Secure Communication Protocol Research Articles

Experimental Realization of the Coupling Function Secure Communications Protocol and Analysis of Its Noise Robustness

There is an increasing need for everyday communications to be both secure and resistant to external perturbations. We have therefore created an experimental implementation of the coupling-function-based secure communication protocol, in order to assess its robustness to channel noise. The transmitter and receiver are implemented on single-board computers, thereby facilitating communication of the analog electronic signals. The information signals are encrypted at the transmitter as the timevariability of nonlinear coupling functions between dynamical systems. This results in a complicated nonlinear mixing and scrambling of the information. To replicate the channel noise, analog white noise is added to the encrypted signals. After digitization at the receiver, the decryption is performed with dynamical Bayesian inference to take account of time-varying dynamics in the presence of noise. The dynamical Bayesian approach effectively separates the deterministic information signals from the perturbations of dynamical channel noise. The experimental realization has demonstrated the feasibility, and established the performance, of the protocol for secure, reliable, communication even with high levels of channel noise.

IEEE 802.11p and Visible Light Hybrid Communication Based Secure Autonomous Platoon

Autonomous vehicle platoon is an enhancement of autonomous behavior, where vehicles are organized into groups of close proximity through wireless communication. Platoon members mostly communicate with each other via the current dominant vehicular radio frequency (RF) technology, IEEE 802.11p. However, this technology leads security vulnerabilities under various attacks from adversaries. Visible light communication (VLC) has the potential to alleviate these vulnerabilities by exploiting the directivity and impermeability of light. Utilizing only VLC in vehicle platoon, on the other hand, may degrade platoon stability since VLC is sensitive to environmental effects. In this paper, we propose an IEEE 802.11p and VLC-based hybrid security protocol for platoon communication, namely SP-VLC, with the goal of ensuring platoon stability and securing platoon maneuvers under data packet injection, channel overhearing, jamming, and platoon maneuver attacks. We define platoon maneuver attack based on the identification of various scenarios where a fake maneuver packet is transmitted by a malicious actor. SP-VLC includes mechanisms for the secret key establishment, message authentication, data transmission over both IEEE 802.11p and VLC, jamming detection and reaction to switch to VLC only communication and secure platoon maneuvering based on the joint usage of IEEE 802.11p and VLC. We develop a simulation platform combining realistic vehicle mobility model, realistic VLC and IEEE 802.11p channel models, and vehicle platoon management. We show the functionality of the SP-VLC protocol under all possible security attacks by performing extensive simulations. Our findings demonstrate that SP-VLC protocol generates less than $0.1\%$ difference in the speed of and distance between platoon members during security attacks in comparison to $25\%$ and $10\%$ in that of previously proposed IEEE 802.11p and IEEE 802.11p-VLC hybrid protocols, respectively.

Secrecy Rate Maximization for Untrusted Relay Networks With Nonorthogonal Cooperative Transmission Protocols

In this paper, a relay based network is considered where the source transmits confidential message to the destination via a nonregenerative relay. Due to the fact that the relay is unidentified, and thus may wiretap the relayed message from source to destination. In this regard, two new half-duplex nonorthogonal amplify-and-forward (NAF) secure communication protocols are proposed, with different assumptions on the transmission ability of the destination, i.e., NAF-I for destination without transmission ability and NAF-II for destination with transmission ability. We separately derive the sufficient and necessary conditions to yield positive secrecy rate for these protocols under fixed source/destination transmission power, and discuss their joint power allocation that maximizes the system secrecy rate. Despite the nonconvexity of the considered power allocation problems, alternative optimization approach is proved useful in dealing with these problems, and the corresponding algorithms are proposed. We further prove the convergence of the proposed algorithms and analyze their complexity. The discussion is also extended to the orthogonal amplify-and-forward (OAF) based protocols, i.e., OAF-I or OAF-II, for comparison purpose. Our numerical results demonstrate the gain of the secrecy rate performance of the proposed NAF protocols over existing transmission protocols, and also verify the effectiveness of the designed alternative optimization algorithms.

Multiuser communication scheme based on binary phase-shift keying and chaos for telemedicine

Background and objectivesCurrently, telemedicine is levered upon the improvement in communication network technology such as Body Area Sensor Networks (BASN) to provided biomedicine solutions. Nevertheless, information security is an important issue since biomedical data is exchanged through insecure channels, which exposes private information that can be intercepted by malicious intruder. Therefore, secure communication protocols for multiuser networks in telemedicine applications are a big challenge. Recent chaos-based encryption works have been conducted in the area of medical secure communications with high security capabilities. However, none of them has considered multiuser network, which is used in several e-health applications. Up to our knowledge, the proposed protocol is the first attempt to consider this service in secure telemedicine. In this paper, we propose a novel scheme based on binary phase-shift key (BPSK) and chaos to provide information security at biosignals in a multiuser network system transmitting data over single channel. MethodsThe proposed scheme uses the two-dimensional Hénon map with enhance pseudorandom sequences and CDMA technique to achieve multiuser encryption process and transmit data over a single channel. We use biosignals such as electrocardiograms (ECG) and blood pressure (PB) signals from PhisioBank ATM data base for simulation results at MatLab software. We evaluate the security and performance by determining the secret key space, secret key sensitivity, resistance against noise attack with quality analysis by using BER, MSE, and PSNR, encryption-decryption time, and throughput. ResultsIn simulations tests, biosignals of ECG and BP in a BANS network are encrypted and transmitted over shared wireless channels and just authorized medical personal can retrieve such information with corresponding secret key from the cryptogram, that appears as noise to any intruder. The proposed multiuser scheme support high noise and interference attacks efficiently in contrast with classic chaos-based encryption works for telemedicine, where some scenarios are simulated with very low BER, very low MSE, and high PSNR between plain biosignals and recovered biosignals when high AWGN noise is added to encrypted-transmitted signal. In addition, the encryption process presents enough key space and high sensitivity at secret key. A comparative analysis of proposed method and recent existing works was also presented. ConclusionsPatients can be monitored and diagnosed opportunely remotely and all their medical information is transmitted securely to the correct specialist. Also, it is possible to transmit several electrophysiological signals in a single channel in a secure multiuser network at low cost optimizing the use of available bandwidth for telemedicine applications.

Polynomial based non-interactive session key computation protocol for secure communication in dynamic groups

In today’s world, security is the main issue in all type of communication systems. Secure group communication is that where some members out of ‘n’, have the privilege to access the data of a particular group. The non interactive key computation for secure communication in dynamic groups is a main challenging issue. In the dynamic groups, the group size is not fixed, as the members may leave or join the group anytime. The non interactivity of the group communication says that there will not be any exchange of the keys among the group members. In this paper, we proposed a polynomial based non-interactive session key computation protocol for secure communication in dynamic groups. In the proposed protocol, the polynomial is constructed in such a way that it may be used as a generalized polynomial for ‘n’ members and may be reformed every time by the server whenever there is any change in the group membership. In addition, the security of the polynomial session key depends on the value of coefficients of the variables in polynomial. In comparison with various existing protocols our proposed protocol is efficient in terms of computation, storage and communication complexities. The graphical results shows that the no. of rounds, no. of messages passed and total no. of exponentiations are completely reduced in our protocol.

Secure Cloud Computing: Reference Architecture for Measuring Instrument under Legal Control

In Europe, measuring instruments under legal control are responsible for an annual turnover of 500 billion Euros and contribute a significant part to the economy including establishing trust between all stakeholders. In this article, a secure cloud reference architecture for measuring instruments is presented, addressing both requirements and roles in the Legal Metrology framework. With the introduction of Cloud Computing in Legal Metrology, a new role of a Cloud Service Provider has to be established. The general approach of the reference architecture shall be evaluated to determine if Cloud Computing can be integrated into the legal framework. In a bottom‐up approach, each layer of the cloud is addressed and carefully tested against the essential requirements for Legal Metrology. Splitting a well‐contained measuring instrument into a distributed measuring system creates new challenges guaranteeing security and integrity of the measurements. Addressing these problems, technologies such as fully homomorphic encryption are evaluated, improved, and implemented to enable calculations on encrypted measurements. In addition, a secure communication protocol for encrypted data is presented to address the demand of integrity of encrypted measurements throughout their lifecycle. Lastly, a continuous monitoring approach is presented to detect anomalies and to classify the system behavior depending on their severity and impact into three categories: green, yellow, and red.

Privacy-preserving multi-channel communication in Edge-of-Things

Contemporary booming growth of the Internet-based techniques has risen a revolution of network-oriented applications. A connected environment further drives the amalgamation of various techniques, such as edge computing, cloud computing and Internet-of-Things (IoT). Privacy concerns have appeared throughout the process of data transmissions, some of which are caused by the low security communication protocols. In practice, high security protection protocols generally require a higher-level computing resource due to more computation workloads and communication manipulations. The implementation of high security communications is restricted when data size becomes large. This work focuses on the issue of the conflict between privacy protection and efficiency and proposes a new approach for providing higher-level security transmission using multi-channel communications. We implement experiment evaluations to examine the performance of the proposed approach.

A quantum light-emitting diode for the standard telecom window around 1,550\u2009nm

Single photons and entangled photon pairs are a key resource of many quantum secure communication and quantum computation protocols, and non-Poissonian sources emitting in the low-loss wavelength region around 1,550 nm are essential for the development of fibre-based quantum network infrastructure. However, reaching this wavelength window has been challenging for semiconductor-based quantum light sources. Here we show that quantum dot devices based on indium phosphide are capable of electrically injected single photon emission in this wavelength region. Using the biexciton cascade mechanism, they also produce entangled photons with a fidelity of 87 ± 4%, sufficient for the application of one-way error correction protocols. The material system further allows for entangled photon generation up to an operating temperature of 93 K. Our quantum photon source can be directly integrated with existing long distance quantum communication and cryptography systems, and provides a promising material platform for developing future quantum network hardware.

Cyber security framework for Internet of Things-based Energy Internet

With the significant improvement in deployment of Internet of Things (IoT) into the smart grid infrastructure, the demand for cyber security is rapidly growing. The Energy Internet (EI) also known as the integrated internet-based smart grid and energy resources inherits all the security vulnerabilities of the existing smart grid. The security structure of the smart grid has become inadequate in meeting the security needs of energy domains in the 21st century. In this paper, we propose a cyber security framework capable of providing adequate security and privacy, and supporting efficient energy management in the EI. The proposed framework uses an identity-based security mechanism (I-ICAAAN), a secure communication protocol and an Intelligent Security System for Energy Management (ISSEM) to certify security and privacy in the EI. Nash Equilibrium solution of game theory is applied for the evaluation of our proposed ISSEM based on security events allocation. The formal verification and theoretical analysis show that our proposed framework provides security and privacy improvement for IoT-based EI.

Evil twins and WPA2 Enterprise: A coming security disaster?

WPA2 Enterprise is a suite of protocols for secure communication in a wireless local network and has become an essential component of virtually every enterprise. In many practical deployments of this technology, a device that authenticates with username and password is at risk of leaking credentials to fraudulent access points claiming to be the enterprise network (evil twins) that may be placed virtually anywhere. While this kind of vulnerability is well known to practitioners, we believe these issues deserve a fresh look because the current technological landscape has magnified the corresponding risks. Convergence of organizations toward single sign-on architectures in which a single set of credentials unlock access to all services of the organizations, coupled with the huge diffusion of wifi-enabled personal devices which often contain enterprise credentials and that connect to wifi networks automatically, have made attacks aimed at stealing network credentials particularly attractive to attackers and hard to detect. In this paper we intend to draw the attention of the research and technological community on this important yet, in our opinion, widely underestimated risk. We also suggest a direction for investigating practical solutions able to offer stronger security without requiring any overhaul of existing protocols.

Secure Data Communication using File Hierarchy Attribute Based Encryption in Wireless Body Area Networks

Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) play an important role in healthcare system by enabling medical experts to guide patients without measuring face-to-face. The unauthorized access of medical data from WBAN controller as well as the unreliable data communication may leads to risk for patients life. Currently, Chunqiang Hu et al., [1] proposed a data communication protocol by using Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption (CP-ABE) for a single file. The major limitation of Chunqiang Hu et al., [1] is that as the number of files increases, CP-ABE will suffer from parameters such as message size, energy consumption and computation cost. This paper proposes a more secure and efficient data communication protocol for WBANs by using an efficient File Hierarchy CP-ABE (FH-CP-ABE). We propose a more efficient Secure and Efficient data communication protocol for WBANs by using an efficient File Hierarchy CP-ABE (FH-CP-ABE). We use the integrated access structure which is a combination of two or more access structures and with the hierarchical files are encrypted. We evaluate the performance analysis of the proposed data communication protocol in terms of message size, energy consumption, computation cost and compared with Chunqiang Hu et al., [1] while the number of files increases.

Secrecy Rate of MISO Optical Wireless Scattering Communications

We consider the secrecy rate for the multiple-input single-output optical wireless scattering communication, where the detected signal can be characterized by discrete photoelectrons. Assuming a legitimate receiver and an eavesdropper, we propose two secure communication protocols, the non-jamming protocol, and the cooperative jamming protocol, where for the former the transmitter does not send jamming signals but for the latter the transmitter sends jamming signals. We formulate the corresponding power and duty cycle optimization problems for both protocols. We also analyze the properties on the optimal solution, and adopt the alternating optimization to obtain a tractable solution. Moreover, we analyze the condition on the positive secrecy rate for the case where all the sub-channels to the receiver are weaker than their counterparts to the eavesdropper, where the secrecy transmission cannot be realized via a non-jamming protocol. The performance of the proposed two protocols is evaluated by numerical results. It is seen that for the iterative optimization solution, two to three iterations suffice for the convergence of the secrecy rate.

A Novel Implementation for Patient Monitoring in Rural Areas Using IOT Technology

Now a day’s there is a rapid growth in technology. In the modern health care environment, the usage of IOT technologies brings convenience of physicians and patients since they are applied to various medical areas. The development of this new technology in healthcare applications without considering security makes patient privacy vulnerable. In this paper at first we highlight the major security requirements while storing the patient information in the cloud. Through IOT Doctor’s Treatment suggestions, the patient updated treatment information will be directly stored in the cloud. In order to achieve effective for storing the information in cloud we provide secure communication protocols. We also propose a secure IOT based on sensors used in modern healthcare.

Bessel-like functional distributions in brain average evoked potentials.

Average evoked potential data recorded as impulse responses of brains to electric shocks show Bessel-like functional distributions which we analyze in terms of couples of damped/amplified oscillators. This reproduces results obtained in terms of ordinary differential equations (Freeman K-sets) and offers the possibility of a direct connection with the dissipative model of brain in the quantum gauge field theory paradigm. We study the control mechanism by fine tuning the model parameters and the brain property of discriminating between two similar behaviors or perceptions. We suggest that a similar control mechanism may be useful in security communication protocols. Finally, brain activity and mental activity is considered in the light of our results.

Intelligent approaches for security technologies

Intelligent approaches for security technologies

A Privacy Preserving Communication Protocol for IoT Applications in Smart Homes

The development of the Internet of Things has made extraordinary progress in recent years in both academic and industrial fields. There are quite a few smart home systems (SHSs) that have been developed by major companies to achieve home automation. However, the nature of smart homes inevitably raises security and privacy concerns. In this paper, we propose an improved energy-efficient, secure, and privacy-preserving communication protocol for the SHSs. In our proposed scheme, data transmissions within the SHS are secured by a symmetric encryption scheme with secret keys being generated by chaotic systems. Meanwhile, we incorporate message authentication codes to our scheme to guarantee data integrity and authenticity. We also provide detailed security analysis and performance evaluation in comparison with our previous work in terms of computational complexity, memory cost, and communication overhead.

IoT Applications on Secure Smart Shopping System

The Internet of Things (IoT) is changing human lives by connecting everyday objects together. For example, in a grocery store, all items can be connected with each other, forming a smart shopping system. In such an IoT system, an inexpensive radio frequency identification (RFID) tag can be attached to each product which, when placed into a smart shopping cart, can be automatically read by a cart equipped with an RFID reader. As a result, billing can be conducted from the shopping cart itself, preventing customers from waiting in a long queue at checkout. Additionally, smart shelving can be added into this system, equipped with RFID readers, and can monitor stock, perhaps also updating a central server. Another benefit of this kind of system is that inventory management becomes much easier, as all items can be automatically read by an RFID reader instead of manually scanned by a laborer. To validate the feasibility of such a system, in this paper we identify the design requirements of a smart shopping system, build a prototype system to test functionality, and design a secure communication protocol to make the system practical. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time a smart shopping system is proposed with security under consideration.

Real-time secure communication for Smart City in high-speed Big Data environment

The recent development in the technology brings the concept of Smart City that is achieved through real-time city related intelligent decisions by analyzing the data harvested from various smart systems in the city using millions of sensors and devices connected over the Internet, termed as Internet of Things (IoT). These devices generate the overwhelming volume of high-speed streaming data, termed as Big Data. However, the generation of city data at a remote location and then transmitting it to central city servers for analysis purpose raises the concerns of security and privacy. On the other hand, providing security to such Big Data streaming requires a high-speed security system that can work in a real-time environment without providing any delay that may slow down the overall performance of the Smart City System. To overthrown these challenges, in this paper, we proposed an efficient and real-time Smart City security system by providing strong intrusion detection at intelligent city building (ICB) and also a security protocol to protect the communication between the remote smart system(RSS)/User and the city analysis building, i.e., ICB. The proposed communication security protocol consists of various phases, i.e., registration phase, session key exchange phase, session key revocation phase, and data transmission phases from RSS to ICB as well as from User to ICB. Vast security analyses are performed to evaluate the credibility of the system. The proposed system is also evaluated on efficiency in terms of computation cost and throughput of overall functions used in the system. The system’s evaluation and the comparative study with existing system show that the prosed system is secure, more efficient, and able to work in a real-time, high-speed Smart City environment.

SUPERMAN: Security Using Pre-Existing Routing for Mobile Ad hoc Networks

The flexibility and mobility of Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) have made them increasingly popular in a wide range of use cases. To protect these networks, security protocols have been developed to protect routing and application data. However, these protocols only protect routes or communication, not both. Both secure routing and communication security protocols must be implemented to provide full protection. The use of communication security protocols originally developed for wireline and WiFi networks can also place a heavy burden on the limited network resources of a MANET. To address these issues, a novel secure framework (SUPERMAN) is proposed. The framework is designed to allow existing network and routing protocols to perform their functions, whilst providing node authentication, access control, and communication security mechanisms. This paper presents a novel security framework for MANETs, SUPERMAN. Simulation results comparing SUPERMAN with IPsec, SAODV, and SOLSR are provided to demonstrate the proposed frameworks suitability for wireless communication security.

Cybersecurity for modern distribution automation grids

Strong evolutions are taking place for a modern distribution automation grid, with increased missions generating more and more reasons for cybersecurity. New control technologies with fast and wide area communication will require a modern approach addressing cyber security aspects, for design as well as for operation phases. This study describes the perspectives for the design of distribution automation architecture and devices addressing the cyber security aspect of the modern grid. It refers to topics such as data encryption, secured communication protocol implementation and routine security procedures to protect the distribution grid against cybersecurity attack and unintentional misuses.