content of dietary fiber and the presence of flavonols, which possess very interesting functional properties. Important differences in the flavonols profile were observed both between cultivars and between unfermented and fermented pomace.

Seed morphology and germination of Willd. ex Schult. emulating environmental conditions within ant nest.

Damiana (Turnera diffusa Willd. ex Schult.) is a species of plant used in traditional Mexican medicine for its aphrodisiac properties. Although it has a high commercial demand, both nationally and internationally, its sexual propagation is not usual due to the low percentage of seed germination. It has been proposed that ants play an important role in germination, due to the presence of elaiosomes. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to characterize the seed morphology of T. diffusa for agronomic purposes, analyze their viability, and evaluate their germination by simulating environmental conditions of an ant nest. For the morphological characterization, 30 seeds were selected and evaluated for the variables of color, size, and weight. Viability was evaluated with a tetrazolium test using two lots of seeds collected in 2016 and 2017, with different concentrations and three exposure times at 40°C. The germination of T. diffusa was evaluated under three pre-germination treatments and nine germination treatments. The results of the study showed that the seeds of T. diffusa have an average size of 0.725 mm long and 0.182 mm wide; the color of the seeds varies from brown to black when ripe and yellowish white when immature. There are no significant differences in the viability percentage (60%) for seeds collected in 2016 and 2017 (p = 0.20). On the other hand, there are significant differences between all the pre-germination and germination tests analyzed. Seeds of T. diffusa have the highest percentage of germination (36%) with the presence of elaiosome and 500 ppm of GA3. The germination interval of the seeds occurs over a period of six to 39 days. The application of GA3 in the germination of the seeds indicates that they present a physiological latency which was inhibited at concentrations of 500 and 300 ppm.

Peculiarities of propagation of varietal admixture of oilseed flax in sparse crops of fiber flax in the conditions of the North-Western region of the Russian Federation

Relevance. In course of the varietal identification of fiber flax seeds lots produced in research institutions of the Russian Federation, plants atypical for the varieties tested were periodically identified. Their belonging to a mechanical varietal impurity (rogue) was confirmed, in some cases, by the results of the progeny check. The purpose of the work is to clarify the indicator of varietal purity of flax seeds of the categories «original seeds» (OS) and «elite seeds» (ES) in GOST R 52325-2005.Methods. Trials were carried out on sod-podzolic medium loamy soil in the Tver region. The study objects included seeds and plants of brown seed fiber flax variety Antey (control) and yellow-seed variety of oilseed flax LM 98 (rogue). The area of the accounting plot is 1 m2. Seeding rates are from 5 to 12 million seeds per 1 ha (depending on reproduction).Results. It was found that varietal contamination of flax seeds with rogue in the amount of 0.2–1% did not affect the yield of flax products. In the process of seed reproduction in crops of the OS category, the content of impurity seeds increased by 0.1%, 0.2% and 1% with initial clogging — by 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.7% and 1%. In other variants, it remained at the level of the initial blockage. In the crops of the ES category, a significant increase in the amount of impurity seeds (from 0.5 to 0.9%) was noted, except for the variant with initial clogging (0.2%), where its content remained at the initial level. Based on the research results, it was proposed to reduce the varietal purity of flax seeds in GOST R 52325-2005 for the category «OS» to 99.7%, «ES» — to 99%.

Frost hardiness of Finnish plus tree progenies of Scots pine from seed orchards in Finland and Ukraine

To avoid the surrounding pollination, seed orchards of Finnish plus trees have been established in Ukraine, i.e., far from their natural distribution. However, it is unknown whether the pollination site affects the frost hardiness (FH) of the progenies and thus their use in forest regeneration in Finland. Using whole-plant freezing tests, we examined the FH of plus tree seed orchard progenies in Finland and Ukraine, with three lots of seeds from each orchard, twice during cold acclimation in controlled conditions. The FH of needles, as assessed immediately after the freezing tests, was higher in the Finnish than Ukrainian seed orchard progenies. The variation in the FH of needles was high among the progenies, ranging from − 44 to − 79 °C by relative electrolyte leakage (REL), and from − 29 to − 46 °C by chlorophyll fluorescence (CF). However, when FH was assessed based on the growth of shoots and roots in the greenhouse after three weeks, the differences between the progenies and orchards disappeared. The FH was then between − 10 and − 15 °C based on shoot growth, between − 6 and − 12 °C based on root growth, and between − 8 and − 16 °C based on the number of new root tips. The results imply an epigenetic effect on FH of needles but no effect of progeny or orchard on FH of roots. In summary, it seems to be possible to use seed produced in southern Ukraine in practical reforestation actions in southern Finland.

Phosphorus priming influence on different quality of wheat cv. “Pardela” and “Gralha Azul” seeds

The seed priming allows the beginning of the metabolic processes necessary for the germination. Phosphorus is a macronutrient necessary for the growth and development of seedlings, since it participates in the structural components cell like the nucleic acid molecules. The objective was to evaluate the effect of priming and priming with phosphorus (P) on the physiological quality of wheat seeds with different levels of vigor. For the experiment, three lots of wheat seeds of Pardela cultivar, with different levels of vigor i.e. high, medium and low were used. The effect of priming with water and priming with different potential levels of phosphorus was evaluated: 0 (control), 0.10 %, 0.20 %, 0.30 %, 0.40 % and 0.50 % P. The first germination count, percentage of germination, abnormal seedlings, root and shoot length, and dry mass of the seedlings were determined. For the priming with water, the data were submitted to analysis of variance and the means compared by the Tukey test. In the study of the effect of the different concentrations of phosphorus, a variance and regression analysis was carried out, following the completely randomized design, in a factorial scheme 3x6. The Priming in water had significantly influenced all treatments, independently of the seeds vigor levels, increases in the percentage of normal seedlings obtained in the first count and also in the percentage of germination of the low and medium vigor lots, and the seedlings primed in water had significantly larger shoot length in the three different lots. Regarding the different concentrations of phosphorus, significant differences were observed only in the first count of the germination, which decreased with the increase of the phosphorus concentration and the length of the aerial part, which presented an inverse behavior, increasing with the highest levels of phosphorus. Significant interaction between the different vigor levels and phosphorus concentrations was observed only for the root length variable, where concave, linear and convex trends were observed for the high, low and medium vigor lots, respectively. Phosphorus solutions had the optimum role as priming source in promoting seed emergence and root development irrespective of quality seeds

Phenological aspects and physiological quality of seeds of Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth.

Producing forest species in regions with limiting water conditions is still a challenge to be overcome. Thus, it is necessary and urgent to develop research that measure the influence of water stress on the growth, development and propagation capacity of species. Given the above, the objective of this work was to determine the influence of rainfall pulses on reproductive phenophases, production and vigor of seeds of Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth. Biweekly flowering and fruiting phenophases were recorded in selected plants in the field, and later these observations were correlated with climatic data from the region. Already the evaluation of the physiological potential was carried out through a germination test in five lots of seeds harvested from the trees of the phenophases study. Generally, it was observed that the sabiá (M. caesalpiniifolia) produced seeds between the first half of April and the second half of June, and in the second half of August and the first half of September 2021. The reproductive phenology of the sabiá depends on the extension and frequency of rainfall pulses. The pulse extension was favorable to the physiological potential of the seeds as the germination ranged from 85 to 96%. Therefore, M. caesalpiniifolia has its phenology and productive potential influenced by precipitation pulses.

Local and Regional Dynamics of Native Maize Seed Lot Use by Small-Scale Producers and Their Impact on Transgene Presence in Three Mexican States.

Mexico harbors over 50% of maize's genetic diversity in the Americas. Native maize varieties are actively managed by small-scale producers within a diverse array of cultivation systems. Seed lot use, exchange and admixture has consequences for the in situ conservation of such varieties. Here we analyze native maize seed management dynamics from 906 small-scale producers surveyed in three Mexican states: Mexico City, Oaxaca and Chiapas. Furthermore, we analyze how their management practices can relate to transgene presence, which was experimentally documented for maize samples associated with the applied surveys. Through a data mining approach, we investigated which practices might be related with a higher probability of transgene presence. The variables found to have a strong spatial association with transgene presence were: for Mexico City, maize producers with larger parcels; for Oaxaca, producer's age (43-46 years) and the sale of seed; for Chiapas, the use of agricultural machinery and younger producers (37-43 years). Additionally, transgene presence and frequency within the socioeconomic regions of Oaxaca and Chiapas was analyzed. In Oaxaca, higher transgene frequencies occurred in regions where transgene presence had been previously reported. In Chiapas, the border regions with Guatemala as well as a region where reproduction of improved seed takes place, the highest proportion of positive samples were found. A detailed mapping of regional seed markets and seed exchange sites together with deployment of national and local biosecurity measures, could help prevent the further spread of transgenes into native maize varieties, as well as improve conservation efforts.

Assessment of Storage Potential of Onion Varieties Using Variables Extracted from a Mathematical Model 4-Parameter Hill Function (4-PHF)

Onion seeds are prone to rapid germination and viability losses under unfavourable storage conditions. The final germination percentage is considered the most important parameter for determining the performance of seed lots after storage, although other quantitative traits, such as the time and speed of germination, help in more realistic predictions of seed germination. A study was conducted on seventeen seed lots of onion seeds to delineate the most comprehensive parameter indicating seed performance after storage using the four-parameter Hill function (4-PHF) mathematical model. Seeds of seventeen onion cultivars were subjected to accelerated ageing at 42 °C and 100% RH for 48, 96 and 144 h, followed by seed germination evaluation. The germination performance was evaluated by 4-PHF based on time-related parameters, such as the time to maximum germination rate (TMGR), time to 50% germination (T50), and uniformity (U), along with the germination percentage (a), shape and steepness of the Four-Parameter Hill Function (FPHF) curve (b), which were important determinants of the area under curve (AUC), and RoG (rate of germination) curves. Among the parameters, the AUC was found to provide the most comprehensive evaluation of the storage performance of the onion varieties and was decisive in the classification of the varieties as ‘good’ or ‘poor’ storers. A positive correlation between seed vigour index-I (SVI-I) and the AUC reiterated the suitability of using 4-PHF parameters for the assessment of the storage potential of onion varieties.

The evaluation of the measurement uncertainty of the thousand-seed weight in accredited testing laboratories

The evaluation of the measurement uncertainty of the seed quality indicators is an integral part of testing in accredited testing laboratories. The thousand-seed weight is one of the essential indicators, the limit values of which are not standardized, but are taken into account when determining the cost of a lot of seeds or seeding rates.
 The developed method for evaluating the measurement uncertainty of the thousand-seed weight by measuring two weights of 500 seeds is presented in the paper. According to the analysis of a basic calculation formula, the impact of correctness and accuracy on the measurement uncertainty was assessed. It was shown that the major measurement uncertainty components are uncertainties of weighting and repeatability. The repeatability is advisable to be evaluated by Type В using the limit of repeatability, if the national standard specifies the testing method. The authors have analysed the conditions when other components can be neglected. The uncertainty budget and an example of its calculation were received.

Prevalences of Tobamovirus Contamination in Seed Lots of Tomato and Capsicum.

Seed lots of tomato and capsicum (Solanum lycopersicon and Capsicum annuum, respectively) are required to be free of quarantine pests before their entry to Australia is permitted. Testing of samples from 118 larger seed lots in the period 2019-2021 revealed that 31 (26.3%) carried one or more of four Tobamovirus species, including tomato mottle mosaic virus (ToMMV), which is a quarantine pest for Australia. Testing of samples from a further 659 smaller seed lots showed that 123 (18.7%) carried a total of five Tobamovirus species, including ToMMV and tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV), which is also a quarantine pest for Australia. Estimated prevalence of contamination by tobamoviruses ranged from 0.388% to 0.004% in contaminated larger seed lots. Analyses of these data allow us to estimate probabilities of detection of contamination under different regulatory settings.

Detection of seed-borne fungal pathogens associated with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeds collected from farmer fields and grain market

BackgroundThe plant pathogens significantly affect quality and marketability of several cereal crops. Of these, seed-borne phytopathogens are responsible for quality and quantity losses in crops on commercial scale. The aim of this study was to isolate and detect the seed-borne mycoflora from seed lots of various bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes widely grown in Bahawalpur division of south Punjab, Pakistan. MethodsEleven commercial wheat cultivars/genotypes were investigated through standard blotter paper method. The samples were randomly collected from farmer fields and grain markets. The collected samples were brought to the laboratory and analyzed with different methods to detect the mycoflora. ResultsTwenty-one fungal species were recovered from seeds lots of diversified gene pool. The most frequently isolated fungi were Alternaria alternata, Fusarium monoliformae, Aspergillus flavus, Helminthosporium spp., Curvularia spp., Bipolaris sorokiniana, Phoma spp. and Penicillium spp. The one devasting fungal specie Alternaria alternata (88.8%) was the dominating species in all wheat genotypes included in the study. ConclusionThese results divulge the presence of fungal pathogens in all wheat cultivars and could exert adverse effect on their allometric traits. So, there is a potential need to control these seed borne pathogens to minimize the crop yield losses.

Vigor and anaerobic metabolism of soybean seeds evaluated by ethanol test

Abstract: Among the vigor tests, ethanol is an alternative that provides desirable characteristics to be applied in seed-producing companies internal quality control planning. The aim was to evaluate the vigor of soybean seeds by the ethanol test and the fermentative metabolism after its application. A completely randomized experimental design with five replications was used, with treatments consisting of 10 lots of soybean seeds, except for the variables composing the fermentative metabolism, for which five lots of soybean seeds were used. First, the initial quality of the lots was assessed by evaluating water content, germination, seedling emergence, accelerated aging, tetrazolium test (vigor), electrical conductivity, and seed respiration. For the ethanol test, the seeds were subjected to soaking times of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes until the moment of reading, and subsequently, the fermentative metabolism was evaluated (lactate dehydrogenase - LDH, pyruvate decarboxylase - PDC, and alcohol dehydrogenase - ADH). The ethanol test in soybean seeds efficiently ranks lots into different levels of vigor, using the soaking time of 30 minutes, showing a moderate association between the electrical conductivity test and seed respiration. Furthermore, the activity of the enzymes LDH, PDC, and ADH proves that ethanol is produced during the soaking process of soybean seeds.

Processing on the physical and physiological quality of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seeds

Abstract: Processing consists of sequential operations aimed at cleaning, classifying, and treating seeds, with the goal of improving the quality of the lot. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the processing stages on the physical and physiological quality of chickpea seeds, cultivar BRS Cícero. Seeds were sampled before processing and after passing through the air screen machine (upper sieve of 12 mm and lower sieve of 7.5 mm), elevators, storage silo, and gravity table (upper discharge, high intermediate, low intermediate, and lower discharge). The seeds were evaluated for moisture content, physical purity, germination test, electrical conductivity test, emergence in sand, emergence speed index, accelerated aging, and tetrazolium test. The processing resulted in increased physical purity and reduced percentage of broken seeds in the lot of chickpea seeds. Seeds collected from the upper and intermediate chutes of the gravity table showed higher germination values. Seed processing using the air screen machine and the gravity table is effective in improving the physical and physiological quality of the lot of chickpea seeds, cultivar BRS Cícero.

Viability of melon seeds using the pH testing of exudate

Abstract: Melon is one of the most consumed cucurbits and commercially significant cucurbits in the world. It is planted predominantly through seedlings, and seed quality is essential in this process. Among the rapid tests used in seed analysis, the pH testing of exudate has shown promise for several cultivated species. Thus, this study aimed to verify the viability of melon (Cucumis melo L.) seeds through the pH testing of exudate. For this, seeds of the hybrids Premier and Supreme (three lots each) were subjected to germination and vigor tests (first germination count, tetrazolium, accelerated aging, emergence speed index, and emergence). The pH testing of exudate was evaluated using phenolphthalein and sodium carbonate solutions. The results indicated the possibility of classifying the lots into three quality levels for both hybrids, similar to most tests used to assess initial quality. Therefore, the pH testing of exudate was effective in determining the viability of lots of melon seeds and can be conducted with a soaking period of 120 minutes at 25 or 30 °C.

Evolutionary trend of plant community and adaptive strategies of dominant plants in the water-level-fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir

三峡水库周期性蓄水显著改变了消落区植物群落组成及多样性,植物群落的演变过程能反映和影响整个消落区生态系统的变化,但目前还缺乏长期连续的观测数据记录,因而本研究基于2009-2021年6月的固定样方长时间序列监测数据和优势植物叶片功能性状数据,分析了消落区3个高程(145~155、155~165和165~175 m)区域植物群落多样性和优势植物重要值的变化趋势,通过冗余分析和蒙特卡罗检验揭示了水库运行特征参数和气象因子对消落区植物特征的影响。研究发现:1)消落区3个高程区域,优势植物差异明显,145~155和155~165 m区域以狗牙根、香附子和苍耳等为主,165~175 m区域以狗牙根、野胡萝卜和鬼针草等为主。145~155 m区域植物群落Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(1.47±0.47)和Pielou 均匀度指数(0.67±0.07)显著低于165~175 m区域。2)2009-2021年期间,高程145~155和155~165 m区域Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou 均匀度指数呈波动下降趋势,优势植物狗牙根和香附子的重要值呈增加趋势。3)RDA分析表明,与水库运行特征密切相关的淹没时间、周期性淹没次数和高程均能显著影响消落区优势植物重要值的大小。狗牙根、喜旱莲子草和苍耳等物种重要值与周期性淹没次数呈正相关,狗尾草和水蓼的重要值与淹没次数呈负相关。野胡萝卜、鬼针草和黄花蒿等物种重要值与高程呈正相关,狗牙根、香附子和水蓼的重要值与高程呈负相关。4)不同植物的适应策略各有不同,消落区植物狗牙根的比叶面积最大,为(32.8±7.2)mm²/mg,鬼针草和苍耳次之,分别为(30.6±3.9)和(30.0±3.0)mm²/mg,均小于未淹没对照区植物的比叶面积。5)狗牙根耐水淹能力强,以S策略投资为主(53.4%),苍耳的比叶面积大,以C投资策略主(61.3%)。小白酒草(64.6%)和鬼针草(50.9%)以R策略为主,种子小数量多,喜旱莲子草也以R策略为主(71.3%),具有发达的根茎。本研究结果可加深对大型水库消落区植物群落演变趋势及优势植物的生态适应策略的科学认知。;The periodic impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir has significantly changed the composition and diversity of plant communities in the water-level-fluctuation zone (WLFZ), and its succession process can reflect and influence the changes of the whole reservoir bank ecosystem. At present, there is still a lack of long-term continuous observational records. Based on the monitoring data of fixed sample sites from June 2009 to June 2021 and leaf functional traits of dominant plants, this study analyzed the change trend of plant community diversity and the important value of dominant plants at the altitudes of 145-155 m, 155-165 m and 165-175 m in the WLFZ, and revealed the influence of reservoir operation characteristic parameters and meteorological factors on plant characteristics in the WLFZ through redundancy analysis. The results showed that: 1) dominant plants varied obviously in different elevation areas. The dominant species exhibiting higher important value (IV) at the altitude of 145-155 m and 155-165 m were Cynodon dactylon, Cyperus rotundus and Xanthium sibiricum with the higher water-tolerant capacity, while C. dactylon, Daucus carota and Bidens pilosa were dominant at the altitude of 165-175 m. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index of plant communities (1.47±0.47) and the Pielou index (0.67±0.07) at the altitude of 145-155 m were significantly lower than those at the altitude of 165-175 m. 2) From 2009 to 2021, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou index at the elevation of 145-155 m and 155-165 m decreased, while the importance value of C. dactylon and C. rotundus increased. 3) RDA analysis showed that the flooding time, number of periodic flooding and elevation can significantly affect the IV of dominant plants. The IV of species such as C. dactylon, A. philoxeroides and X. sibiricum were positively correlated with number of periodic flooding. The IV of Setaria viridis and Polygonum hydropiper were negatively correlated with number of periodic flooding. With increasing elevation, the IV of D. carota, B. pilosa and Artemisia annua increased, however, the IV of C. dactylon, C. rotundus and P. hydropiper declined. 4) The adaptation strategies of different plants varied. Specific leaf area (SLA) of C. dactylon (32.8±7.2) mm²/mg was the largest, followed by B. pilosa (30.6±3.9) mm²/mg and X. sibiricum (30.0±3.0) mm²/mg. The SLA of these plans in the WLFZ were lower than those of plants in the unflooded area. 5) The investment proportion of S strategy of C. dactylon was 53.4% with high flooding-resistant ability. The investment proportion of C strategy of X. sibiricum was 61.3% with the largest leaf area. The proportions of R strategy of Comnyza canadensis and B. pilosa were 64.6% and 50.9% that have a lot of small seeds. The proportions of R strategy of A. philoxeroides was 71.3% with developed roots. The results of this study may deepen the scientific understanding of the change trend of plant communities and the ecological adaptation strategies of dominant plants in the WLFZ of large reservoirs.

Morphology and germination of Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. seeds

Abstract: The occurrence of damage and empty space inside the seed can directly affect germination. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the occurrence of damage or empty space inside cowpea seeds and the physiological potential. In this study, seven lots of seeds of the cultivar ‘BRS Guariba’ were subjected to the X-ray test to identify damage by tissue deterioration, mechanical damage, damage by insects and malformed seeds and, later, to the germination test. The percentage of empty space between the embryonic area and the seed coat was determined from radiographic images in ImageJ software. Based on the results obtained, the seeds were classified into different categories, and the results were compared with the germination data. It was concluded that the analysis of radiographic images allowed the identification of damage and measurement of empty space in the internal cavity of the seeds, making it possible to establish a relationship between internal morphology and germination. The presence of damage, especially that caused by tissue deterioration or mechanical damage, depending on its location and intensity, has the potential to negatively affect the germination of cowpea seeds. Likewise, seeds that contain higher levels of empty space in their internal cavity tend not to germinate or to generate abnormal seedlings at the time of germination.

FITTING Data Mining Settings for Ranking Seed Lots

FITTING Data Mining Settings for Ranking Seed Lots