Rate Of Seed Deterioration Research Articles

Transcriptional multiomics reveals the mechanism of seed deterioration in Nicotiana tabacum L. and Oryza sativa L.

IntroductionMature seeds deteriorate gradually and die eventually during long-term storage. Controlled deterioration is often used to accelerate the seed deterioration rate to assess the seed vigor and physiological quality of seed lots. ObjectivesAlthough it is well known that the process of seed deterioration produced by controlled deterioration is distinct from that caused by long-term storage, the differences in transcriptional levels have not been reported. Clarifying the mechanism of seed deterioration is critical for identifying, conserving and utilizing germplasm resources. MethodsTobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) seeds were studied thoroughly using transcriptome, small RNA, and degradome sequencing after long-term storage (LS) and controlled deterioration (CD). Co-expression trend analysis identified transcripts involved in tobacco seed deterioration, while phylogenetic analysis helped to uncover comparable targets in rice (Oryza sativa L.) for further verification and utilization. ResultsIn LS and CD, a total of 2,112 genes and 164 miRNAs were differentially expressed, including 20 interaction miRNA-mRNA pairs with contrasting expression. Transcriptional multiomics found that the main causes of LS were plant hormone signal transduction and protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, whereas the primary cause of CD was nucleotide excision repair dysfunction. The homeostatic balance of RNA degradation and the spliceosome occurred in both modes of seed deterioration. Additionally, co-expression trend analysis identified two coherent pairs, nta-miR160b-NtARF18 and nta-miR396c-NtMBD10, as being significant in LS and CD, respectively. For utilization, rice homologous targets OsARF18 and OsMBD707 were verified to play similar roles in LS and CD, respectively. ConclusionThis study demonstrated the transcriptional mechanism of tobacco and key genes in seed deterioration. And the application of key genes in rice also verified the feasibility of the multiomics method, guiding the identification of candidate genes to precisely delay seed deterioration in other species of seed research.

Evaluation of effectiveness various seed processing combination technique to produce True Shallot Seed (TSS) with good quality

The seed processing technique is essential to maintain quality and suppress seed deterioration rate as long as processing time. This research aims to evaluate various seed processing combination techniques to produce TSS with good quality. The study was conducted at Indonesian Vegetables Research Institute, Lembang (1,250 m sal) from March until December 2018. The research used a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatment consisted of 12 combinations of seed processing, including the technique of drying, capsule breaking, and sorting. The research result showed that the best treatment was a combination technique with umbels drying in the room at RH 50 % and 30-35°C for 72 hours, breaking capsule by hand manually, and seed sorting by winnower followed by hand manually. The produced seed quality in this treatment showed the seed germination was 75%, the moisture content was 7.5%, and the physical purity was 99.9%. This research implies that the availability of TSS processing technology can be carried out by massal, but still can produce good seed quality.

Seed Storability and Genetic Parameters Estimation on Accelerated Aging Seed of Argomulyo Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) Mutant Lines

Seed storability of 22 selected soybean mutant lines from Argomulyo population irradiated by gamma ray were assessed by rapid aging tool, APC-IPB 77-1MM. Seed viability and vigor parameter observed due to genetic factors. The 90% ethanol was applied for 20, 40, 60 and 80 min as accelerated aging test. M100-96-53-6 was estimated that has good storability with less seed deterioration rate expressed by slow slope of germination percentage, germination speed and electrical resistance value after 20-80 min of chemical accelerated aging. Electrical resistance (ER) test could be as alternative and a substitute of electrical conductance (EC) test as alternative of vigor test. The high heritability and moderate to high genetic advance were noted on all parameters except moisture content. Germination percentage and germination speed could be reviewed for early stage selection to improve traits at the next generation based on R-square value of regresion and genetic parameters obtained.

A rapid and sensitive method to assess seed longevity through accelerated aging in an invasive plant species

BackgroundSeed longevity and vigor assessment is crucial for efficient ex situ biodiversity conservation in genebanks but may also have potential applications for the understanding of ecological processes and in situ biodiversity conservation. In fact, one of the factors determining the persistence of invasive species, a main threat to global biodiversity, is the generation of soil seed banks where seeds may remain viable for several years. Artificial seed aging tests using high temperatures and high relative humidity have been described for seed longevity estimation but have been mainly optimized for species with commercial interest. Thus, the aim of the study is to define a rapid and sensitive method to assess seed longevity and vigor through accelerated aging in the worldwide distributed invasive species Carpobrotus edulis to provide tools to biodiversity managers to evaluate invasive potential and develop effective post-eradication plans.ResultsSlow seed deterioration rate was obtained when C. edulis seeds were subjected to common accelerated aging temperatures (43–45 °C). This contrasts with the rapid viability decay between 24–72 h when seeds were subjected to temperatures superior to 55 °C, a strong inflection point for this species’ thermosensitivity. Relative humidity also played a role in defining seed survival curves, but only at high temperatures, speeding up the deterioration process. The selected aging conditions, 55 °C at 87% relative humidity were tested over two C. edulis populations and three measures were proposed to parametrize the differential sigmoidal seed survival curves, defining the seed resistance to deterioration (L5, aging time where 95% of seeds maintain their viability), medium longevity (L50, 50% of seeds lose their viability) and lethal aging time (L95, 95% of viability loss).ConclusionsAn accelerated aging test at 55 °C and 87% relative humidity constitutes a rapid and sensitive method that can be performed within a working week, allowing managers to easily test seed vigor and longevity. This test may contribute to assess invasive potential, design effective monitoring programs and soil seed bank eradication treatments.

Deterioration of quality soybean seeds (Glycine Max (L.) Merr. AGS 190) at harvest stages, seed moisture content and storage temperature in Malaysia

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merill AGS 190) is an important vegetables and oil in the Asian communities like Malaysia. Seed deterioration is a harmful feature of agriculture crops which hindered quality seed of Soybean. Thus, the purpose of the study is to determine the effect of non-ultra-dry and ultra-dry seed moisture content stored in room temperature and cold room conditions for seed harvested stages on the quality or seed deterioration of soybean seeds (AGS 190) which grown under the humid tropical region. This study was conducted at Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia in three harvested stages such as R6 (Full seed stage), R7 (Commencement of maturity period), and R8 (Fully maturity stage), moisture content (12% non-ultra-dry and ≤5% ultra-dry) and storage temperature (room storage at 25 to 30oC and cold room storage at 10oC). The result of this study showed that the seed deterioration rate was less in harvest stage R7 compared to R6 and R8 especially for ultra-dry seeds. In addition, seed deterioration can decrease at room temperature by the ultra-dry treatment compared non-ultra-dry but deterioration was higher for non-ultra-dry seed during storage at room temperature than cold room.

Effects of accelerated ageing on germination and biochemistry of eight rice cultivars

ABSTRACTRice seed deterioration rate due to aging is correlated with ambient temperature, relative humidity, and moisture. Eight cultivars were analyzed for differences in seed deterioration via accelerated ageing at 45°C and 100% relative humidity (RH) for 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 hr. Khazar and Neda had highest germination percentages when exposed to 120 hr seed ageing. For Lenjan, with increased seed ageing, moisture content increased from 9.8% in the control to 21.7% after the 120 hr treatment. Khazar and Shiroudi had the lowest decrease in shoot length. Root length decreased from 0 hr control to 120 hr treatment, and was lowest in Fajr and Khazar. Minimum electrical conductivity was observed in Neda and Fajr after 120 hr. Lowest increases in lipid peroxidation from control to 120 hr treatment was in Fajr, Khazar, and Neda. Neda and Khazar are the most suitable cultivars to store in the humid, sub-tropics of northern Iran.

Predicting the Longevity of Sesame Seeds under Short-Term Containerized Storage with Charcoal Desiccant

Seeds are characterized by rapid deterioration during storage under humid tropical conditions of high air temperature and relative humidity. Physiological changes that occur in seeds during storage are manifested as reduction in seedling vigor index, number of germination, percentage germination, speed of germination and rate of germination among others. This study aimed at prolonging the longevity of sesame seed through containerized storage with charcoal desiccant. Forty grams of sesame seeds was stored with varying amount of charcoal desiccant (0, 40, 80, 120, 160 and 200 g). The containerized seeds were then placed in a wooden cabinet with average ambient conditions of 29.8oC and 80% relative humidity, and stored for 12weeks. Samples were taken from storage at interval of two weeks and tested for seed viability and seedling vigor. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out on the data collected and treatment means were separated using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Serial germination data were also subjected to probit analysis Research Article American Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 4(1): 1-11, 2014 2 in order to model sesame seed deterioration in storage. ANOVA results show that charcoal treatments were highly significant (P≤0.01) on all the seed viability and seedling vigour parameters evaluated. Storage time was also highly significant on all the parameters. However, interaction between seed treatment and storage time was not significant (P≥0.01) on seed germination and seedling vigour index. There were also statistical differences among the charcoal treatments and among the storage periods. Probit results indicate that seed preservation was optimal in seed treated with 200 g charcoal with seed half life (P50) of 13.19 weeks, and lowest seed deterioration rate (1/σ) of 0.1559. It is recommended that 200 g or more of dry charcoal should be adopted for short-term and mediumterm sesame seed treatment as it effectively maintained seed viability and seedling vigour during storage as compared to other treatments.

Equação de viabilidade para determinar a longevidade de sementes de trigo sob condições diferenciadas em armazenamento convencional

O objetivo deste trabalho foi aplicar a equação simplificada de viabilidade desenvolvida por Andreoli (1998) para predizer a longevidade de sementes de trigo das cultivares BRS 210, BRS 208, CD 104, IAPAR 78 e IPR 85, em condições de armazenamento convencional, nos municípios de Mauá da Serra e Londrina, PR. A equação simplificada é dada pelo modelo, Vp = Vi - (tgbeta).p, em que Vp é a viabilidade em ‘probit’ no período p, Vi é a germinação inicial do lote, e tgbeta é a taxa de deterioração da semente para cada cultivar. Os lotes de sementes escolhidos ao acaso foram divididos em quatro partes, embalados em sacaria de polipropileno trançado e armazenados por 300 dias em armazéns convencionais nos dois municípios. Os dados de germinação foram transformados em ‘probit’ e a declividade da reta (tgbeta) foi calculada entre 0 e 30 dias. As taxas de deterioração variaram de 0,4 x 10-3 a 1,3 x 10-3, sendo que nas condições de Londrina as taxas foram maiores, indicando que a germinação da semente declinou mais rapidamente do que em Mauá da Serra. O modelo prediz com acurácia a longevidade das sementes de trigo, independente do genótipo, em armazém convencional. A germinação inicial das sementes (V1) não afetou a taxa de deterioração.

Simplificação da equação de viabilidade para predizer a longevidade de sementes de milho e soja

A equação de Ellis & Roberts utiliza a temperatura, a umidade e a qualidade inicial da semente para predizer sua longevidade, porém exige experimentos complexos e demorados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi simplificar a equação de viabilidade para predizer a longevidade da semente de milho e soja em condições de armazenamento aberto. A equação simplificada é explicada pelo modelo Vp = Vi - (tgbeta).p, em que Vp é a viabilidade em probit no período p, Vi é a germinação inicial do lote e tgb é a taxa de deterioração da semente para cada espécie. Sementes de milho BRS201 e BRS206 e soja cultivar IAC-8 e MG/BR 46 (Conquista) foram embaladas em sacos de papel e armazenadas por 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 240, 300 e 360 dias, em galpões abertos, em Sete Lagoas, MG, e Brasília, DF. Os dados foram transformados em 'probit' e a declividade da reta (tgbeta) foi calculada entre 0 e 30 dias. O coeficiente (tgbeta) variou de 1,4767.10-3 a 2,687.10-3 em milho e de 2,868.10-3 a 3,617.10-3 em soja, dependendo das condições climáticas do armazém. A germinação da semente de soja declinou mais rapidamente que a de milho. O modelo prediz com precisão a longevidade das sementes de milho e soja em armazém aberto.

Survival Characteristics of Corn Seed during Storage: II. Rate of Seed Deterioration

The Ellis‐Roberts deterioration model depends on the assumption that the rate of seed deterioration is the same among seed lots of a crop species when stored in identical environments. The rate of deterioration of 11 corn (Zea mays L.) seed lots from six hybrids was measured during storage in various combinations of constant temperatures (20, 30, 40, and 50°C) and seed moisture contents (100, 120, 140, and 160 g kg−1, fresh weight basis). The seed‐survival curves were constructed by conducting successive germination tests at frequent intervals during storage. The rates of seed deterioration were estimated by probit analysis and differences among seed lots were identified by analysis of variance. The deterioration rates were significantly different among seed lots in 16 of 21 storage environments when analyzing full data sets (all data points) and in 14 of 21 storage environments when using truncated data sets (germination percentages between 5 and 95%). Both genotype and initial seed quality affected the rate of deterioration with low‐vigor seed lots generally deteriorating at a faster rate than high‐vigor seed lots. The rate of deterioration was greatly influenced by storage environment and increased with an increase in storage temperature, seed moisture, or both. The assumption of a constant rate of seed deterioration in identical storage environments was not valid for hybrid corn seed.

Temperature effects during the storage of cottonseed

AbstractA recently published formula (1) enables persons storing cottonseed to predict the amount of deterioration to be expected as a function of storage time. It permits expected storage losses to be weighed against other economic alternatives such as accelerated processing. However, the formula has a serious limitation inasmuch as it is useful only when the storage temperature remains constant. This paper discusses the effect of temperature upon the seed deterioration rate and it extends the formula to cover the effect of changing temperature conditions.