Security Of Power Plant Research Articles

Monitoring through AI Based Remote Access Vehicle in Hydro Power Plant

The development of hydroelectric power is essential to the production of sustainable energy. Continuous monitoring and maintenance are necessary to guarantee the safe and effective functioning of hydroelectric plants. A revolutionary method for improving the security, effectiveness, and monitoring capacities of hydroelectric power plants is presented in the project "Monitoring through AI-Based Remote Access Vehicle in Hydro Power Plant."This creative project uses cutting-edge technologies, such as Bluetooth connectivity, artificial intelligence (AI), Raspberry Pi, and sensor systems, to develop a remotely controlled car that is specifically designed to meet the demands of hydroelectric power plant conditions. Real-time object detection and obstacle avoidance are made possible by this configuration, guaranteeing safe passage across the complex industrial infrastructure.Incorporating a temperature sensor also makes it easier to identify fire situations early on, while a water-detecting sensor protects against water leaks. By utilizing AI algorithms for object recognition, vehicles can detect and react to impediments in a proactive manner, hence decreasing the likelihood of accidents. As sentinels, the temperature and water leakage sensors keep an eye on things constantly and send out alarms right once if anything seems out of the ordinary. Reduced reliance on in-person inspections due to remote monitoring capabilities results in lower costs and more dependability. To sum up, this initiative tackles important issues pertaining to hydro power plant maintenance, efficiency, and safety

Development of a flow intrusion model for effectiveness evaluation in nuclear power plant security system

The fundamental purpose of the security system in a nuclear power plant is to thwart any adversary attempting to breach the facility by means of detection, delay, and response. This study introduces a novel flow intrusion model (FIM) that integrates the EASI method and Bayesian Attack Tree to assess the effectiveness and sensitivity of the security system. In contrast to the conventional effectiveness evaluation technique, which utilizes the enumeration method to compute the vulnerable path, the FIM method concentrates on a thorough analysis of the dynamic and static risks inherent in the security system. To facilitate a practical analysis of the FIM, a minimum case is presented.

Ensuring economic security of thermal power plants with accelerated decarbonization of the energy industry

The article highlights the results of a detailed study of the Report of the Institute of Economics and Forecasting of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine “Economically justified approach to the introduction of the National Emission Reduction Plan in Ukraine based on the experience of reducing emissions of harmful pollutants into the air by large combustion plants in Europe” and considers the European experience of state support thermal power plants/ thermal power plants. It was emphasized that among the mechanisms that were used and continue to be used to support coal generation, the most significant in terms of funding are the transitional payment mechanism, which is currently used in Poland, Germany, Portugal, the Czech Republic, Greece, Italy, and contracts for difference, which are still used in Austria, Denmark, the Netherlands, Great Britain, etc. countries It is justified that for Ukraine it is more expedient to finance reconstruction/modernization/technical re-equipment projects using the transitional payment mechanism, for which the transitional payment before payment will be calculated: for household consumers – as the product of the corresponding rate of transitional payment for final household consumers (UAH/month) and the number of household consumers connected to the network of this distribution system operator; for non-household consumers – as the product of the corresponding transitional payment rate (UAH/kWh) and the amount of electricity consumed by final non-household consumers. The inclusion in this way of a transitional payment to electricity supply tariffs (which include the cost of purchasing electricity on the market, the cost of services for its distribution and transmission, as well as the cost of the services of the electricity supplier) will not have a significant impact on their growth for both domestic and non-domestic consumers, instead, it will allow to have additional revenues, which the thermal power station/ thermal power plant will be able to direct to finance projects for their reconstruction/modernization/technical re-equipment. The introduction of transitional payment can definitely serve as only one of the alternative options for financing the implementation of projects for the modernization of thermal power plants/thermal power plants and, accordingly, ensuring their economic security, but it does not finally resolve the issue of financial support for the implementation of projects for the reconstruction/modernization/re-equipment of thermal power plants, which are provided for by the National Reduction Plan emissions from large combustion plants.

A Research Trend on Anonymous Signature and Authentication Methods for Privacy Invasion Preventability on Smart Grid and Power Plant Environments

A smart grid is an intelligent power grid. In recent years, the smart grid environment and its applications are incorporated into a variety of areas. The smart grid environment, however, can expose much more information than the old environments. In the environment, smart devices can be media in the exposure of various and specific pieces of information as well as energy consumption. This poses a huge risk in that it, combined with other pieces of information, may expose much more information. The current smart grid environment raises a need to develop anonymous signature and authentication techniques to prevent privacy breaches. Trying to meet this need, the principal investigator conducted research for three years. This paper discusses both the research trends investigated by him and the limitations of the development research and future research in need. Smart grid security requires the development of encrypted anonymous authentication that is applicable to power plant security, including nuclear power plants as well as expandable test beds.

Development of a Flow Intrusion Model for Effectiveness Evaluation in Nuclear Power Plant Security System

Development of a Flow Intrusion Model for Effectiveness Evaluation in Nuclear Power Plant Security System

Smart grid and nuclear power plant security by integrating cryptographic hardware chip

Present electric grids are advanced to integrate smart grids, distributed resources, high-speed sensing and control, and other advanced metering technologies. Cybersecurity is one of the challenges of the smart grid and nuclear plant digital system. It affects the advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), for grid data communication and controls the information in real-time. The research article is emphasized solving the nuclear and smart grid hardware security issues with the integration of field programmable gate array (FPGA), and implementing the latest Time Authenticated Cryptographic Identity Transmission (TACIT) cryptographic algorithm in the chip. The cryptographic-based encryption and decryption approach can be used for a smart grid distribution system embedding with FPGA hardware. The chip design is carried in Xilinx ISE 14.7 and synthesized on Virtex-5 FPGA hardware. The state of the art of work is that the algorithm is implemented on FPGA hardware that provides the scalable design with different key sizes, and its integration enhances the grid hardware security and switching. It has been reported by similar state-of-the-art approaches, that the algorithm was limited in software, not implemented in a hardware chip. The main finding of the research work is that the design predicts the utilization of hardware parameters such as slices, LUTs, flip-flops, memory, input/output blocks, and timing information for Virtex-5 FPGA synthesis before the chip fabrication. The information is extracted for 8-bit to 128-bit key and grid data with initial parameters. TACIT security chip supports 400 MHz frequency for 128-bit key. The research work is an effort to provide the solution for the industries working towards embedded hardware security for the smart grid, power plants, and nuclear applications.

Python TensorFlow Big Data Analysis for the Security of Korean Nuclear Power Plants

The Republic of Korea also suffered direct and indirect damages from the Fukushima nuclear accident in Japan and realized the significance of security due to the cyber-threat to the Republic of Korea Hydro and Nuclear Power Co., Ltd. With such matters in mind, this study sought to suggest a measure for improving security in the nuclear power plant. Based on overseas cyber-attack cases and attacking scenario on the control facility of the nuclear power plant, the study designed and proposed a nuclear power plant control network traffic analysis system that satisfies the security requirements and in-depth defense strategy. To enhance the security of the nuclear power plant, the study collected data such as internet provided to the control facilities, network traffic of intranet, and security equipment events and compared and verified them with machine learning analysis. After measuring the accuracy and time, the study proposed the most suitable analysis algorithm for the power plant in order to realize power plant security that facilitates real-time detection and response in the event of a cyber-attack. In this paper, we learned how to apply data for multiple servers and apply various security information as data in the security application using logs, and match with regard to application of character data such as file names. We improved by applying gender, and we converted to continuous data by resetting based on the risk of non-continuous data, and two optimization algorithms were applied to solve the problem of overfitting. Therefore, we think that there will be a contribution in the connection experiment of the data decision part and the optimization algorithm to learn the security data.

Research on fault diagnosis of coal mill system based on the simulated typical fault samples

Abstract The operation state of coal mill is related to the security and stability operation of coal-fired power plant. In this paper, a fault diagnosis method of coal mill system based on the simulated typical fault samples is proposed. By analyzing the fault mechanism, fault features are simulated based on the model of coal mill, and massive fault samples are obtained. Then, according to the time series difference of different types of fault, the stacked automatic encoder is established to reduce the dimension of fault data. Furthermore, by learning and classifying the features of fault data after dimensionality reduction, the fault identification of coal mill system can be realized. Simulation results show that the model-based fault simulation can effectively solve the problem of fault samples acquisition, the proposed fault diagnosis method has highly accuracy and can effectively monitor the running status of the coal mill system.

Voice Classification Based on Fast Independent Component Analysis to Support Nuclear Power Plant Security

National vital objects have important role in national development,so they require special protection. Nuclear power plant (NPP) is one of them. Access restriction is required to prevent the NPP from potential hazards. The restriction can be improved by using face, fingerprints, retina, iris, and voice password. The improvement will enhance the security of the NPP. This research has implemented pattern recognition and classification of voice passwords. The passwords were a, i, u, e, and o. The features vector was searched by using Fast ICA method while the pattern classification was performed by minimum Euclidean method. The purpose of this research is to recognize and classify those letter password, so people who have access to the nuclear area can be distinguished. The methodology of this research consists of input data, pre-processing data, feature extraction, and classification. Pre-processing was done by normalization, denoising, centering, and whitening. Feature extraction was performed by Fast ICA method, and classification was done by minimum Euclidean distance. The results show that Fast ICA and minimum Euclidean methods can 100 % distinguish between the employees who have access permit and those who have no access permit. When an employee with access permit says aiueo”, it will be recognized as password, whereas when an employee with no access permit says the password, it will be recognized not as the password.

Information Security of Power Plants

The article deals with the main problems of the information security of power plants. Possible probabilities of hacker attacks on individual objects in the energy sector have been investigated. Possible attack scenarios and ways to prevent them are also discussed.

Power Load Forecasting using Back Propagation Algorithm

The day today operation and scheduling activities of a power generation unit requires the forecast of power demand to meet the needs of the consumers. Load forecasting is categorized into short, medium and long term forecasts. The short term prediction refers to hourly load forecast for the period lasting from an hour to more than a few days. The medium term forecasts is prediction of power load ranging from one to several months ahead. Finally, the long term forecast indicates prediction of power load ranging from one to many years in near future. Excellence of short term hourly power load forecast has a considerable effect on cost effective functioning of power plants because numerous assessments are dependent on these forecasts. These assessments comprise cost effective scheduling of power plants, scheduling of coal acquisition, power plant security consideration, and planning for energy related business. The significance of precise load forecasts will reduce the wastage of power in the future because of remarkable changes taking place in the structure of power generation industries due to deregulation and heavy competition. This situation creates thrust on the power generation sectors to function at maximum possible efficiency, which leads to precise forecasting of the power load.

Security-Constrained Unit Commitment With Natural Gas Pipeline Transient Constraints

The interdependencies of power systems and natural gas networks have increased due to the additional installations of more environmental-friendly and fast-ramping natural gas power plants. The natural gas transmission network constraints and the use of natural gas for other types of loads can affect the delivery of natural gas to generation units. These interdependencies will affect the power system security and economics in day-ahead and real-time operations. Hence, it is imperative to analyze the impact of natural gas network constraints on the security-constrained unit commitment (SCUC) problem. In particular, it is important to include natural gas and electricity network transients in the integrated system security because the impacts of any disturbances propagate at two distinctly different speeds in natural gas and electricity networks. Thus, analyzing the transient behavior of the natural gas network on the security of natural gas power plants would be essential as these plants are considered to be very flexible in electricity networks. This paper presents a method for solving the SCUC problem considering the transient behavior of the natural gas transmission network. The applicability of the presented method and the accuracy of the proposed solution are demonstrated for the IEEE 118-bus power system, which is linked with the natural gas transmission system and the results are discussed in this paper.

Application of Face Recognition in Nuclear Power Plant Security System

Application of Face Recognition in Nuclear Power Plant Security System

Fatigue Lifetime Estimation of a Heater in Coal-Fired Power Plants Under a Flexible Operational Framework-Regulating Extraction Steam of High-Pressure Heaters

Although rapid load variation of coal-fired power plants has become a prior objective for improving the operational flexibility, it will cause a lifetime reduction of heaters due to alternating stresses during transient processes. In the paper, among four flexible regulating measures, the dynamic characteristics of thermal parameters were obtained by GSE software, and thermo-mechanical stresses of 1# high-pressure (HP) heater were calculated by Finite Element Analysis, then the fatigue lifetimes of 1# HP heater were estimated and compared. It turns out that the most stressed position is at water chamber baffle, the allowable numbers of cycles at four measures are 5913-9419, and fatigue damage ratios for per cycle are 0.0106-0.0169%. The study can provide a detailed reference for operators to ensure the operational security of coal-fired power plants within flexibility frameworks.

Legal and Regulatory Development of Nuclear Energy in Bangladesh

The adequacy of legal and regulatory framework relating to nuclear energy in Bangladesh has sparked many questions since the government took the formal decision to establish a nuclear power plant (NPP) at Rooppur. Consequently, the government has taken some measures to make a comprehensive and robust framework to ensure safe and secure nuclear energy production in the country. Even though these initiatives are highly appreciable, there remain certain regulatory concerns which this paper has attempted to reflect. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to showcase the recent legal and regulatory development of Bangladesh in relation to nuclear energy and to recommend further developments. The study was based on secondary sources where a doctrinal research was carried out to solve particular research questions. The safety and security of the Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant will frankly rely on how the government of Bangladesh plans and learns to implement, design, safeguard, exchange and further develop nuclear energy related knowledge and talent around the country.

The economic security of power plants

Currently, power plants in Poland have to work in a very uncomfortable situation. Unstable market conditions and frequent changes in the law may have serious adverse consequences for their economic security. Power plants play a very important role in the economy. The effectiveness of their performance affects the activity of all other businesses. Therefore, it is very important to provide a definition of economic security for the power plants’ sector and the factors determining its level. Maintaining economic security will allow energy generation companies to grow in a sustainable way as well as limit operational risk. A precise definition can also be used to create analytical tools for economic security measurement and monitoring. Proper usage of such tools can help energy generation companies sustain their economic security and properly plan their capital expenditures. The article focuses on the definition of economic security in the “micro” context of a separate business unit (enterprise). We also present an analytical model that measures economic security of a company engaged in the production of energy - a company of strategic importance for the national economy. The model uses macroeconomic variables, variables describing prices of raw material and legal / political stability in the country, as well as selected financial indicators. The appliance of conclusions resulting from the model’s implementation will help provide economic security for companies generating energy.

English

The flow field in the hyperbolic natural draft wet-cooling tower, which has great effects on the economy and security of power plant, was studied through numerical simulation. The mathematical model was established and analysed in order to optimize the cooling-tower and to evaluate its efficiency and a Numerical study on a channelchimney system was carried out in order to elucidate the behaviour of heat transfer and fluid flow. A 2D CFD model of natural draught Cooling tower and chimney like heat sink plate is developed the Euler multiphase model was used to simulate the heat and mass transfer in a natural draught cooling tower rain zone and the RNG turbulent model with the dispersed option is used for the turbulence modeling of multiphase flow. The results are presented in terms of local air temperature measurements inside the symmetrically heated channel and between the adiabatic extensions.

Analysis of the Power Plant Security Management Capability Based on the ISM and AHP

This paper sets the thermal power plant security management system as the research object. First of all, with the application of the Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM), we establish a multi-level hierarchical structure model on analysis of the influencing factors of thermal power plant security management. Furthermore, based on the structure model, we use the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to determine weights of all the influencing factors, in order to identify the main factors. Finally, according to the identified main factors, we provide several suggestions for security management of thermal power plant.

Wartime Nuclear Power Plant Security Protection Research

Nuclear power as an important energy which benefits human being,is being more and more widely used in many countries all over the world. Under the condition of information war, threat to nuclear power plant security from precision weapon and terrorist attack is serious. This paper analyzes major threats nuclear power plant be facing to in wartime such as obvious exposure symptoms, limited own protections and large impact on the war potential. Then several main methods are discussed to strengthen safety protection of nuclear power plant. Firstly, strive to improve the early warning ability of nuclear power plant. By this means, more time can be obtained to make nuclear power plant protection to prepare. Secondly, counterattacks, interference and disguise simultaneously should build another effective barrier. In the last, it is considered that research on protection and rescue of nuclear power station should be strengthened also.

Nuclear Power Plants Safety and Maintenance

With growing concerns about global warming, building more nuclear power plants is becoming one of the inevitable options to provide the world’s electricity. This is mainly because nuclear power is considered as the major source of “carbon-free” energy. Currently, extensive preventive maintenance, inspection, andmonitoring programs are developed to ensure safe and reliable operation of nuclear power plants. These programs involve safety analysis codes, equipment health monitoring, degradation-specific inspections, and plant lifecycle management (PLM). Although extensive effort has been invested to develop such programs, nuclear power plants continue to experience problems and therefore more accurate analysis and related researchwork still receive a great attention. This is mainly because the unresolved safety problems or lack in systems monitoring often causes significant safety-related events at nuclear power plants. Therefore, the demand for applied research work continues to grow in order tomitigate such events, increase the plant capacity factor, and gain public support for nuclear power as an alternative power source. This special issue identifies and analyzes major practical problems in nuclear energy and it contains 7 articles out of 14 articles that were initially received for publication. Even with the limited number of articles presented in this special issue, a wide range of topics are covered to present different experiences from several nuclear power plants and research institutions around the world. These topics are gathered in this issue to present the best engineering analyses, research effort, and practice with as little prejudice as possible. The issue starts by the novel method for optimization of the maintenance activities presented by A. Volkanovski and L. Cizelj in the nuclear power plant in order to improve plant safety. The authors consider different constraints on the optimization of the maintenance activities in the nuclear power plants. Three severe accident sequences of nuclear plants are discussed by G. Shao et al. to show that the natural circulation phenomenon results in heat transfer from the core to the pipes in RCS and consequently may cause the creep rupture of pipes in RCS and delay the severe accident progression. Also, S. Liu et al. were able to show that thermal stress failure caused by alternating operational loads is one of the important damage mechanisms in the nuclear power plants. Furthermore, R. K. Ur et al. discuss the impact of instrumentation and control components on the architecture of reactor protection systems. On the numerical and statistical analysis side, the article of S. U.-D. Khan et al. presents a modification to the neutron kinetics code, which originally works for the cylindrical type fuel elements, to plate type fuel nuclear reactor. Moreover, the study performed by M. El Nakla et al. has stressed the importance of the local scale observation leading to better understanding of the CHF phenomena in large pipe. They were able to predict the occurrence of critical heat flux in horizontal tubes using an extra correction factor to account for flow stratification. Finally, T. H. Woo contributed to this special issue with a paper on the nuclear power plant security. He presented dynamical assessment, which helps operator to find the dangerous situation in the site and avoid possible incidents that could be a catastrophe for theNPPs.We believe that this special issue provides interesting information on the recent progress in nuclear power research.