Secure Transfer Of Information Research Articles

Loss Control-Based Key Distribution under Quantum Protection.

Quantum cryptography revolutionizes secure information transfer, providing defense against both quantum and classical computational attacks. The primary challenge in extending the reach of quantum communication comes from the exponential decay of signals over long distances. We meet this challenge by experimentally realizing the Quantum-Protected Control-Based Key Distribution (QCKD) protocol, utilizing physical control over signal losses. By ensuring significant non-orthogonality of the leaked quantum states, this control severely constrains eavesdroppers' capacities. We demonstrate the performance and scale of our protocol by experiments over a 1707 km long fiber line. The scalability of the QCKD opens the route for globally secure quantum-resistant communication.

Quantum Cryptography: Advancements, Challenges, and Applications in Modern Communication

This research paper explores the fascinating field of Quantum Cryptography, a cutting-edge technology that leverages principles of quantum mechanics to secure information transfer. The objective of this study is to delve into the underlying principles of Quantum Cryptography, specifically Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), and discuss its potential applications and challenges. The methodology involves a comprehensive review of existing literature and recent advancements in the field. The key findings reveal that Quantum Cryptography presents a promising solution for secure communication, offering robust defence against potential eavesdroppers. However, practical implementation faces several challenges, including technological limitations and the need for standardization. The implications of this study underscore the transformative potential of Quantum Cryptography in shaping the future of secure communication and highlight the need for further research and development in overcoming existing challenges.

Quantum cryptography with structured photons

Quantum photonic platforms have proven to be essential in realizing fundamentally secure quantum transfer of information, with commercially ready systems already deployed in municipal and terrestrial links. The drive toward higher bit rates and robustness to eavesdropping and noisy channels has focused attention on moving from the present two-dimensional quantum states of polarization, to harnessing all of light's degrees of freedom for multi-dimensional quantum coding with structured photons. In this Perspective, we outline the present state-of-the-art in achieving this control with spatial modes of light, both as single photon and entangled states, highlight the open challenges that remain, and consider the roadmap that might see its full potential realized.

Maritime Communications—Current State and the Future Potential with SDN and SDR

The rise of the Internet of Things (IoT) has opened up exciting possibilities for new applications. One such novel application is the modernization of maritime communications. Effective maritime communication is vital for ensuring the safety of crew members, vessels, and cargo. The maritime industry is responsible for the transportation of a significant portion of global trade, and as such, the efficient and secure transfer of information is essential to maintain the flow of goods and services. With the increasing complexity of maritime operations, technological advancements such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), and the Internet of Ships (IoS) have been introduced to enhance communication and operational efficiency. However, these technologies also bring new challenges in terms of security and network management. Compromised IT systems, with escalated privileges, can potentially enable easy and ready access to operational technology (OT) systems and networks with the same privileges, with an increased risk of zero-day attacks. In this paper, we first provide a review of the current state and modalities of maritime communications. We then review the current adoption of software-defined radios (SDRs) and software-defined networks (SDNs) in the maritime industry and evaluate their impact as maritime IoT enablers. Finally, as a key contribution of this paper, we propose a unified SDN–SDR-driven cross-layer communications framework that leverages the existing SATCOM communications infrastructure, for improved and resilient maritime communications in highly dynamic and resource-constrained environments.

Polar Codes for Module-LWE Public Key Encryption: The Case of Kyber

In modern society, the Internet is one of the most used means of communication. Thus, secure information transfer is inevitably of major importance. Computers nowadays use encryption methods based on arithmetic operations to turn messages into ciphertexts that are practically impossible for an attacker to reverse-engineer using a classical computer. Lately, it has been proven that this is possible in a post-quantum setting where quantum computers of considerable size are available to attackers. With the advance of technology of quantum computers, it is now more necessary than ever before to construct encryption schemes that cannot be broken either using a classical or a quantum computer. The National Institute of Technology and Standards (NIST) has orchestrated a competition, and numerous encryption schemes have been proposed. The NIST has identified one algorithm to be standardized for the post-quantum era. This algorithm is called CRYSTALS-Kyber and is based on module learning with errors (MLWE). This paper investigates how to apply error correcting codes in order to create some excess decryption failure rate (DFR) and to take advantage of that in order to re-tune Kyber’s parameters in the pursuit of higher security. By applying Polar Codes, Kyber’s security was managed to be increased by 54.4% under a new set of parameters, while keeping the decryption failure rate well below the upper acceptable bound set by the NIST.

Secure Data Transfer and Deletion from Counting Bloom Filter In Cloud Computing

Due to the growing growth of circulating storage, more and more content owners are choosing to relocate their files to cloud servers, which can significantly restrict the capacity of the nearby infrastructure. Moving information out of the cloud has become essential for information owners wishing to transform cloud-based cooperatives since different cloud-based groups offer varying degrees of information inventory management, such as security, reliability, speed of access, and pricing. As a result, a major challenge for evidence owners is figuring out how to gradually transfer data from one cloud to another while instantly erasing the transferred data from the first cloud. In this paper, we suggest a method for counting books based on Bloom channels to address this issue. The suggested strategy can ensure super-permanent information eradication in addition to secure information transfer. Additionally, the suggested architecture might take care of the uncontested requirements of public status without a problem with outsourcing. Finally, we will run a model to assess the viability and efficiency of our suggestion.

Continuous-variable quantum key distribution over a 15 km multi-core fiber

The secure transfer of information is critical to the ever-increasing demands of the digital world. Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) is a promising technology that can provide high secret key rates over metropolitan areas, using conventional telecom components. In this study, we demonstrate the utilization of CV-QKD over a 15 km multi-core fiber (MCF), in which we take advantage of one core to remotely frequency lock Bob's local oscillator with Alice's transmitter. We also demonstrate the capacity of the MCF to boost the secret key rate by parallelizing CV-QKD across multiple cores. Our results indicate that MCFs are promising for the metropolitan deployment of QKD systems.

Worst-Case Energy Efficiency in Secure SWIPT Networks With Rate-Splitting ID and Power-Splitting EH Receivers

This paper studies the robust beamforming design for simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT)-enabled networks, where the rate-splitting (RS) scheme and the power-splitting (PS) energy harvesting (EH) receiver are adopted for secure information transfer and EH, respectively. In order to explore the worst-case energy efficiency (EE) performance limit of the system, an EE maximization problem is formulated with the elliptically bounded channel state information error model under the constraints of the quality of service (QoS) requirements of information decoding users, the EH requirements of EH users and the power budget at the transmitter. To tackle the formulated non-convex problem, a sequential minimal optimization-based algorithm is first proposed to construct a mapping table and the optimal PS ratios of the PS EH receiver are found by searching the table. Then, a dual-layer iterative algorithm is designed to obtain the maximal EE based on the Dinkelbach’s method in the inner loop and the successive convex approximation method in the outer loop. To accelerate the convergence of the outer loop, an efficient initialization algorithm is also designed. Simulation results show that the RS scheme contributes to the EE enhancement, and the PS EH receiver enlarges the rate-energy region restricted by the non-linear EH circuit. Moreover, traditional sum-rate maximization design and power minimization design may induce a notable worst-case EE performance loss at the high-power region and the low-QoS requirement region, respectively.

A six-plex switchable DNA origami cipher disk for tandem-in-time cryptography.

We report a DNA origami cipher disk (DOCD) allowing random, continuous and reversible switchover between six visibly different patterns in response to the input DNA strands. A DOCD-enabled tandem-in-time cryptographic protocol was thereby established by using a string of DNA strands as a carrier for accurate information encoding and transmission.

Architecture of the digital twin for the new safe confinement of the ChnPP

The paper presents the construction of a digital twin architecture for the New Safe Confinement (NSC) of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (ChNPP), which was built to ensure the protection of people and the surrounding environment from nuclear and radioactive hazards and to provide the opportunity to remove radioactive materials and carry out other measures to transform the «Shelter» facility into an ecological safe system. The need for effective management of thermogasdynamic processes and assessment of the radiation state in the NSC under non-stationary weather conditions requires the availability of specialized information technologies. An analysis of the functionality and structure of the existing integrated management system of the NSC was carried out, and it was proposed to supplement its functionality with visualization and forecasting capabilities through the development of a digital twin, with the help of which it will be possible to effectively solve the tasks of monitoring and forecasting the state of the object and making management decisions, which in general will ensure physical nuclear safety of the facility and radiation safety of personnel. An overview of the main types of digital twins and available approaches to the construction of their architecture was performed, the choice of the architecture of the NSC digital twin was substantiated. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of the NSC as a complex multi-level system, the main requirements for the digital twin were formed and its generalized structure was developed based on them. The proposed architecture of the digital twin is multi-level and built according to the modular principle, which allows it to be flexibly supplemented depending on needs. To develop the components of a digital twin, it is recommended to use a microservice architecture based on secure information transfer protocols. The results of the work can be used in the creation of the software for the digital twin of the ChNPP NSC.

Detection of Security Attacks in Industrial IoT Networks: A Blockchain and Machine Learning Approach

Internet of Things (IoT) networks have been integrated into industrial infrastructure schemes, positioning themselves as devices that communicate highly classified information for the most critical companies of world nations. Currently, and in order to look for alternatives to mitigate this risk, solutions based on Blockchain algorithms and Machine Learning techniques have been implemented separately with the aim of mitigating potential threats in IIoT networks. In this paper, we sought to integrate the previous solutions to create an integral protection mechanism for IoT device networks, which would allow the identification of threats, activate secure information transfer mechanisms, and it would be adapted to the computational capabilities of industrial IoT. The proposed solution achieved the proposed objectives and is presented as a viable mechanism for detecting and containing intruders in an IoT network. In some cases, it overcomes traditional detection mechanisms such as an IDS.

A new approach of classical Hill Cipher in public key cryptography

Secure message transformation promote the creation of various cryptography systems to enable re???ceivers to interpret the transformed information. In the present age of information technology, the secure transfer of information is the main study of most agencies. In this study, a particular symmetric cryptography system, Hill Cipher method, is enhanced with the help of encryption and decryption algorithms of the asymmetric RSA cryptography system to avoid certain problems. Previous results show that the original Hill algorithms are still insufficient because of their weakness to known plaintext attack, and a modification of the Hill Cipher cryptography system is therefore presented to increase its invulnerability. The enhancement focuses on implementing the RSA algorithms over the Hill Cipher to increase its security efficiency. The suggested method relies on the security of the RSA and Hill Cipher cryptosystems to find the private decryption keys, and thus is much more secure and powerful than both methods applied separately. Also secure and dynamic generation of the Hill Cipher matrix instead of using static matrix are proposed. This new approach is composed of a public key cryptosystem that has a shared secret key (between participants only), public key (announced to all), and two private keys (for each person). Therefore, this new modification can increase the invulnerability of the Hill Cipher against future attacks during transmission of information between agencies in this age of information technology

Ensuring information security in corporate communication systems

The paper considers a secure information transfer protocol for corporate IP-telephony system. In the article are analized the advantages and disadvantages of the known protocols. A description of the process of establishing a connection, sending text messages and voice communication in the developed protocol is given. Its practical significance and expediency of use are described.

On the key composition for post-quantum group messaging and file exchange

Advances in the development of quantum technologies force to create new methods of secure information transfer over insecure networks and channels. In this article, we analyze some important properties of secure group messaging resilient to quantum computer attacks: message authentication and asynchronous key update. We consider options for ensuring message authentication and detect the difference between the requirements for this property in group communications and point-to-point channels. We define the structure of key information and preshared key packages for the new protocol based on the classic X3DH protocol.

Metasurface-assisted massive backscatter wireless communication with commodity Wi-Fi signals

Conventional wireless communication architecture, a backbone of our modern society, relies on actively generated carrier signals to transfer information, leading to important challenges including limited spectral resources and energy consumption. Backscatter communication systems, on the other hand, modulate an antenna’s impedance to encode information into already existing waves but suffer from low data rates and a lack of information security. Here, we introduce the concept of massive backscatter communication which modulates the propagation environment of stray ambient waves with a programmable metasurface. The metasurface’s large aperture and huge number of degrees of freedom enable unprecedented wave control and thereby secure and high-speed information transfer. Our prototype leveraging existing commodity 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi signals achieves data rates on the order of hundreds of Kbps. Our technique is applicable to all types of wave phenomena and provides a fundamentally new perspective on the role of metasurfaces in future wireless communication.

Message Transfer using Associated Matrices

Communication is the act of sharing information, ideas and thoughts through writings and speeches. Communication has played a significant role in attaining ones freedom and rights. Communication dates back from 3200BC. In the early development messengers were employed to transfer messages. In this modern era of technology data is transferred through the use of internet. As the pattern of message transfer changes, security of the encrypted message becomes a message. New methods are developed for this purpose. This paper would focuses on the secure transfer of information using properties of vector spaces and graph theory.

Evaluation of Resource optimization based on quantum search

Quantum computing and communications try to identify more efficient solutions to the most challenging classical problems such as optimization, secure information transfer, etc. This paper will describe a new quantum method for the distribution of resources in computing platforms that consist of a large number of computing units. Furthermore, a simulation environment was developed and the performance of the new method compared to a classical reference strategy will be demonstrated. Moreover, it will be proven that the proposed solution tackles the problems of computational complexity, computing units that are time-consuming and slow to process, as well as the accuracy in determining the optimum result.

Anapole metamaterial absorber in microwave frequency range

One intriguing metamaterial absorber with anapole excitation in the microwave frequency range is proposed for the first time. The presented subwavelength structure is composed of three copper strips to effectively improve the absorptivity. Owing to the constructive interference between toroidal and electric dipoles, and all-right impedance matching with free space, the absorptivity can reach 77% at 10.27 GHz with structural parameter optimization. The simulated and experimental results show strong consistency. The anapole absorption could have numerous potential applications at microwave, terahertz, and optical frequencies, such as cloaking, ultrasensitive sensing, and secure information transfer.

A Survey on Secure Information Transfer with Authentication Service

A Survey on Secure Information Transfer with Authentication Service

Blockchain and the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation: A Chance to Harmonize International Data Flows

Future economic growth is dependent on global data sharing. With the EU’s GDPR going into effect May 25, 2018, data privacy law in the EU will be uniform in text. The GDPR applies extraterritorially to any organization that can reach the EU market in terms of access by an EU citizen. While a consistent and coordinated interpretation of the GDPR provides organizations with the requisite assurances needed when operating in an international environment, stricter standards and higher fines require the organizations to rethink their international privacy compliance protocols. Trust-failures in society are the driving force behind such comprehensive regulatory frameworks, but emerging technology like blockchain can aid in minimizing these privacy concerns. Among other things, blockchain properties include decentralization, authentication, confidentiality, accountability, and access control management. By treating data flows as transactions, blockchain applications can work with regulations to facilitate the secure transfer of information. The purpose of this paper is to begin a conversation around utilizing blockchain technology and reducing harmonizing regulations like the GDPR to an automated protocol.