Sedentary Leisure Time Physical Activity Research Articles

Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors and Biological Aging in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 1999-2018.

People who have a balanced diet and engage in more physical activity live longer, healthier lives. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that these associations reflect a slowing of biological processes of aging. We analyzed data from 42625 participants (aged 20-84years, 51% female participants) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES), 1999-2018. We calculated adherence to a Mediterranean diet (MeDi) and level of leisure time physical activity (LTPA) using standard methods. We measured biological aging by applying the PhenoAge algorithm, developed using clinical and mortality data from NHANES-III (1988-94), to clinical chemistries measured from a blood draw at the time of the survey. We tested the associations of diet and physical activity measures with biological aging, explored synergies between these health behaviors, and tested heterogeneity in their associations across strata of age, sex, and body mass index. Participants who adhered to the MeDi and who did more LTPA had younger biological ages compared with those who had less-healthy lifestyles (high vs low MeDi tertiles: β=0.14 standard deviation [SD] [95% confidence interval {CI}: -0.18, -0.11]; high vs sedentary LTPA, β=0.12 SD [-0.15, -0.09]), in models controlled for demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Healthy diet and regular physical activity were independently associated with lower clinically defined biological aging, regardless of age, sex, and BMI category.

O7-1 The association of occupational and leisure time physical activity with all-cause mortality. Using an individual participant dataset (N = 634,131)

BackgroundPhysical activity is a key determinant for health and considered as an important factor in the prevention of lifestyle related-diseases. All physical activity domains are generally considered to be health enhancing. However, accumulating evidence in recent years suggests that occupational physical activity may not have the same beneficial health effect as leisure time physical activity. Our aim was to assess the association of occupational and leisure time physical activity and all-cause mortality.MethodsWe obtained individual participant data from published and unpublished cohort studies and assessed their risk of bias. We harmonized the data, and used Cox survival regression models to assess the association between occupational and leisure time physical activity with all-cause mortality, in a two-stage individual participant data meta-analysis. Different models were performed to assess the impact of relevant confounders including behavioral, health-related and socio-economic factors. Results of the data were reported with hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).ResultsData from 22 prospective cohort studies showed that male workers with high occupational physical activity had an increased risk of all-cause mortality in comparison with sedentary occupational physical activity (HR: 1.12, 95%CI: 1.03- 1.23). For female workers, no such association was found (HR: 1.01, 95%CI: 0.85-1.19). when comparing high with sedentary occupational physical activity.Increasing levels of leisure time physical activity were inversely and dose-dependently associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality. For example, high compared with sedentary leisure time physical activity was associated with reduced risks for males (HR: 0.53, 95%CI: 0.36-0.79) and for females (HR: 0.49, 95%CI: 0.31-0.79).All associations remained robust when adjusting for additional relevant confounders, leaving one study out analysis, and when assessing the role of bias and reverse causality.ConclusionWe consistently found a reduced risk of all-cause mortality with increasing levels of leisure time physical activity, but not for occupational physical activity. These findings indicate that occupational activity may not be health-enhancing. These findings suggest that occupational physical activity may not be considered a suitable substitute to leisure time physical activity when striving for health enhancement.

Physical activity and risk of instant and 28-day case-fatality in myocardial infarction.

BackgroundWhile physical activity reduces risk of developing myocardial infarction (MI), it is unknown whether a history of physical activity is also protective of fatal arrhythmia and case-fatality in patients who have suffered an acute MI.Methods104,801 individuals included in 2003–2014 in the Copenhagen General Population Study (CGPS), a prospective population-based study with self-reported leisure time physical activity (LTPA) in three categories measured at baseline, were followed until 2014 through national registries. The 1,517 individuals who suffered a first time MI during follow-up constituted the study population. Outcomes were fatal MI, defined as date of death same as date of MI (including out-of-hospital deaths) and 28-day fatality. Through multivariable analyses the association between baseline LTPA and outcomes were assessed adjusted for CVD risk factors.ResultsOf 1,517 MI events, 117 (7.7%) were fatal and another 79 (5.6%) lead to death within 28 days. Median time from baseline to MI was 3.6 years (IQR 1.7–5.8). LTPA was associated with lower risk of fatal MI with odds ratios of 0.40 (95% CI: 0.22–0.73) for light and 0.41 (0.22–0.76) for moderate/high LTPA after multivariable adjustment with sedentary LTPA as reference. Age, alcohol-intake, education and smoking were identified as other predictors for fatal MI. We found no association between LTPA and 28-day case fatality.ConclusionsAmong individuals with MI, those that have engaged in any light or moderate physical activity were more likely to survive their MI. Results are consistent with effect of exercise preconditioning on risk of fatal arrhythmia.

Prognostic impact of physical activity prior to myocardial infarction: Case fatality and subsequent risk of heart failure and death.

Background Animal studies indicate that exercise reduces myocardial damage during myocardial infarction by ischaemic preconditioning. Aim To determine from a prospective cohort study whether the level of leisure time physical activity (LTPA) in humans prior to myocardial infarction could modify the course of myocardial infarction by reducing case fatality and the subsequent risk of heart failure and mortality. Methods A total of 14,223 participants in the Copenhagen City Heart Study were assessed at baseline in 1976-1978; 1,664 later developed myocardial infarction (mean age at myocardial infarction 70.9 years) and were followed through registries until 2013. We explored the association of LTPA assessed before myocardial infarction with the risk of fatal myocardial infarction, heart failure and all-cause mortality after myocardial infarction. Odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated by logistic and Cox proportional hazards regression models, adjusted for age at myocardial infarction and other potential confounders. Results A total of 425 (25.5%) myocardial infarctions were fatal. Higher levels of LTPA prior to myocardial infarction were associated with lower case fatality: adjusted ORs (95% confidence interval), with reference to sedentary LTPA were 0.68 (0.51-0.89) for light LTPA and 0.53 (0.38-0.74) for moderate/high LTPA. A total of 360 (29.1%) of the 1,239 myocardial infarction survivors developed heart failure and 1,033 (83.4%) died during follow-up. There was no association between LTPA levels prior to myocardial infarction and the risk of heart failure or all-cause mortality after non-fatal myocardial infarction: adjusted HRs for moderate/high versus sedentary LTPA were 1.06 (0.78-1.45) and 0.90 (0.74-1.08), respectively. Conclusion Individuals who were physically active had lower case fatality of myocardial infarction, but survivors were not protected against subsequent heart failure or mortality.

Physical activity and risk of alcohol use disorders: results from a prospective cohort study.

To examine the effect of physical activity on risk of developing alcohol use disorders in a large prospective cohort study with focus on leisure-time physical activity. Data came from the four examinations of the Copenhagen City Heart Study (CCHS), performed in 1976-1978, 1981-1983, 1991-1994 and 2001-2003. Information on physical activity (classified as Moderate/high, low or sedentary) and covariates was obtained through self-administered questionnaires, and information on alcohol use disorders was obtained from the Danish Hospital Discharge Register, the Danish Psychiatric Central Research Register and the Winalco database. In total, 18,359 people participated in the study, a mean follow-up time of 20.9 years. Cox proportional hazards model with delayed entry was used. Models were adjusted for available covariates (age, smoking habits, alcohol intake, education, income and cohabitation status) including updated time-dependent variables whenever possible. A low or moderate/high leisure-time physical activity was associated with almost half the risk of developing alcohol use disorder compared with a sedentary leisure-time physical activity. This translates into a 1.5- to 2-fold increased risk of developing alcohol use disorder (Hazard ratios for men 1.64; 95% CI 1.29-2.10 and women 1.45; 1.01-2.09) in individuals with a sedentary leisure-time physical activity, compared with a moderate to high level. However, when stratifying by presence of other psychiatric disorders, no association was observed in women with psychiatric comorbidity. Residual confounding may have been present in this study, especially according to rough measures of income and education. In both men and women, being sedentary in leisure time was a risk factor for developing an alcohol use disorder.

High prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Iraqi and Swedish residents in a deprived Swedish neighbourhood - a population based study

BackgroundImmigrants from the Middle-East are at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D). The aim of the present survey was to measure, in a single deprived neighbourhood, the prevalence rates of impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and T2D in residents originating from Iraq and to compare them to those in residents born in Sweden. An additional aim was to identify metabolic, lifestyle and socioeconomic risk factors associated with IFG/IGT and T2D in these residents.MethodsThe study was conducted February 1'st to March 31'st 2010. Men and women aged 45 to 65 years of Swedish or Iraqi origin, living in the neighbourhood of Rosengård, Malmö, Sweden, were randomly selected from the census register. Each participant signed a written informed consent form, underwent a physical examination and an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), provided blood samples and filled in a questionnaire. A total of 175 subjects participated (Swedish origin n = 79, Iraqi origin n = 96), reflecting an overall response rate of almost 60%.ResultsIn total, 21.9% and 19.0% of the Iraqi and Swedish participants, respectively, suffered from T2D, while 24.0% of the Iraqi participants and 25.3% of the Swedish participants had IFG/IGT. There were no significant differences in prevalence rates relating to country of origin.Obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) and sedentary leisure time physical activity were highly prevalent in both groups, while a family history of diabetes was more prevalent in participants from Iraq (49.2%) than in those from Sweden (22.8%) (p = 0.001).Being obese or having a sedentary leisure time were, independently associated with T2D (OR 5.43 (95% CI 2.10-14.02) and 2.89 (95% CI 1.03-8.10) respectively), while economic difficulties were independently associated with IFG/IGT (OR 2.55 (95% CI 1.06-6.15)) after adjustment for the confounding effects of other common risk factors for T2D.ConclusionsThis study reveals a high prevalence of T2D, independently of country of origin (Iraq or Sweden), in a socially vulnerable area and additionally presents a risk factor profile that is markedly different from that of Sweden in general.

Diastolic dysfunction is associated with sedentary leisure time physical activity and smoking in females only

Objectives. Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction with preserved systolic function (DD-PSF) is associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Population-based surveys studying the associations between DD-PSF and lifestyle-associated risk factors, such as leisure time physical activity (LTPA) and smoking, are scarce. Thus, the aims were to explore the associations between DD-PSF and LTPA and smoking, employing optimal echocardiographic techniques. Design. Cross-sectional study conducted from 2001 to 2003. Setting.The study was conducted in a random sample of a rural Swedish population. Subjects. Men and women of 30–75 years of age were consecutively invited for conventional echocardiography and tissue velocity imaging (n = 1149). Structured questionnaires and physical examinations were conducted using standardized methods. Main outcome measures. DD-PSF was defined according to the European Society of Cardiology criteria excluding subjects with ejection fraction < 45%, or a self-reported history of heart failure. Results. Complete information was available in 500 men and 538 women. In a multivariate model, DD-PSF was independently associated with sedentary LTPA and smoking in females; sedentary LTPA odds ratio (OR) 2.91, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02 to 8.27, and smoking OR 3.42, 95% CI 1.35 to 8.64. The probability of identifying DD-PSF in females with a sedentary LTPA was 37% and increased to 80% if they also had hypertension and were obese. Conclusions. Sedentary LTPA and smoking are independently associated with DD-PSF in females. Identification of a sedentary lifestyle in females increases the probability of diagnosing DD-PSF.

Clustering of cardiovascular risk factors. Time trends during 28 years

Objectives—To assess the development in frequency and clustering of hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, high body mass index (BMI), physical inactivity and tobacco smoking in the period 1964–1992, and to evaluate any sex and age differences.Design—Five cross‐sectional investigations on cardiovascular risk factors performed in 1964, 1978, 1982–1984, 1986–1987 and 1991–1992 comprising random samples in a suburban area of Copenhagen, Denmark. Physical activity during leisure time and smoking habits were assessed by self‐administered questionnaire. Blood pressure, weight, height and serum total cholesterol were measured according to WHO standards.Results—A total of 8644 persons aged 30, 40, 50 and 60 years participated with an equal number of men and women. Women had fewer risk factors than men and younger persons had fewer risk factors than older persons. In the period 1964–1992 there was a decreasing number of risk factors. The 50 year olds show a sex difference in the period 1982–1992, whereas there was no sex difference among the 60 year olds. Tobacco smoking was the most common risk factor. BMI>27.5 has become more and more frequent throughout the period, especially in men. The BMI has conquered third place in all age groups. The association of BMI>27.5 and sedentary leisure time physical activity has become the most frequent.Conclusion—Clustering among risk factors decreased over time in both sexes. The association of elevated BMI and sedentary leisure time activity may contribute to the rising frequency of chronic disease such as diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease.

Immigration and Leisure-Time Physical Inactivity: A population-based study

Objective. To investigate the relationship between migration status and sedentary leisure-time physical activity status in the city of Malmö, Sweden. Methods. The public health survey in 1994 is a cross-sectional study. A total of 5600 individuals aged 20-80 completed a postal questionnaire. The response rate was 71%. The population was categorized according to country of birth. Multivariate analysis was performed using a logistic regression model to investigate the importance of possible confounders for the differences in sedentary leisure-time physical activity status. Results. The prevalence of a sedentary leisure-time physical activity status was 18.1% among men and 26.7% among women. The odds ratio of a sedentary leisure-time physical activity status was significantly higher among men born in Arabic-speaking countries, in All other countries, and among women born in Yugoslavia, Poland, Arabic-speaking countries, and the category 'all other countries', compared to the reference group born in Sweden. The multivariate analysis including age, sex, and education did not alter these results. Conclusion. There were significant ethnic differences in leisure-time physical activity status. This is a CVD risk factor that could be affected by intervention programs aimed at specific ethnic subgroups of the population.