Security Of Voting Research Articles

Distributed Anonymous e-Voting Method Based on Smart Contract Authentication

With the development of science and technology, the traditional centralized ballot management will lead to the risk of an opaque voting process and tampering of back-end data, and it can no longer meet the requirements of e-voting transparency and anonymity, while the distributed blockchain technology, with its features of being transparent and tamper-proof, can well solve the problems in traditional e-voting and make the ballot firmly in the hands of users. To make each node reach consensus, each node can access the complete shared ledger, and malicious nodes can analyze the transaction information in the ledger to obtain users’ voting information, which makes anonymity impossible to guarantee. We propose a blockchain technology-based voting record synchronization model and an anonymous authentication model, using zk-SNARK and Merkle tree technology, that achieve user authentication and anonymous voting. In this scheme, the user’s random identity address is inserted into the Merkle tree, and when voting, it is only necessary to prove that the user’s identity address is in the tree to complete anonymous voting without revealing the user’s real identity. This scheme meets the basic requirements of electronic voting and ensures the reliability and security of voting.

Iraqi E-Voting System Based on Smart Contract Using Private Blockchain Technology

In democratic societies including Iraq, electronic voting (e-voting) is an available option as a viable voting system. This system is more economically advisable than face-to-face voting by eliminating the need to pay poll staff. It may also make voting more accessible to the population with impairments and those living overseas. This study will propose an e-voting system based on smart contracts by using a decentralized private Blockchain. The proposed e-voting system will provide transparency, accuracy, fairness, eligibility, anonymity, verifiability, and immutability. This research proposed the most secure way of voting with the help of Blockchain using a mobile application that can be used to implement a large-scale solution and cost-effective. The Blockchain-based system has been designed in conjunction with the existing ECC cryptosystem to assure the dependability, anonymity, and security of votes and voters. The system that has been developed can be used to properly conduct elections, using a quick response code (QR Code), face recognition, and fingerprint for identification before casting a ballot to ensure eligibility. This results in using mobile smartphones in the voting process where voters can observe the transparency of their votes. Furthermore, eliminates the possibility of fraud and manipulation of the votes made due to the used blockchain for secure storage.

Risks and Benefits of i-Voting in Public Opinion: Evidence from Poland

Apart from benefits, internet voting security is most frequently discussed by opponents and supporters of this form of electoral participation. Although this voting method is not available in Poland, the debate on the implementation of i-voting appears in each election. The COVID-19 pandemic showed a great need to implement additional remote voting methods in the elections, and increasingly more countries are considering the introduction of i-vote in the future. Although there is no plan for the nearest future in Poland, citizens' opinions suggest that this voting procedure would meet many of its users. The paper's main aim is to analyse Poles' opinions about the risks and benefits of internet voting. The results of our own studies are based on a survey among Poles regarding their views on internet voting. The main goal is to verify if Poles more often highlight the benefits than risks of i-voting, and if the opinions about risks and benefits of i-voting differ depending on respondents’ sex, age, education and domicile.

A Secure Digital E-Voting Using Blockchain Technology

In digital electronic voting security is always the biggest anxiety. In existing system, the EVM system used, when compare to the conventional paper ballot system EVM reduces the time for casting vote and result announcement, but still having many issues there is the risk that the election authorities can able to change or remove the vote therefore chances for violating its secrecy. The entire system may rigged by any third party. Blockchain technology provide secure electronic voting platform, which is a decentralized, peer-to-peer transaction ledger enables every vote that is casted will be consider as an individual transaction which creates transparent and secure environment for elections, where the users will be able to cast their votes only once and will be able to view the total votes casted in real time without having the permission to edit the same after election gets over. These votes will be counted and the results will then be announced. This work achieves by solving the issues of digital voting systems and a mechanism to boost the number of voters and their trust in the electoral process.

Cryptography Implementation for electronic voting security

Electronic voting is done by recording election data centrally and presenting it into fast digital information. E-voting is an internet technology, which aims to improve the performance of the voting process, and is expected to be a breakthrough in technological development that helps human work. Security constraints in e-voting include the distribution of voting, for example voters who distribute voting rights, are illegitimate and can abuse voters’ rights, because they know the voter’s account to access the system. This study implements cryptographic methods as a password security for voter accounts, and the results of voting, so that the secrecy of the voters’ data and the results of voting are maintained. RSA algorithm to implement cryptographic techniques based on two mathematical problems, namely factorization and modulo operations on composite numbers, which use two different keys for encryption and decryption processes. The public key is used encryption process to encode text, and the private key is used description process, namely translating ciphertext into plaintext.

Constitutional right of citizens to initiate amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation

The article describes a new form of democracy – direct citizen participation in the all-Russian voting on the amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation. Justifying this form of direct democracy, the authors suggest to regulate all-Russian voting in the Federal law “On the Procedure for the Adoption and Entry into Force of Amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation" or in a different specific Federal law”. The high degree of legitimacy of the adopted amendments to the basic law of the country is confirmed by large-scale public surveillance of the legality, openness, and security of voting during the coronavirus infection. The leading coordination role in organizing public monitoring of all-Russian voting belongs to the Public Chamber of the Russian Federation and public chambers of Russian regions. In the article it is suggested to regulate public surveillance as a form of public control over elections and voting in the Federal law “On the Bases of Public Control in the Russian Federation”, extending its effect to electoral public relations.

Electronic Voting Security 10 Years after the Help America Vote Act

Merle S. King, executive director of the Center for Election Systems at Kennesaw State University, and Brian Hancock, director of voting system testing and certification at the US Election Assistance Commission (EAC), discuss e-voting security 10 years after the Help American Vote Act (HAVA).

Analyzing internet voting security

An extensive assessment of a proposed Internet-based voting system.