Security Institutions Research Articles

Europe's Super‐Rich: Towards Oligarchic Constitutional Order

AbstractThis article addresses an important but understudied puzzle in European Union Studies: the super‐rich's influence on domestic and transnational discourses, policies and institutions for wealth defence, security and legitimacy. It examines the super‐rich's impact on democratic governance and human rights claims of marginalized groups, and how states, civil society and non‐oligarchic entities contest oligarchic rule. The article proposes a research agenda to determine if Europe can be seen as an oligarchic constitutional order, characterized by governance practices and authority structures deeply intertwined with the super‐rich's interests in transnational and domestic politics. The framework in this research agenda underscores how institutional arrangements, legitimating principles, regulatory practices and procedural systems increasingly favour the super‐rich, reflecting a dominant mode of transnational governance rooted in extreme socio‐economic stratification. The research agenda aims to elucidate the tension between wealth and democratic governance, particularly how policies and normative discourses often align with the super‐rich's interests despite resistance from marginalized groups.

Fertility Preservation in Postpubertal Males Undergoing Cancer Treatment in a Middle-Income Country: Is it Possible Despite the Barriers?

Increased survival rates in childhood cancer have led to an emphasis on the importance of treatment-related infertility. Fertility preservation methods should be explained to every patient and their families (PaFs) before treatment. Establishing good communication with PaFs is crucial in this regard despite many barriers such as cultural and financial barriers. Routine feasibility of sperm preservation (SP) in adolescent males newly diagnosed with cancer was evaluated after the implementation of reimbursement for the procedure and storage by the national healthcare system. Males <18 years of age planned to undergo cancer treatment between 2021 and 2023 were included. Patient and their families were informed by the treating physician about the disease, treatment modality, side effects, the importance of SP, and the method. Information about the purpose and technique of SP was provided to the patient alone in a comfortable environment. Questions from PaFs were answered, and consent was obtained. The procedure and storage cost was covered by the social security institution. Seventeen patients (median age 15) (15 with bone/soft tissue sarcoma, 1 brain tumor, and 1 Hodgkin lymphoma) were included. There were no refusals for SP. Eleven patients were able to provide sperm samples. Of the 6 patients who could not provide sperm, 3 stated embarrassment, 2 anxiety, and 1 cancer-related pain. Increasing awareness among physicians about the importance of treatment-related infertility, allocating sufficient time to inform PaFs about fertility preservation, and providing information taking into account societal or socio-cultural factors will contribute to preventing treatment-related infertility. Establishing close communication with the Reproductive Health Center (RHC), along with the rapid and cost-free nature of the procedure, enhances success.

AS OPERAÇÕES COM CÃES COMO FERRAMENTA DE MENOR POTENCIAL OFENSIVO NA GESTÃO DA SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA NO BRASIL

This work was developed during professional experience within a public security institution at the municipal level, formed by men, women and dogs, based on hierarchy and discipline, where I have the honor to serve for approximately 18 years and currently, whose focus is in the administration and direction of the CANIL unit of this institution, in the resources allocated and developed by each department, as well as highlighting all the work carried out by the sectors and agents that make up this respective specialized unit. Contextualizing the work of the police dog (K9) and its tutors in contemporary times, aiming at meeting the priorities contained in the planning prepared by the institution's "CANIL" unit. Priorities that are a national reference for excellence in the provision of services in operations and presentations with their dogs (K9), thus increasing satisfaction and credibility, not only with organizations that also enjoy the services provided by the CANIL of the Metropolitan Civil Guard of the city of São Paulo, but the main consumer of public security services, the citizen. Always concerned about the welfare of our animals.

The Criminal Prosecution for the Crime of Electronic threat According to Jordanian Legislation

This study addresses an important and emerging topic, which is electronic threat crimes and their criminal consequences according to the new Jordanian Cybercrime Law of 2023. The study is divided into two sections. The first section discusses the legal nature of electronic threat crimes, divided into two parts: the nature of electronic threat crimes and the elements of electronic threat crimes. The second section discusses the mechanism of combating electronic threat crimes, also divided into two parts: how to prove electronic threat crimes and the penalty for threat crimes using electronic means. The study concludes with important findings that highlight the need for specialized teams to investigate electronic threat crimes and adapt to modern developments in dealing with intelligent criminals who possess different characteristics from traditional criminals. The conclusion also includes recommendations to establish units within security institutions to handle electronic threat crimes, receive threat reports, and develop high-level skills to track such intelligent criminals.

APOSENTADORIA RURAL POR IDADE E OS MEIOS DE PROVAS NECESSÁRIAS PARA A CONCESSÃO DO BENEFÍCIO DIREITO PREVIDENCIÁRIO

This work addresses the analysis of the necessary requirements for granting the rural retirement benefit to rural workers, taking into account their difficulties and facilities for granting the benefit, after the various system updates until the benefit is granted. This sets out the approach method used in this article, which will be deductive where the general arguments will be analyzed. Its objective is to analyze and understand the various situations encountered and faced by special insured persons when applying for retirement, to list the difficulties in proving their rights, which in most cases occurs through proof of facts that are not registered, and to estimate the facilities established by the National Social Security Institute (INSS), which simplify the social security administrative process. Thus, to characterize the obstacles and difficulties during the process of granting retirement by age, promoting the verification of the essential elements that make up this set of means, the changes during the administrative social security process and in the legislation regarding rural retirement by rural age, as well as the difficulty in proving the exercise of rural activity, a burden that lies with you.

Having paid work 1 year after disability claim in different types of mental and behavioural disorders

Abstract Background The majority of claimants diagnosed with a mental and/or behavioral disorder have residual work capacity, however, the chance of actual (return to) work after a disability claim assessment may differ within this diagnosis group depending on the specific type of disease. The aim of this study is to examine the associations of different mental and behavioural diseases with having paid employment one year after the claim assessment. Methods This longitudinal register based cohort study included all work disability applicants with mental and behavioural disorders assessed with residual work capacity in the Netherlands in 2016. Data were derived from the Dutch Social Security Institute (UWV) and were linked to register data on paid employment. ICD codes were used to categorize 11 disease groups (mental retardation, autism spectrum disorders, ADHD, somatoform disorders, adjustment disorders, PTSS, anxiety, personality disorders, mood affective disorders, addictions and delusional disorders. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted separately for applicants who work and not work at time of the claim assessment. Results A total of 8544 claimants (mean age 45, 56% female; n = 1915 work at baseline) were included. In the working group being diagnosed with ADHD (OR 3.05, CI 1.08-8.61) or PTSS (OR 1.45, CI 1.04-2.02) was associated with paid work, and adjustment disorder was negatively associated (OR 0.74, CI 0.56-0.97). In the not-working group, autism spectrum disorder (OR 1.51, CI 1.02-2.22), personality disorder (OR 1.36, CI 1.02-1.81) and addiction (OR 1.94, CI 1.32-2.86) was associated with return to work, and somatoform (OR 0.51, CI 0.31-0.84) disorders and mood affective disorders (OR 0.83, CI 0.70-0.99) were negatively associated. Conclusions The findings of this study show different associations between type of mental and behavioural disease groups and paid employment one year after the claim assessment. Key messages • The association of either remaining at work or return to work is different among mental and behavioural diagnosis groups, therefore a different approach is indicated. • Active interventions to facilitate return to or remain at work might be indicated in specific diagnosis groups.

Obowiązek „dalszego zatrudnienia” regulowany art. 7555 Kodeksu postępowania cywilnego jako forma zabezpieczenia powództwa (byłego) pracownika

In his work, the author describes and evaluates the institution of securing labour claims by imposing an obligation on the employer to continue employing the employee until the proceedings have become final, introduced in Art. 7555 of the Civil Procedure Code. First, a description of the legal nature of the new type of security is made. In the next part, the author defines the catalogue of entities entitled to benefit from the security of Art. 7555 of the Civil Procedure Code, analysing the concept of an employee subject to special protection against termination of the employment relationship with or without notice. In addition, the study fleshes out the formal issues related to the application for security under Art. 7555 of the Civil Procedure Code and the issuance of an order granting such security. This is followed by a consideration of the permissibility of amending a security order that has been issued, and an analysis of the concept of “continued employment,” particularly in terms of what the obligation to continue employment means for the employer and what is the legal status of the entitled person during the period of security. The author also presents the issue of the compulsory execution of the issued security order and indicated when the security ceases. The work also considers the issue of the permissibility of the termination of the employment relationship established in the execution of the freezing order under Art. 7555 of the Civil Procedure Code. In addition, the author discusses in his considerations the rules of settlement between the parties when the action of the employee-author is dismissed. Also included are comments on the applicability of the provisions of Art. 7555 of the Civil Procedure Code to a change notice. Finally, the author evaluates the institution of security under Art. 7555 of the Civil Procedure Code, in which, while referring positively to the very concept of introducing a means of protecting employee claims, he points out the critically assessed aspects of the new regulation.

The Fortress State: Extreme Militarization in Jordan

Abstract Jordan is one of the most militarized states in the world. Why? Traditional explanations hold that the kingdom’s bloated armed forces and security institutions reflect authoritarian dynamics and frequent regional wars. However, such popular arguments falter. Jordan has not been a primary combatant to any major conflict for a half-century, and it is no more authoritarian than other Arab autocracies. This essay instead suggests that militarization begets militarization. In political terms, Jordan’s coercive apparatus underpins the tribal coalitional bargain that sustains the Hashemite monarchy. It also paradoxically breeds the very domestic insecurity that it purports to prevent. By exhausting the economy, extreme militarization has spawned public unrest spurred by high unemployment and fiscal crises. And by necessitating a pro-Western foreign policy, it has attracted regional terrorism and triggered further domestic dissent. In sum, Jordanian militarization persists not from exogenous structural forces, but the deliberate choices of its political architects.

Legal regulation of the securities institute in the context of integration of new regions of Russia

Before joining the Russian Federation, the Donetsk and Lugansk People’s Republics already had their own, Russia-oriented, experience in legal regulation in the financial market. The Zaporozhye and Kherson regions are moving into the Russian legal field directly from the law of Ukraine. The Ukrainian legislation, focused on the law of the European Union, provides for a wider range of equity securities than the Russian one, it is also clearer and more structured, therefore, an investor in the securities market, according to the author, will feel more comfortable in the Ukrainian legal field than in the Russian one. However, Russia has a longer experience of legal regulation of modern stock market instruments and the application of relevant norms. The effective integration of new regions into the Russian legal field would be facilitated by the streamlining of legal norms in our country concerning the institution of securities.

The technopolitics of border security R&amp;D: Shaping the EU’s border in the Security Research Programme

Technologies are predominantly understood as ‘solutions’ for policy problems in EU border control. This has prompted increased political attention to research and development (R&amp;D) of ‘innovative’ security technologies. The European Commission has continuously increased its spending on the development of security devices in the Security Research Programme; at the same time, border security institutions such as Frontex or eu-LISA have worked to amplify their influence on shaping security research in the EU’s Research Framework Programmes. Against this backdrop, this article develops the argument that R&amp;D is a political practice of ‘making’ and governing the border through its entanglement with the politics of border security in the EU. By conceptualizing R&amp;D as ‘borderwork’, the article interrogates how practices of security R&amp;D inscribes specific logics into EU border security and control. In doing this, it also problematizes how R&amp;D locks in exclusionary dichotomies and categorizations of mobilities through privileging security actors in the process. Based on qualitative interviews, the article provides an in-depth analysis of political processes through which R&amp;D programmes and projects materialize at policymaking, implementing and operational levels. Through this, the article explores comprehensively how political logics of bordering are constantly shaping and simultaneously renegotiated in R&amp;D.

The evaluation of fine needle aspiration biopsy results in differentiating between benign and malignant thyroid nodules

Introduction: Thyroid fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) has begun playing an important role in the evaluation of thyroid nodules, in addition to physical examination and imaging techniques. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of patients who underwent thyroid FNAB together with their demographic data, imaging findings, and follow-up compliance. Methods: Patients who underwent thyroid FNAB procedures in our hospital’s interventional radiology unit between January 2022 and May 2024 were evaluated retrospectively. Data were retrieved from patient records. Cytological results were classified as malignant, atypia of undetermined significance, benign, and non-diagnostic material. Results: Two hundred twelve solid nodules were detected in the patients who underwent biopsy, and 59 mixed nodules with a cystic component. Non-diagnostic material was reported in 51 cases at cytological examination, benign cytology in 150, atypia of undetermined significance in 53, and malignant material in 17. The incidence of non-diagnostic results was significantly higher in hypoechoic nodules and low-volume nodules. Conclusions: Thyroid FNAB is a valuable diagnostic tool due to its ease of application and provision of useful information in benign-malignant differentiation. Once it becomes capable of application by primary physicians and local state hospitals in Türkiye it will reduce delayed diagnoses, unnecessary surgical procedures, and economic burdens on social security institutions.

Legal personhood and care for elderly parents in Indonesia

In one of her last articles, K. von Benda-Beckmann explores the notion of embeddedness of persons in their social world and how this relates to their duty of care (2021). She found that there may be different degrees of embeddedness; that some people are not only bounded to their social relations and environment, but also that their selves extended to include their social world. She suggested a differentiated analysis that could account for these differences and expects this to benefit in understanding care relations and, on a practical front, to offer unexpected strategies in dealing with injuries. This paper continues this framework by looking into legal pluralism and the relinquishing of legal personhood of elderly parents across different levels of social organizations, from the decision-making within families and into the courtrooms. What are the reasons for- and how are individuals being declared as no longer having agency or legal personhood (legal competency)? How does this relate to extending proper care to family members and (or in opposition to) others? And in more abstract terms, how is law translated from cognitive conception to become institutionalized or systematized? Through an analysis of court decisions and interviews, this paper demonstrates the relationship between social security and dependency. It studies the complex ways in which individual and collective human agency relates to social security structures and institutions.

Osteoporosis-Definition, risk assessment, diagnosis, prevention and treatment (update 2024) : Guidelines of the Austrian Society for Bone and Mineral Research

Austria is among the countries with the highest incidence and prevalence of osteoporotic fractures worldwide. Guidelines for the prevention and management of osteoporosis were first published in 2010 under the auspices of the then Federation of Austrian Social Security Institutions and updated in 2017. The present comprehensively updated guidelines of the Austrian Society for Bone and Mineral Research are aimed at physicians of all specialties as well as decision makers and institutions in the Austrian healthcare system. The aim of these guidelines is to strengthen and improve the quality of medical care of patients with osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures in Austria. These evidence-based recommendations were compiled taking randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews and meta-analyses as well as European and international reference guidelines published before 1June 2023 into consideration. The grading of recommendations used ("conditional" and "strong") are based on the strength of the evidence. The evidence levels used mutual conversions of SIGN (1++ to 3) to NOGG criteria (Ia to IV). The guidelines include all aspects associated with osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures, such as secondary causes, prevention, diagnosis, estimation of the 10-year fracture risk using FRAX®, determination of Austria-specific FRAX®-based intervention thresholds, drug-based and non-drug-based treatment options and treatment monitoring. Recommendations for the office-based setting and decision makers and institutions in the Austrian healthcare system consider structured care models and options for osteoporosis-specific screening. The guidelines present comprehensive, evidence-based information and instructions for the treatment of osteoporosis. It is expected that the quality of medical care for patients with this clinical picture will be substantially improved at all levels of the Austrian healthcare system.

OVERLAPPING MARITIME SECURITY: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR INVESTMENT IN INDONESIA'S EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE

This study examines the state's responsibility in ensuring investment security within Indonesia's Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), analyzing the roles of law enforcement officials and security institutions. The research highlights the importance of a stable regulatory framework and effective maritime security measures to foster a conducive environment for both domestic and foreign investors. It identifies the challenges posed by overlapping authorities among various agencies, which can lead to inconsistent law enforcement and uncertainties that discourage investment. By reviewing relevant laws, regulations, and institutional frameworks, the study emphasizes the need for improved coordination among maritime security agencies, enhanced surveillance technologies, and a comprehensive legal framework. The findings suggest that addressing these challenges will not only protect national interests but also promote investor confidence, unlocking the economic potential of Indonesia's EEZ in sectors such as fisheries, energy, and maritime transportation. Ultimately, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of the intersection between maritime security and investment opportunities, providing valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders involved in Indonesia's maritime governance.

Social intelligence of cadets of the security and defence sector higher education institutions who receive higher education in the specialities of “Law” and “Psychology”

The article emphasises that for the actors of the security and defence sector, solving various communication situations is a constant and important task which can become difficult to perform if the social intelligence abilities are not sufficiently developed. A comparative analysis of the peculiarities of social intelligence abilities of higher education students of higher education institutions of the security and defence sector, who study in the specialities of “Law” and “Psychology”, was carried out. It is emphasized that the specificity of the social situation of the study participants' intellectual abilities development is due to certain features: lockdowns and quarantines of 2020–2021 with the vast majority of distance education, which were caused by the spread of the COVID-19 virus infection; martial law, which has been in force since February 2022. The senior students of Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs and the Military Law Institute of Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University took part in the study. The empirical data were obtained using J. Guilford’s psychodiagnostic methodology for studying social intelligence. It has been found that the general level of social intelligence of most of the surveyed cadets corresponded to the average level. It has been shown that the general level of social intelligence of the cadets studying “Psychology” was higher than that of the cadets studying “Law”. It has been revealed that the differences in the level of social intelligence of the surveyed groups of cadets were due to a statistically significantly higher level of development of the ability to predict the consequences of the behaviour of others in typical conditions among cadets studying “Psychology” and a more developed ability to understand the logic of interaction situations and the significance of people's behaviour in these situations. It has been established that the most developed ability of social intelligence of the study participants studying in the speciality “Law” was the ability to understand the change in the meaning of similar verbal reactions of a person depending on the context of the situation that caused them. It has been argued that the specific social conditions of personality formation of higher education students in recent years have not significantly affected the level of development of their social intelligence abilities. The main directions of development of social intelligence abilities of cadets studying in different specialities are presented.

Balancing efficiency and public interest: The impact of AI automation on social benefit provision in Brazil

This article examines the implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) systems by Brazil's National Social Security Institute (INSS) to automate the granting of social benefits. Using audit reports from government agencies, it analyses the efficiency improvements brought about by AI, such as the speed with which benefits are granted, as well as the unintended consequences of this automation, such as the increase in the number of automatic denials and the creation of barriers for less digitally literate users, disproportionately affecting the most vulnerable populations. The research points to the need for transparency, public justification, adequate risk monitoring tools, governance design, and participation in the implementation of these systems to ensure that they serve the public interest and promote equity. The paper argues that without proper regulation and consideration of ethical principles, AI automation could exacerbate inequalities and undermine trust in public services. The authors conclude by stressing the importance of a balanced approach that weighs in both technological innovation with the public interest.

A RELEVÂNCIA DO ASSISTENTE SOCIAL NA ANÁLISE DO BENEFÍCIO DE PRESTAÇÃO CONTINUADA (BPC/LOAS) À PESSOA COM DEFICIÊNCIA JUNTO AO INSTITUTO NACIONAL DO SEGURO SOCIAL1.

This research consists of discussing the real importance of professional social workers when analyzing the granting of continuous provision benefits carried out by the National Social Security Institute. To this end, the theme of the benefit in question is initially addressed, its concepts, requirements and disability assessment procedure, carried out by social assessment and medical expertise. Understanding the disability assessment tool demonstrates the progress that the inclusion of social services has brought to the concession process. However, it makes it clear that improvements need to be sought to fairly guarantee the rights of the vulnerable population. The study was carried out through a bibliographic and documentary survey, about books, dissertations and scientific articles with an approach around the analyzed topic, with the aim of building a well- founded theoretical framework. In short, it was concluded that the presence of the social worker in the evaluation stages for granting social support is fundamental, although it requires reforms in the evaluation tools used by the social security authority, to achieve the right to social security established in the Brazilian system.

Inner Prison of the NKGB (MGB, KGB) of Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic 1944–1959

This study discloses the 1944-1959 period history of the inner prison of NKGB (Narodny Komissariat Gosudarstvennoy bezopasnosti, English translation – The People‘s Commissariat for State Security) of Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic, including MGB (Ministerstvo Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosti, English translation – the Ministry for State Security) and KGB (Komitet Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosti, English translation – Committee for State Security) as users of this prison. The significance of this prison in the common system of prisons under State Security Institutions is analysed as well as the cases of collaboration with the prisons operating under Ministry of Internal Affairs. Inner prison routine is analysed: living conditions of prisoners, regime, etc. Direct links between the work of the Interrogation Division of the NKGB (MGB, KGB) of Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic and inner prison are disclosed, as well as the procedure of execution at the inner prison. The inner prison was the most important prison of the Soviet secret police organization (Cheka) in Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic – political prisoners of special importance were imprisoned there and interrogated in the Interrogation Division located in the same building. In the first post-war years, the inner prison was overcrowded, and prison conditions were poor. They improved just at the end of the fifth decade, because the number of imprisoned persons decreased, and bunks were installed in the cells. In the first post-war decade, during interrogation sessions, employees at the Interrogation Division used to apply not only psychological violence against prisoners, but physical violence as well. In 1953, officially, physical torture measures were prohibited, still cases of physical torturing of prisoners happened even much later. In the period 1944–1969, death sentences were carried out in the inner prison. Over one quarter of the last century, 1 019 persons were executed. Although an official method of carrying out the capital punishment used to be squad firing, the investigation of remains of those executed and buried in the burial grounds in Tuskulėnai, show that people who had been sentenced to death penalty, sometimes, during first post-war years at least, were just tortured to death.

Methodological aspects of research in information security

The article discusses the research methodology of the basics of information security. A special place is given to the selection of methodological research tools. This selection was made on the basis of the exclusive importance of the field of information provision in interaction with other directions of state building and national security. At the same time, we note that the raised issue has an interdisciplinary nature due to its inherent legal and structural nature: legal, economic (technological), and moral and psychological components. Under such conditions, the philosophical-dialectical method is extremely important in view of its epistemological nature, which will contribute to the derivation of the author’s conclusions and judgments, which will be characterized by consistency and continuity. The conducted analysis made it possible to reveal that the current summary in terms of understanding the role and significance of the methodological component for the results of our research is the following: from the point of view of the methodology of legal science, the paradigm of information security has a complex structure, which is formed by the elements: law enforcement methodology, the legislation of Ukraine, the systematics of legal norms, explanations of the legal norm, the procedure for implementing the provisions of the law, the legal policy of the state in the field of information security, media culture and media ethics in the application of legislation that regulates the issue of complete access of citizens to sources of information, tactical and strategic directions of activities of entities ensuring security in the use of information, the effectiveness of the application of legislation , law-enforcement examination of departmental regulations regulating relations in the field of information security. Attention is drawn to the fact that any of the listed structural elements of a complete complex of information security can serve as the object of a separate scientific study. The above studies revealed that the selected methodological tools for solving the task of our scientific intelligence will contribute to the professional research of the in-depth component processes of the implementation of measures in the areas of protection of the information space of Ukraine. The application of methodological techniques will allow us to more fully and comprehensively reveal the role of the information security institute in the development of our ideas about the system of measures to ensure the information hygiene of the Ukrainian media, public-legal and private-legal intellectual space, to identify new aspects in its structure and elemental composition.

Epidemiological Study and Seropositivity in Viral Panel Testing Among Corneal Tissue Donors.

Corneal tissue is a critical component for vision restoration through transplantation, yet the availability of suitable corneal tissue is limited. This limitation results in long waiting lists and high demand, especially in countries with lower donation rates compared to global benchmarks. In Mexico, the corneal donation rate remains significantly behind other Latin American countries and leading nations such as Spain. Understanding the characteristics of corneal tissue donors is essential for improving donation practices and addressing the shortage of available tissues. This descriptive retrospective study analyzed electronic medical records of cadaveric corneal donors at the General Regional Hospital 1 of the Mexican Social Security Institute of Querétaro from January 2022 to December 2023. Donors were included based on criteria such as age (2-85 years) and known cause of death. Exclusion criteria included age outside the specified range, neoplastic diseases, active systemic infections, and prior ocular surgeries. Serological testing for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL), coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV was performed to assess viral reactivity. Statistical analyses were conducted usingIBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 25 (Released 2017; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States), summarizing data with descriptive statistics. The study included 185 corneal donors with a mean age of 56.34 years. The majority were male (109; 58.9%), and the leading causes of death were cardiogenic shock (34; 18.4%), hypovolemic shock (31; 16.8%), and acute respiratory failure (30; 16.2%). Exclusion due to positive serological tests included seven donors (3.8%) for HIV and seven (3.8%) for SARS-CoV-2. A total of 16 donors (8.6%) were excluded due to positive results in the viral serological panel. The most common comorbidities were chronic kidney disease (36; 19.5%), type 2 diabetes mellitus (28; 15.1%), and systemic hypertension (31; 16.8%). The study highlights a predominantly male donor profile with a mean age of 56.34 years and emphasizes cardiogenic shock as a leading cause of death. The notably higher seropositivity rate of 8.6% for various viral infections compared to international reports indicates a need for improved health interventions and screening processes. The focus on cardiovascular and respiratory causes of death underscores regional health issues affecting donation patterns. To address the organ and tissue donation shortfall, it is crucial to enhance coordination within donation teams and increase public awareness, given the significant gap in donation rates compared to leading countries.