Secure AODV Research Articles

An AODV Based Multifactor Authentication Scheme for Wireless Sensor Network

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a type of wireless network that is fast getting a lot of attention in scientific and industrial applications, and it is a network of decentralized autonomous standalone sensor devices. However, WSN is easily prone to malicious attacks as anyone can access the server through the node without a proper security authentication. In this paper, we proposed a secure AODV based multi-factor authentication scheme for WSN to mitigate physical attack, offline guessing attack and replay attack. Our proposed scheme is preferred to keep the scheme lightweight while providing enough security that requires smart card, user identity, password, and OTP. Our proposed scheme has relatively lower computational cost with a total of 10Th than the other compared schemes except for Adil et al.’s scheme. However, we have around 8288 bits of authentication overhead due to the nature of packet and the addition of factors. Hence, our scheme is outperformed from computational cost perspective, but the scheme is slightly higher on authentication overhead perspective. In the future, multiple device authentication, implementation of biometric feature can be added to improve the scheme.

Enhancement in Secure Ad-hoc Network for Wireless Sensor Networks

In the wide era of networking sensor nodes play a vital role in the field of multi-hop networks where nodes have some initial energy and can transmit the data desperately anywhere in a self–organized way. One of the common protocols used in WSN is the AODV protocol which tends to halt the mischievous attack known as a Replay attack. To protect a network from assault Bloom filters with load balancing technique is proposed to make the network secure and nodes with a heavy load in the network are not able to distinguish which path is to be chosen optimally to obstacle the problem Load balancing is introduced in this work to make the network effective. Also, security measures (PDR i.e. Packet delivery ratio, Delay, and throughput) are computed to give more light to the load balancing technique. The result of the load balancing technique is quite better as compared to a simple ad-hoc network which seems there is an enhancement in a secure AODV network.

A trust-based secure AODV routing scheme for MANET

A trust-based secure AODV routing scheme for MANET

A trust-based secure AODV routing scheme for MANET

A trust-based secure AODV routing scheme for MANET

Performance Evaluation of BDAG Aided Blockchain Technology in Clustered Mobile Ad-Hoc Network for Secure Data Transmission

In mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) environment, routing of data packets is a challenging task due to rapid changes in mobility and network topology. In addition, the security aspect of routing is disturbed by attacks caused by malicious nodes. These attacks greatly affect the Quality of Service. To overcome the challenges faced in routing message packets, the Bayesian Directed Acyclic Graph (B DAG) Aided Blockchain model is proposed for clustered MANET environment. The proposed model encompasses the following processes: (i) Multi factor authentication of users by using BLISS algorithm. This step involves acquisition of user credentials and generates hash values for those credentials using Cube Hash algorithm. These hash values are further used to generate public and private keys by BLISS algorithm, (ii) Weighted sum computation for clustering to reduce complexity in the MANET environment. Cluster head (CH) and cluster member (CM) are classified based on energy status, geometric distance, link quality and direction, (iii) A secure AODV based routing protocol using Dolphin Swarm Optimization (DSO) algorithm. This step involves selection of reputed node based on link stability, relative velocity, available bandwidth, energy, queue length, and trust. The packet forwarding is based on the reputation value of the node, by which the trust provided by malicious nodes are eliminated to improve security and (iv) Bayesian DAG aided blockchain, in which the user authenticity, data integrity of packets and signature are verified to mitigate the routing attacks created by nodes in the MANET environment. The proposed model is experimented in NS 3.26 network simulator tool and its performance in terms of multiple QoS metrics is evaluated.

Black hole attack detection in vehicular ad-hoc network using secure AODV routing algorithm

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) has received significant attention in the research domain of intelligent transportation system (ITS) as they provide safety and security to drivers and passengers. As compared to mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), VANETs are mainly different in terms of characteristics, and system architecture. Security in VANET has been an important issue as it effects the communication between both (V-2-V) vehicles-to-vehicle and (V-2-I) vehicle to infrastructure. In VANET, malicious attacks affect the security of the networks, and it is necessary to identify and prevent such security attacks. In VANET network, any node can function as a router for the others nodes, and a malicious node connected to the network may inject spoofed routing tables to the other nodes thereby affecting the operation of the network. To overcome this issue, a secure AODV routing protocol is developed for detection of black hole attack in this paper. The proposed method is a modified version of the original AODV routing protocol with improvements in the RREQ packet and RREP packet protocols. For added security, a cryptography function-based encryption and decryption is included to verify the source and destination nodes. The proposed approach is demonstrated on a NS-2.33 simulator using different network parameters like drop packets, end-to-end delay, and packet delivery ratio (PDR) and routing request overhead. Results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms existing AODV routing protocol under black hole attack and improves the network performance.

An Authenticated Enrolment Scheme of Nodes using Blockchain and Prevention of Collaborative Blackhole Attack in WSN

Security is indispensable concern part of the WSN. The reliable mechanisms and routing schemes are facing different set of encounters in the era of authentic status quo and it is also very knotty. Problem is identified in the recognition of untrusted nodes and routes followed from source to destination along with the restraint of battery status in WSN. No effective technique is there to avert the vindictive node attack. The current research article provides an algorithm of the nodes by employing the blockchain technology as far as solution to the other persisting drawbacks like identification of untrusted nodes and untrusted routes were tackled out by the help of secure AODV using blockchain. The outcomes of this research article by performing the simulation and experimental validation of the existing systems denotes the successful identification and occurrence of malicious nodes, end-to-end delay, packet delivery ratio and through put performance evaluation. The registration of the nodes in blockchain database and behaviour of black hole attack in AODV protocol was also simulated using NS2 blockchain algorithm.

Consensus Routing And Environmental Discrete Trust Based Secure AODV in MANETs

Consensus Routing And Environmental Discrete Trust Based Secure AODV in MANETs

A New Secure Ad-Hoc on Demand Distance Vector Routing Protocol to Ensure Less Power Consumption in Mobile Ad-Hoc Network

Current time represents the era of communication technology and in this revolution MANET is widely used and act as a key star for data communication in real life decisive scenario for e.g., disaster management, traffic control, military services etc. MANET is infrastructureless data communication network comprising of mobile nodes. For MANET it requires secure and energy efficient framework for the underlying routing protocol. To meet the need of efficient data communication in MANET, an Energy Efficient and Secure AODV (EES-AODV) protocol is proposed. In the projected routing protocol, first the order of network nodes happen dependent on energy and afterward encryption has been done. Simulation of projected protocol is performed for such as Average Delay, PDR and Throughput. Simulated results shows that modified AODV gives optimized performance and provides a more secure and energy aware protocol.

Consensus Routing And Environmental Discrete Trust Based Secure AODV in MANETs

The Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET) is a wireless network model for infrastructure-less communication, and it provides numerous applications in different areas. The MANET is vulnerable to a Black-hole attack, and it affects routing functionality by dropping all the incoming packets purposefully. The Black-hole attackers pretend that it always has the best path to the destination node to mislead the source nodes. Trust is the critical factor for detecting and isolating the Black-hole attackers from the network. However, the harsh channel conditions make it difficult to differentiate the Black-hole routing activities and accurate trust measurement. Hence, incorporating the consensus-based trust evidence collection from the neighbouring nodes improves the accuracy of trust. For improving the accuracy of trust, this work suggests Consensus Routing and Environmental DIscrete Trust (CREDIT) Based Secure AODV. The CREDIT incorporates Discrete and Consensus trust information. The Discrete parameters represent the specific characteristics of the Black-hole attacks, such as routing behaviour, hop count deviation, and sequence number deviation. The direct trust accurately differentiates the Black-hole attackers using Discrete parameters, only when the nodes perform sufficient communication between the nodes. To solve such issues, the CREDIT includes the Consensus-based trust information. However, secure routing against the Black-hole attack is challenging due to incomplete preferences. The in-degree centrality and Importance degree measurement on the collected consensus-based trust from decisionmakers solve the incomplete preference issue as well as improves the accuracy of trust. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated using Network Simulator-2 (NS2). From the simulation results, it is proved that the detection accuracy and throughput of the proposed CREDIT are substantially high and the proposed CREDIT scheme outperforms the existing work.

Black Hole Attack Detection in MANETs using Trust Based Technique

A Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is a lot of nodes that impart together agreeably utilizing the remote medium, and with no focal organization. Because of its inborn open nature and the absence of framework, security is a convoluted issue contrasted with different systems. That is, these systems are powerless against a wide scope of attacks at various system layers. At the system level, malignant nodes can play out a few attacks going from detached spying to dynamic meddling. Blackhole is a case of serious attack that has pulled in much consideration as of late. It includes the traffic redirection between end-nodes via Blackhole attack, and also controls the directing calculation to give figment to the nodes situated a long way from one another are neighbours. To handle this issue, we are proposing a novel location model to enable a node to check whether an assumed most limited way contains a Blackhole attack or not. Our methodology depends on the way that the Blackhole attack diminishes essentially the length of the ways going through it. To keep the black hole, worm opening, black hole that is community oriented also the flooding attacks, the measure by which Secure esteem is figured by the premise of the course which is asked, course answer and information parcels. After the count put the stock in values in the range 0 to 1. The event in which that secure esteem is seen more prominent as of 0.5 at that time marks the node is solid and allow on a system commonly piece. The System performance of proposed convention secured secure AODV steering convention (SAODV) is assessed. The result shows execution varies when matched with standard AODV convention.

Modified secure AODV protocol to prevent wormhole attack in MANET

SummaryAn Adhoc network is a combination of mobile nodes that works without centralized infrastructure. Every mobile node acts as host and routers. Furthermore, it also forward packets to other mobile nodes in network which are not within the direct transmission range. Mobile Ad hoc networks are easily exposed to various network layer attacks that include black hole, wormhole, and DOS attack. Wormhole attack is one among the severe attacks in MANET. Wormhole attacker receives the packets at any particular location in the network and disturbs the flow of packet by tunneling them to another location. In this paper, advanced mechanism is presented against these wormhole attacks in a MANET. Existing methods use Quality of Service (QoS) for entire network to detect attacks. Our method makes use of the packet delivery ratio and round trip time for each node, and it also detects active and passive attacks. Thus, the complete identification of wormhole attack is possible using the proposed method.

Secure Enhanced Reactive Routing Protocol for Manet Using Two Fish Algorithm

In Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET) implementing a secure communication is a critical task due to its nature of wireless, infrastructureless, arbitrary network. Its not organized by any centralized control. Each node in this network acts as a router. Routing plays a major role in the network data transmission. Various protocols exist for the purpose of routing process. On Demand routing is a category of routing protocol were routes are obtained only on demand. AODV is one of the efficient on demand routing protocol. In this work an enhanced protocol with security features, the Secure AODV- ESB (Secure Adhoc On Demand Distance Vector based on Energy level and Signal Strength Implementing Bayesian Probability) has been proposed for Mobile Adhoc Network. Its is an extension of the previous work AODV – ESB protocol, which is a modification of the existing AODV protocol. The AODV protocol works on two phases. The route discovery process and route maintenance phase. Major problem faced by AODV was the frequent route break caused by the dynamic mobile nature of the Mobile Adhoc network, which leads to frequent route discovery process. To avoid frequent route break AODV-ESB routing protocol was proposed, it adopts the energy level and Signal strength as parameters for the route selection for transmission of data. Bayesian probability implementation in the protocol increases the chance of adopting more reliable and optimized path. Another major issue in data transmission in the Adhoc network is the security. Securing data from access of the unauthorized person is a major responsibility of the protocol. This new secure AODV- ESB protocol protects against attackers by identifying the malicious node and eliminating them and also secures data by implementing cryptography using Two Fish Algorithm. This ensures secure data transmission in MANET more efficiently than the original AODV protocol. Analysis using the NS 2 Simulator proves that Secure AODV- ESB performs better than the previous work AODV- ESB.

Link Failure Avoidance Mechanism (LFAM) and Route Availability Check Mechanism (RACM)

Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a group of self-organised nodes which behaves as a transceiver. The data will pass through intermediate nodes from a source node to the destination node using communication links. The main problem arises if the communication link is broken or going to be broken soon. A new algorithm is proposed that uses a link failure avoidance mechanism (LFAM) and a route availability check mechanism (RACM), for the development of a new secure and efficient AODV routing protocol. The goal of a LFAM mechanism is to locate a new path to the preferred destination when the connection to the next hop is going to be broken and the RACM mechanism is to find an alternate route to the destination.

Study and Performance Comparison of AODV and USOR

Privacy protection is important for some ad hoc networks in order to achieve privacy preserving routing. In this paper we emphasize and do comparison of two schemes Unobservable Secure On-Demand Routing Protocol(USOR) and AODV to provide and preserve privacy in adhoc networks. USOR is an unobservable, secure routing scheme which provides unlinkability and content unobservability for all the different type of packets. For this it uses a combination of group signature and id based encryption. USOR protects user privacy against both inside and outside attackers by defining stronger privacy requirements. After analysis it is found that the USOR results are improved as compared to AODV.

Modified Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing Protocols

network is a network without physical structure and is established with mobile nodes using wireless connections. Ad Hoc network is highly flexible and supports dynamic network topology. Thus, the efficiency of the routing protocol will affect the overall network performance. Mobile ad hoc networks carriage several kinds of security problems, initiated by their open systems and nature of collaborative by limited accessibility of resources. In this paper we study and analyses various attacks that can be possible on AODV. My planned work is an extension of AODV to the secure AODV protocol extension, which contains tuning policies aimed at improving routing performance. Proposed an extension to Adaptive- SAODV of the secure AODV protocol extension. In our thesis we goals s Developed a routing protocol algorithm to solve the problem of efficiency transmission in Mobile Ad Hoc networks. So that work we divided the process into two parts. In M-AODV an intermediate node create an adaptive reply decision for an incoming demand that helps to stabile its security and efficiency of incoming messages. I.e. we propose a modification to adaptive mechanism that adjusts M-AODV behaviour. In the AODV protocol, a backup route will be began to transfer data when the original route is broken. However, a backup method affects the overall network performance such as pdr, end-to-end delay, etc. To solve this problem, the method developed in this research is used to reroute the data traffic and improve the performance of AODV protocol by via ACK reply path as a backup way whenever there is a route failure. The proposed method, called Modified AODV protocol (M-AODV), is developed by modifying the AODV protocol. The method creates new flags in the routing message, so that as long as the source node can still receive ACK reply from the destination node when an original route is broken, it uses the forwarding path of ACK as a backup route to transfer the rest of the data packets. M-AODV also incorporates features of the M-TCP scheme to solve unnecessary resending of lost data packets. The both algorithm uses only connectivity information to look for illegal structures in the connectivity graph. The algorithm is independent of wireless communication models. We have analysis that our proposed algorithm improve the performance in M-AODV and also compared its performance like the throughput, end-to-end delay and packet delivery ratio with existing mechanisms using EXATA simulation.

A Fortify Approach to Secure AODV Protocol against Black Hole Attacks

The advent of mobile and miniature devices in wireless technology gives rise to new paradigm called Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET). MANETs are self-maintaining, self administered dynamic network. MANETs are vulnerabilities in the MANET due to its intrinsic characteristic that make it insecure against various security threats.The black hole attack is forthcoming among them that are launched on AODV protocol. In these attacks, a malicious node disrupts data transmission by sending false routing information containing very high sequence numbers. To deal with these attacks, we proposed an incentive mechanism that protects network against this attack. This mechanism is integrated into route decision making process of the AODV protocol to defend the black-hole attack.

Enhanced and more secure multipath AODV routing protocol to avoid black hole attack in MANET

Enhanced and more secure multipath AODV routing protocol to avoid black hole attack in MANET

Performance Evaluation of Secure and Efficient AODV Routing Protocol using NS2

This paper focuses on the improvement on the performance of AODV single path routing protocol concerning the route maintenance mechanism with security. This paper presents the performance comparison of proposed protocol Secure and efficient AODV (SE-AODV) with AODV routing protocol using NS2. As the reactive routing protocols is completely different from the proactive routing protocols because they belong to two different routing families. Our proposed SEAODV routing protocol change the on-demand single path routing protocol into proactive multipath routing protocol in terms of predicting the link failure by utilizing the link state prediction algorithm and in terms of creating multiple routes by utilizing on-demand multipath routing approach.

패킷 인젝션 공격을 탐지하는 GSK(Group Secret Key) 기반 SAODV(Secure AODV) 라우팅 프로토콜

패킷 인젝션 공격을 탐지하는 GSK(Group Secret Key) 기반 SAODV(Secure AODV) 라우팅 프로토콜