Security Corps Research Articles

Finding Motivational Factors for Working with the Police as An Important Tool for Personnel Stabilization of the Security Corps

The selection and especially the stabilization of personnel capital should be a key area of interest for all senior managers of security forces. The motivation of police officers is a key element for the efficient and professional performance of their work. One of the most important functional elements of the organization is a quality analysis of the process of acquiring new employees. Given that the Police of the Czech Republic has been dealing with the problem of replenishing the staff for a long time, this contribution is focused on the motivational factors of members of the Police of the Czech Republic, which have a significant effect on personnel stability and also on properly targeted personnel recruitment. The article presents the results of a research investigation in which police officers from the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic participated.

Konspiracyjna informacja, prasa i propaganda Okręgu Lubelskiego Wolność i Niezawisłość (WiN) 1945–1947. Studium organizacji, działalności i oddziaływania

In this study the author mentioned and characterized the press titles issued and distributed in the District of Lublin WiN, including those sent from the Central Area. It also includes all available data concerning these journals: the place and time of their issuance, the frequency, volume, circulation, format, printing or duplication, as well as the names of some editors and authors, printers, typesetters, distributors and other helpers. For some titles there is also available the information concerning their contents and distribution coverage. In this article the organizational and informational - propagandist effort of the Lublin District (WIN) is presented, with two intensity peaks in May/June 1946 (in connection with the referendum), and in October/December 1946 (in connection with the elections). The vast majority of those efforts was addressed to civilians, but in many cases it was also addressed to the soldiers of the regime army, and even to KBW (Korpus Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego – Internal Security Corps). The author also briefly described propagandist – indoctrination and terrorist activities of Polish communist authorities, showing conspiratorial ties between WiN Association and overtly functioning PSL (Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe – Polish Peasant Party). The author also presented a mechanism used for dissemination of the contents inconsistent with the facts. This manipulation was a pretext for terrorist elimination of individual PSL units.

Wojsko Polskie w kampanii wyborczej i wyborach do Sejmu PRL I kadencji z 26 października 1952 roku

This article describes the role played by the Polish Army, as well as units of the Internal Security Corps, during certain stages of the election campaign and subsequent election of the first Sejm of the Polish People’s Republic held on 26 October 1952. Based on archival materials the paper highlights when and what organs of the Polish Army were involved in the election campaign. Aspects such as the process behind the organizing of the election, the propaganda and agitation campaigns that were conducted, and the electoral mood in the army are also discussed.

New Masks, New Meanings: Covid Perspectives on African Art History: Part 2: Coups, Pandemics, and Careers in African Art History

New Masks, New Meanings: Covid Perspectives on African Art History: Part 2: Coups, Pandemics, and Careers in African Art History

Особливості діяльності Організації українських націоналістів на території Любачівського повіту в 1939 –1945 роках

The activities of the OUN in the territory of Lyubachiv County are connected with the structural reorganization of the underground network in 1939– 1945. In the initial period, the OUN and UPA trained young people and prepared them for possible armed actions. Since 1944, the OUN and UPA have managed to form effective combat units to protect the Ukrainian population, including during evictions carried out by the Internal Security Corps (KBW), the Security Directorate (UB), the Citizens Militia (MB), and the NKVD. The character of OUN activity in Lyubachiv County was independent, anti-Bolshevik and defensive. The author’s aim is to analyze archival materials related to the activities of the OUN in the territory of Lyubachiv County in 1939–1945. The scientifi c novelty lies in the analysis of materials related to the coverage of the organizational structure and military-political activities of the OUN in the Lyubachiv region during the Second World War. Conclusions. The analysis of the OUN activity in 1939–1945 on the territory of Lyubachiv County testifi ed to the gradual nature of the development of the organizational structure. The priority tasks of the Ukrainian independent forces during the study period were: a) accumulation of forces and preparation for the protection of the population; b) conducting effective propaganda work among the inhabitants of the county; c) organizational strengthening; d) resistance to the eviction of the Ukrainian population from the region. It has been established that since March 1944 a number of battles have taken place between the Ukrainian and Polish underground movements, as a result of which the civilian population has also suffered. However, in the spring of 1945 the situation was stabilized. Reconciliation between Ukrainian and Polish anti-communist movements led to the suspension of the resettlement action. This course of events allowed the OUN leadership to focus its efforts on confronting government troops.

The making of a socialist underworld: people on the margins in post-war Czechoslovakia (1945–60)

ABSTRACT This text depicts the mechanisms that created the underworld and the profiles of people who formed a part of it in post-Second World War Czechoslovakia. The chronological framework is set between the end of the Second World War and the declaration of the so-called Socialist Constitution. It therefore covers the establishment of the Communist monopoly on power in February 1948, the period of Stalinism, the post-Stalinist thaw after 1953, and the amendment of Communist policies in the second half of the 1950s. It also shows the continuities between the principles set at the end of the war and the politics of the post-1948 period, as well as points to several continuities which go back deep into the nineteenth century. The existence of the underworld contrasts with the determination of the post-war political authorities to create a better and more moral society, which took radical forms after the establishment of the Communist monopoly on power. More precisely speaking, the underworld often grew out of this determination on the part of the authorities as well as from some specificities of the post-war welfare and economic politics. The text illustrates these mechanisms using the example of a number of personal destinies. For this, it uses a variety of sources: criminal reports; interrogation protocols and intelligence of the Public Security Service (Veřejná bezpečnost) and various departments of the National Security Corps (Sbor národní bezpečnosti, SNB); reports of the National Committees (Národní výbory) and of the Ministry of the Interior and legal norms. The topic is approached from the perspective of the social and economic history of state-socialist regimes.

National Minorities in the Western Borderlands of Czech Silesia from the Perspective of State Security Corps in 1945

In May 1945, Western Silesia, originally inhabited predominantly by the German population, found itself in a completely new situation. The region was once again controlled by the Czechoslovak state power, which wanted to re-organise life in the borderlands. Therefore, it was necessary to handle the issue of the German population, as well as the influx of new settlers from the Czechoslovak inland and abroad. Changes took place on the other side of the border as well, and neighbouring Germany was replaced by Poland. These aspects gave rise to a completely new security situation that the newly formed security corps had to address. The article attempts to follow the relationship of the Czechoslovak security corps to the members of other nationalities who lived in the researched area or with those whom they came into contact while guarding the non-fixed state borders. Research shows that, in 1945, the National Security Corps (SNB) indeed took qualitatively different approaches to various nationalities, ranging from strong hostility and distrust towards the Germans, through vigilance towards the Polish, to an ambiguous attitude towards re-emigrants.

Výskum kvality života príslušníkov Policajného zboru a Ozbrojených síl Slovenskej republiky z pohľadu sociálneho zabezpečenia

Police officers and professional soldiers represent a unique, special, distinctive, and irreplaceable resource, necessary for the successful functioning of the Police Force and the Armed Forces of the Slovak Republic — organizations directly involved in ensuring the security and defence of the state and its inhabitants. It is they who, with their work, activities, will and commitment, not only participate in the creation of strategies, intentions, and directions of development of both organizations, but also ensure the fulfilment of their mission and the achievement of set goals. Managing the successful and effective functioning of both armed security corps and achieving the desired results requires the constant development of human resources, their management, motivation and ensuring an adequate quality of life for police officers and professional soldiers and their families — corresponding to the demands and risks arising from the police and military professions. One of the key elements in ensuring a satisfactory quality of life is a special social security system. Therefore, the primary scientific goal of the presented study is a comparative analysis of the current development of opinions of members of the Police Force and the Armed Forces of the Slovak Republic on the quality of their lives in terms of their social security benefits.

Oddział Henryka Kwaśniewskiego „Luxa” z II Inspektoratu Zamojskiego AK i jego ostatnia walka

This article investigates the creation and operational activity of the platoon detachment commanded by Henryk „Lux” Kwaśniewski from the 2nd Zamość Inspectorate of the Home Army, until it was eliminated on December 15, 1951 in a firefight in the Alojzów district. The author presents documents and reports related to the Internal Security Corps raid, which led to the liquidation of the group, and attempts to explain the inaccuracies that appear in the preserved documents. Furthermore, the documented description of the fight and how Henryk „Lux” Kwaśniewski and Wacław „Mściwy” Kwaśniewski died, the details of which differ from those supplied by the actual participants, is also subjected to scrutiny.

La Guardia Nacional mexicana y los riesgos de la militarización de la seguridad pública.

La seguridad pública en México es uno de los mayores problemas que actualmente enfrenta el país. El gobierno basa su estrategia de seguridad pública en la creación de la Guardia Nacional, un cuerpo de seguridad conformado por militares, pero con mando civil. Este artículo analiza normativamente la política criminal del estado mexicano sobre seguridad pública mediante el uso de la Guardia Nacional.

Department of the Internal Military Service of Military Units of the Ministry of the Internal Affairs in Przemyśl Organizational and personnel structure, and scope of activity

The origin of the Military Interior Service of the Military Units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MSW) goes back to 1957, when pursuant to the Regulation No. 021/57 the Ministry disbanded the Information Division of the Border Guard Troops and the Information Department of the Internal Security Corps, later transformed into the Military Interior Service of the Internal Security Corps (WSW KBW) and the Border Guard Troops (WOP). In 1973, the Service of the Military Units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (WSW JW MSW) was appointed. Subsequently, new local structures were created in Białystok, Chełm, Przemyśl, Kętrzyn, Krosno Odrzańskie, Kłodzko, Koszalin, Katowice and Warsaw as branches of the WSW JW MSW. This formation shielded military units subordinated to the structures of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, i.e. the Border Guard Troops (WOP), the Vistula Military Units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (JN MSW) and the Government Protection Bureau (BOR), in the field of counterintelligence protection, as well as prevention and detection of crimes in military units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and prosecution of offenders subjected to the jurisdiction of military courts. When fulfilling their tasks, the WSW operational bodies subordinated to the Ministry of Internal Affairs applied means, methods and forms of operational work, which were characterized by the specificity of activities and the diversity of the environment.

DNA identification of relics of Blessed Stephen Sándor beatified by Pope Francis 2013.

István Sándor was a monk and deeply impressed by the spirituality of the Salesian Society. On 24 July 1946 he made his perpetual votes as a Salesian brother. In 1950 the Communist Party banned the operation of religious orders including the Salesian Order. In 1951 the Internal Security Corps was informed about "illegal" activity of István Sándor. He was arrested on 28 July 1952 and sentenced to death by hanging. He was beatified by Pope Francis in 2013. On 12 November 2018 the grave was opened and bones extracted belonging to six individuals. First, forensic anthropological studies were done. For DNA analysis, teeth and right femurs were selected. DNA extraction method was developed by us. Y-chromosomal and autosomal STR profiles were determined from teeth and bones and reference samples. Based on age and height estimates, the bones that could not belong to István Sándor were excluded. The Blessed István Sándor does not have any living relatives. Envelopes and postage stamps were chosen as reference samples from the years 1942 and 1950. We have received full DNA profiles from teeth, but partial profiles from the envelope and the stamp. Genetic investigations performed support the hypothesis that the bone remains, which were exhumed from the mass grave including relics of putative István Sándor, really belong to the Blessed István Sándor who was executed on 08 June 1953 by the Communist Regime.

FROM COOPERATION TO ENMITY: CONFRONTATION BETWEEN THE CARPATHIAN SICH AND THE CZECHOSLOVAK SECURITY AGENCIES (1938 – 1939)

The article studies the evolution of relationships between the Carpathian Sich paramilitary organization and the Czechoslovak security agencies on the territory of Podkarpatska Rus' (Capratho-Ukraine) at the turn of 1938 – 1939 as they escalated towards mutual hostility. Drawing on the vast archival sources the article traces three conflict lines between the sides: 1) interference by Sich members into the area of public order and security; 2) anti-Czech demonstrations sparked by the controversial decision of Prague to nominate the Czech army general Lev Prchala to the post of the third minister in the Carpatho-Ukraine autonomous government; 3) attempts by Sich members to steal weapons and ammunition from the depots of the Czechoslovak gendarmerie. Though frictions between the sides were visible even before, it was the mid-January 1939 decision of the Prague government to appoint general Prchala that stirred up Carpatho-Ukrainian society, led to the escalation of Czech-Ukrainian relations, and increased inter-ethnic tensions in Carpatho-Ukraine. It fostered the radicalization of the Carpathian Sich and boosted its aggression against the Czech presence in the region. These events put high on the Carpathian Sich agenda the necessity to replace the Czechoslovak security corps on the territory of Carpatho-Ukraine. They resulted in several armed clashes with the Czechs and attempts by Sich members to seize weapons from the gendarmerie deposits. As a rule, the autonomous government took the Sich side in these conflicts while pursuing its plans to increase the influence on the law enforcement agencies in the region. Amid heightened tensions, the armed conflict, which broke out between the Carpathian-Sich and Czechoslovak troops in Khust and its vicinities before the dissolution of the Czecho-Slovak Republic, was not a coincidence, but the logical outcome of the exponential escalation of their relations in the previous months. The studied antagonism reflected certain tendencies in the whole Second Czecho-Slovak republic, where the autonomous region of Slovakia and Podkarpatska Rus' had been striving for more powers in security and sought to get rid of excessive Prague patronage. In this regard, Carpathian Sich's actions against the Czechoslovak gendarmerie had many similarities with the Hlinka Guard's anti-Czech campaign in Slovakia. Keywords Czech-Slovakia, Capratho-Ukraine, Carpathian Sich, Lev Prchala, gendarmerie

General Inspection of the Security Corps

General Inspection of the Security Corps

Analýza a model systému přípravy odborníků kybernetické obrany

The paper deals with the professional development of cyber security corps. In the introduction the individual elements that are active in cyber security are described. Strategic analysis of the education is carried out to define the initial state. The main part of the paper is devoted to the design of the education system. The individual elements are defined in the paper, and the model of relationships between these elements is shaped. The attachment contains complete set of topics and their classification into the strands to fulfil the profile of the cyber security expert.

Ballistic performance of aramid composite combat helmet for protection against small projectiles

This paper focuses on the ballistic performance of aramid composite combat helmet commonly worn by military and security corps, against small projectiles threat. We propose a numerical finite element model for aramid composite protections, considering a multi-layer architecture, able to predict its ballistic behaviour and damage extension. The aim is determining the minimum number of layers required for a correct protection against a given ballistic thread. The constitutive aramid behaviour has been calibrated by means of experimental tests with FSP (Fragment Simulate Projectiles) projectiles and steel spheres on aramid flat plates. Once calibrated, a predictive numerical model of the helmet against different small projectiles and impacted localisations was developed and compared with experimental tests performed in the real head protection.The results calculated for the absorbed impact energy by the helmet and the induced damage due to small projectiles at different impact location, are in good agreement with experimental results and postmortem helmet analysis, validating the proposed numerical model. The numerical model is thus validated for the design of optimized head protections based on aramid composite.

General Inspection of the Security Corps

General Inspection of the Security Corps

The System of Police Education in the Czech Republic: the Current State and the Directions of Improvement

The article describes the system of police education in the Czech Republic on the basis of the mandatory obligations that regulate it. Most importantly, it is act No. 361/2003 Coll. on Service Relationship of Members of the Security Corps, whose section 45 contains the obligation of the Security Corps’ members to educate themselves. Having described the specificity of the Czech Police in the light of the abovementioned regulations, and having depicted the educational system that prepares Czech policemen to their service, the authors follow on to the assessment of the current state of police education in Czech Republic backed up by statistic data. Finally, fact-based scenarios are presented on how the contemporary Czech police education system may be improved in the future.

Bezpečnostní poměry na Těšínsku v období třetí republiky ve světle pamětních knih stanic Sboru národní bezpečnosti

Studie přibližuje aspekty bezpečnostní služby v národnostně smíšené oblasti Těšínska od obnovy československé správy na jaře 1945 po první měsíce komunistického režimu v roce 1948. Na základě komparace "oficiální " historie zachycené v pamětních knihách s dochovanou úřední agendou usilujeme nejen o zmapování vývoje bezpečnostní situace v regionu, ale též o zachycení postupné politizace a ideologizace policejní služby pod vlivem komunistické strany.V bezprostředně poválečném období lze pozorovat vysokou míru personální a strukturální kontinuity s érou před rokem 1938. K hlavním úkolům bezpečnostního sboru patřily úkony spojené s odsunem německého obyvatelstva a vyšetřováním válečných zločinů a případů kolaborace. Dominantní bezpečnostně-politický problém představovalo česko-polské napětí, které se po smlouvě mezi oběma státy v roce 1947 uklidnilo pouze částečně. Kriminální kauzy jsou dokumentovány pouze torzovitě, stejně tak lze usuzovat na jistou bagatelizaci excesů příslušníků československé a sovětské armády. V pamětních knihách můžeme pozorovat postupné vytěsňování zmínek o meziválečné republice a po únoru 1948 úplnou ideologizaci a uniformitu kronikářských záznamů.

Mechanical, Physical, and Physiological Analysis of Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Combat

In current theaters of operation, soldiers had to face a different situation as symmetrical (defined battlefield) and asymmetrical combat (non-defined battlefield), especially in urban areas. The mechanical and organic responses of soldiers in these combats are poorly studied in specific literature. This research aimed to analyze physical, mechanical, and physiological parameters during symmetrical and asymmetrical combat simulations. We analyzed 20 soldiers from the Spanish Army and Spanish Forces and Security Corps (34.5 ± 4.2 years; 176.4 ± 8.4 cm; 74.6 ± 8.7 kg; 63.3 ± 8.0 kg muscular mass; 7.6 ± 3.2 kg fat mass) during a symmetric combat (traditional combat simulation) and during an asymmetrical combat (urban combat simulation). Heart rate (HR), speed, sprints, distances, impact, and body load parameters were measured by a GPS system and a HR belt. Results showed many differences between symmetrical and asymmetrical combat. Asymmetrical combat presented higher maximum velocity movement, number of sprints, sprint distance, and average HR. By contrary, symmetric combat presented higher number of impact and body load. This information could be used to improve specific training programs for each type of combat.