Sector Of Pakistan Research Articles

Examining the nexus between servant leadership and employee task performance: the moderation mediation model

Despite extensive research on leadership’s role in influencing employee outcomes, there is limited understanding of the specific impact of servant leadership on employee task performance. Little is known about how servant leadership enhances employee promotive voice behavior, which in turn influences task performance. Additionally, the potential moderating role of leader-leader exchange in this relationship has been underexplored, leaving a gap in understanding how interactions between leaders may further shape these outcomes. Based on social exchange theory, this study examined how servant leadership affects employee task performance through the mediating role of employee promotive voice and the moderating role of leader-leader exchange. Using a time-lagged data collection approach, data for this study were gathered from 392 employees working in project-based organizations in the information technology sector in Pakistan. The study’s hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling and the Process Hayes Model. The findings reveal that servant leadership significantly influences employee task performance by mediating the role of employee promotive voice. Furthermore, it was confirmed that leader-leader exchange positively moderates the relationship between employee promotive voice and task performance. This research, further adds to the existing pool of knowledge that holds implications for organizations, top management, academia, researchers, and government concerning leadership behaviors, promotive voice, employee task performance, leader-leader exchange, and preparation for challenges in the future.

Understanding the dynamics of customer satisfaction and repurchase intentions in the era of platform service supply chain – a case study of Foodpanda in Pakistan

ABSTRACT This study investigates the evolving restaurant sector in Pakistan, highlighting the significant role of Platform Service Supply Chains (PSSC) facilitated by food ordering apps like Foodpanda. Understanding PSSC is essential for businesses to thrive in the digital age and effectively manage the dynamics of digital service delivery. Foodpanda exemplifies a complex multi-stakeholder ecosystem that involves intricate technology integration, logistics challenges, robust data management, and a continuous need for innovation in a competitive market. This research aims to identify the key factors driving customer satisfaction and repurchase intention in this dynamic environment, acknowledging the transformative impact on consumer behavior. It also examines how health consciousness and food safety concerns influence these relationships in Pakistan. The study employs an integrated model based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), collecting data from a convenient sample of Foodpanda app users. Using structural equation modeling, the findings highlight critical determinants such as effort expectancy, perceived usefulness, information quality, perceived risk, social influence, and trust in shaping customer satisfaction. This satisfaction, in turn, positively affects repurchase intention. Importantly, the study reveals that health consciousness and food safety concerns negatively impact the positive relationship between customer satisfaction and repurchase intention. The paper contributes theoretically by exploring customer behavior intricacies within the PSSC framework and offers practical insights for researchers and professionals in the food app industry. However, it acknowledges limitations, such as the use of a convenient sample, and suggests avenues for further research in this growing field.

The Role of Corporate Governance in Firm’s Exporting Decision: Case Study from the Textile Sector in Pakistan

The aim of the current study is to determine the relationship between the factors of corporate governance and the firm exporting decision. In this study, board size, board independence, managerial ownership, institutional ownership, family ownership, and board meetings were considered factors of corporate governance. Data was collected from a sample of the textile weaving sector through purposive sampling, which consists of 11 textile sectors that were listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange for the period of 2015 to 2020. The results of the regression analysis showed that board meetings and board independence had a positive relationship with the firm's exporting decision, meaning that both variables positively enhance the firm's exporting decision. Board size, managerial ownership, institutional ownership, board meetings, and family ownership had a negative relationship with the exporting decision of the firms, meaning that these variables have a negative influence on the firm exporting decision.

Securitization of the maritime sector in Pakistan

Pakistan, under the influence of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), shifted its focus from “Geo-Strategy” to “Geo-Economics,” particularly highlighting its maritime potential. Former PM Imran Khan’s designation of 2020 as the Year of Blue Economy indicated a commitment to securitize the sea. Using the Copenhagen School’s framework, this study examines Pakistan’s initial steps in securitizing the maritime domain. Despite significant efforts, the outcome suggests a partial securitization, mainly marked by politicization rather than a comprehensive securitization of the maritime sector.

Leadership and employee behaviour: the mediating and moderating role of cognitive trust and organizational culture

PurposeThis study aims to examine the mediating and moderating roles of cognitive trust and organizational culture in the relationship between leadership and employee task performance and turnover intention.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 543 employees through a survey from the Islamic banking sector in Pakistan. Structural equation modelling (partial least squares) was used to estimate the effect.FindingsThe results demonstrate that cognitive trust plays a positive and significant mediating role between leadership and task performance (O= 0.064,T= 2.005,p= 0.028). Moreover, there is a negative relationship between leadership and employee turnover intention with the mediation of cognitive trust (O= −0.061,T= 1.976,p= 0.021). In addition, organizational culture plays a significant moderating role between cognitive trust and employee task performance (O= 0.014,T= 2.141,p= 0.038).Research limitations/implicationsThe results emphasize the critical role of organizational culture and cognitive trust in amplifying or reducing the impact of leadership on employee attitudes. This offers managers and leaders practical insights to boost employee performance and reduce turnover.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is unique in that it seeks to advance understanding of social exchange theory management by examining the moderated-mediation frameworks in the interaction between leadership and specific aspects of employee attitudes.

Exploring the Mediating Role of Mindfulness in Mitigating Workplace Ostracism's Effect on Turnover Intention: Evidence from the Banking Sector in Pakistan

Workplace ostracism, characterized by the intentional or unintentional disregard and neglect of employees by their colleagues or senior management, poses significant challenges to organizational harmony and employee retention. This study aims to investigate the potential of mindfulness in ameliorating the adverse effects of ostracism, thereby reducing turnover rates. Through a survey of 256 employees in the banking sector of Pakistan, we examine whether mindfulness facilitates employees' resilience to workplace ostracism and their subsequent decision to remain within the organization. Utilizing structural equation modeling in IBM-AMOS, findings reveal that workplace ostracism positively and significantly influences turnover intention, while exhibiting a negative and significant relationship with mindfulness. Furthermore, mindfulness demonstrates a negative association with turnover intention, suggesting its potential as a buffer against the detrimental impacts of ostracism. These results offer valuable insights for organizational management and policymakers seeking to enhance employee well-being and reduce turnover rates. By fostering a culture of active mindfulness, organizations can empower employees to navigate challenges associated with workplace ostracism, ultimately fostering greater engagement and retention. Responsible managers can leverage these findings to cultivate factors that promote mindfulness among employees, thereby fostering a more supportive and inclusive work environment conducive to long-term organizational success.

A Systematic Review of Occupational Health and Safety in Mining Sector in Pakistan

The mining sector in Pakistan is regarded as a hazardous occupation due to its dangerous nature and workingenvironment, which frequently results in deadly accidents. This study is aimed to conduct a systematic review of theexisting studies on occupational safety and health in the mining sector of Pakistan. For this systematic review, Web ofScience, PubMed, Science Direct, Science Hub, and Google Scholar were consulted to search data. Followingkeywords were used related to occupational health and safety in mining: occupational health and safety (OH&S),mining safety measures, mining health issues, and mining safety culture in Pakistan's mining industry. The result of themeta-analysis shows that OH&S is a major concern in the mining sector. Natural factors, including roof falls, gases anddust, and explosions, as well as human factors such as lack of training, ignorance of safety measures, lack ofknowledge, outdated mining methods, and neglect of safety equipment (helmets, goggles, safety gloves, and masks),have led to accidents and casualties. Demographic factors such as age and personal factors like work experience andduration of job are also major causes of mining accidents that lead to fatalities and injuries. The government,stakeholders, and miners themselves have not been able to take serious initiatives to ensure safety. This studyconcluded that mining conditions are hazardous throughout the country. Workers lives are in danger. Improvements insafety measures not only protect workers lives but also decrease mining accidents, and lead to increased production

Impact of Climate Change on Financial Stability of Banking Sector in Pakistan

Impact of Climate Change on Financial Stability of Banking Sector in Pakistan

STRATEGIC INTEGRATION OF CHINA-PAKISTAN ECONOMIC CORRIDOR (CPEC) IN ENHANCING THE MARINE FISHERY SECTOR OF PAKISTAN: A PATHWAY TO SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH

The marine fishery sector in Pakistan is particularly important in terms of the country’s economy but is still unexplored with problems such as old equipment, limited cold storage and processing, and not much investment made. Due to the emphasis on connectivity and economic cooperation under the framework of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), it is possible to provide a strategic impetus to the development of the fishery sector. This research work seeks to establish how CPEC may improve the marine fishery industry of Pakistan and find out how the sector may benefit from CPEC investments in infrastructure and related facilities. The specific research questions the way CPEC infrastructure and investment could be optimally used for the development of the marine fishery sector of Pakistan for possible economic gains that could be associated with the integration of CPEC into the fishery sector. The study adopts a descriptive research type of approach whereby the researcher relies on secondary sources of information and analyzed data to assess the status of the marine fishery of Pakistan, identify the opportunities under CPEC for the sector, and establish how the sector can effectively integrate into the framework. The importance is in bringing attention to an overlooked sector that may benefit from the efficient use of CPEC projects. With investment and cooperation in the agriculture and socio-economic sectors, integration in the fishery sector will enhance Pakistan's blue economy and sustainable economic development.

Adapting Harvests: A Comprehensive Study of Farmers’ Perceptions, Adaptation Strategies, and Climatic Trends in Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan

Understanding farmers’ perceptions, attitudes, and adaptation strategies toward climate change is important for developing effective policies that support agricultural development and food security in rural communities. This study aimed to understand climatic trends over the past two decades (2003–2022), farmers’ perceptions, and adaptation strategies regarding climate change in Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan. The Mann–Kendall trend test identified a significant decrease in average minimum temperature (τ = −0.357, p < 0.05) and an increase in rainfall patterns (τ = 0.337, p < 0.05). A mixed-method approach is employed, utilizing a survey of 180 randomly selected farmers, focus group discussions, and climate data analysis. Ordinal and binary logistic regression models were used to analyze the influence of sociodemographic factors on farmers’ perceptions of climate change and their choice of adaptation strategies. The results indicate that farmers primarily rely on religious beliefs/prayers (65.6%) to cope with climate change, followed by seeking off-farm jobs (50%) and changing fertilizer use (42.2%). The result of the binary logistic regression indicates that among the different demographic characteristics, education, and land size significantly influence farmers’ decisions in taking adaptation measures against climate change. This study emphasizes the need for climate policies that integrate farmer knowledge with meteorological data and sociodemographic analysis to ensure a sustainable agricultural sector in Pakistan. Further research is necessary to explore more effective adaptation methods.

A nexus among high performance work systems, employee engagement, perspective-taking, trust in leader and organisational innovation: an insight from developing country

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between high- performance work systems (HPWS) and organisational innovation in hospital settings, examining the role of employee engagement as a mediator in this relationship. Additionally, the study aims to investigate the moderating role of perspective-taking between HPWS and employee engagement as well as the moderating effect of trust in leader on the connection between employee engagement and organisational innovation.Design/methodology/approachA quantitative-deductive causal method, along with a cross-sectional approach, was utilized. Structural equation modelling was applied to analyse data from a sample of 530 doctors employed in hospitals, practicing human resources management in the public and private sectors of Sindh province, Pakistan.FindingsThe findings show positive effects of HPWS on employee engagement and organisational innovation. Additionally, employee’s engagement partially mediates the relationship between HPWS and organisational innovation, while the moderating role of perspective-taking significantly influences the link between HPWS and employee engagement.Originality/valueWhile HPWS are recognized for enhancing organisational innovation, this study confirms their positive effects on individual and organisational outcomes, particularly within the healthcare sector in Pakistan. This study suggests that when HPWS are effectively perceived and implemented, these integrated practices can be beneficial for both employees and organizations, even in challenging situations.

Exploring the impact of family, school and society on the perception and reputation of vocational training in Pakistan:a statistical analysis

PurposeThe Technical Education and Vocational Training Authority (TEVTA) plays a crucial role in the socioeconomic development of a country. Still, it is often stigmatized as a secondary choice in the Global South. This study explored the interrelationships and impacts of factors such as family, school, and society on the perception and reputation of TEVTA.Design/methodology/approachBy employing quantitative methods, the analysis focused on how family, society, and school support influence these perceptions and reputations within TEVTA programs. Social Cognitive Theory is the theoretical underpinning of this study, in which 350 students from 13 TEVTA institutes participated by filling out questionnaires. The data was analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) and IBM SPSS 28.FindingsThis study indicates that family and societal influences significantly shape students' perceptions, confirming their pivotal role in enhancing the reputation of these programs. School support also emerged as a critical factor, significantly impacting students' perceptions but not directly influencing the programs' reputation. The analysis underscores the importance of understanding the sociocultural context to develop effective strategies for the TEVTA sector in Pakistan. This clear understanding is essential for developing effective strategies to improve the reputation of TEVTA programs in this setting. Moreover, this research offers policy suggestions to make vocational education more attractive and accessible to diverse students, ultimately contributing to the country's socioeconomic development.Originality/valueThis study applied Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) to explore how individual thoughts, environmental influences (such as family, school, and society), and behaviors interact within the context of TEVTA programs. This approach fills gaps in current research and offers a clearer understanding of what affects TEVTA's perception and reputation.

The Impact of Green HRM Practices on Employee Performance: Mediating Role of Psychological Ownership in The Banking Sector of Pakistan

This paper investigates the mediating role of psychological ownership in the association between green human resource management and employee performance. The study utilized a quantitative research design based on data analysis of 980 employees from 20 commercial banks in Pakistan. Psychological ownership mediates the association between green human resource management practices and employee performance. The paper highlights the significance of green human resource management practices in fostering psychological ownership and enhancing employee performance in the workplace. For future studies, longitudinal designs with multiple sources and stages of data collection will be essential to gain a profound understanding of the relationship between the constructs. Testing across various organizational forms and cultures is recommended for a comprehensive assessment. Managers are encouraged to raise employee awareness through green human resource management practices to help employees attain a competitive edge by enriching their knowledge, skills, and abilities, enhancing their quality of life and work performance. This study contributes to the existing literature by offering a descriptive and practical elucidation of the role of psychological ownership among the employees of the banking sector in Pakistan in the connection between green human resource management practices and employee performance. The banks must recruit those individuals who have the knowledge and work for a sustainable environment, and they own their position at the workplace.

The asymmetric effects of exchange rate volatility on UK–Pakistan trade flows: New evidence from nonlinear ARDL approach

Using the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) method, the current study explores the effects of exchange rate variations on commodities trade between Pakistan and the United Kingdom. The current study contends that the limiting assumption of symmetry between the exchange rate and the trade flows may have hampered the empirical results, despite the fact that earlier studies primarily used the symmetric cointegration approach. From 1980 to 2020, the study examines the symmetric and asymmetries effects of exchange rate variations on 35 sectors in Pakistan that import from the UK and 35 industries that export to the UK. The findings suggest that there is evidence of a considerable influence of asymmetric exchange rate variations on trade flows in both the short and long term in over half of the importing and exporting industries that participate in trade with the UK. By highlighting the significance of taking into account asymmetry in the analysis and exposing the sector-specific effects of exchange rate changes on trade flows, the study adds to the body of current work.

Examining the Link between Employer Branding Practices and Employee Retention in Healthcare Sector: Role of Person-Organization Fit as a Mediator

This study endeavors to examine the employer branding-employee retention linkage with emphasis on the mediating effect of person-organization fit within the healthcare sector in Pakistan. It seeks to fill the existing theoretical gaps by employing social identity theory as a core underpinning framework to validate the research findings. A quantitative approach has been adopter in which the structured questionnaires were administered to 468 nurses in the hospitals of Islamabad and Rawalpindi. The results indicated that employer branding has a positive effect on employees retention while person-organization fit has a mediating role in the proposed relationship. it was found that with the presence of person-organization fit, the organizations with effective employer branding strategies have high likelihood of retaining their employees. To the best of the author’s knowledge, there is a scarcity of research examining the proposed relationship in the context of the Pakistani healthcare sector with person-organization fit as a mediator. The study will aid top healthcare practitioners as a way forward for enhancing the healthcare staff retention.

Unblocking COVID-19 impact on stock returns

COVID-19 altered global economics activities during the pandemic period and still affects the stock returns. As worldwide resulted, this shift has changed the Pakistani stock returns activities. This study unfolds the impact of COVID-19 on stock returns frequency of pharmaceutical, power generation, technology and communication, and food sectors in Pakistan. To examine the relationship of above-mentioned sectors with stock returns, data were evaluated through event window that included the event dates of the 150-day and 60-day estimating period. COVID-19 has a considerable detrimental influence on stock returns during the post-event interval. The study findings showcase significant negative relationship with stock returns of the above-mentioned sectors. However, the results are contradictory during the second wave of coronavirus infection. Furthermore, the study also substantiates that COVID-19 has significantly affected the stock market performances of Pakistan. Still, the impact on the stock market performances was only for a short period, and it diminished in the second wave of COVID-19 spread in Pakistan. The findings contribute to the research on the stock returns of selected sectors and commodity market impact of a pandemic by providing empirical evidence that COVID-19 has spill-over effects on stock market. This result also helps investors in assessing the trends of the stock and commodity markets during the pandemic outbreak. Managers are encouraged to modify their strategies to maintain stocks of the firm for better performance under the direction of study findings.

From green fields to housing societies: Unraveling the mysteries behind agricultural land conversion in Pakistan

Agrarian land is being converted into a non-agricultural sector, which is a matter of significant concern. This study aims to determine the factors responsible for the agrarian land conversion to the non-agricultural sector in Pakistan. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected for analysis. Quantitative data were collected from 608 farmers through a questionnaire survey, while qualitative data by in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The study uses a logistic regression model and thematic analysis to determine the factors responsible for land conversion. Results show that farmers’ education, total landholding, urbanization, and the provision of government facilities positively influence land conversion. The ratio of irrigated land and production per acre were negatively associated with such land conversion. The qualitative data identified the push factors such as the social network of farmers, institutional and economic, while the pull factors included commercial opportunities, industrialization, and future expectations. Farmers should be assisted in diversifying their farm operations to generate multiple income streams, reducing the financial pressure that might lead to their selling land. Strict policies are also necessary to control the conversion of agrarian land into use for non-agricultural activities.

The Internal and External Determinants of Financial Performance: Evidence from Islamic and Conventional Banking Sector in Pakistan

The Internal and External Determinants of Financial Performance: Evidence from Islamic and Conventional Banking Sector in Pakistan

Capital Asset Pricing Model for the Stock Market in Pakistan

The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), within modern financial theory, offers a theoretical framework for pricing assets with uncertain returns. CAPM assesses systematic risk and proposes a linear relationship between risk and expected returns for any asset. It serves as a potent tool for pricing risky assets. In this present study, the trade-off between risk-return was investigated within the framework of CAPM and its validity was tested on the daily returns of companies listed in the chemical, textile and food sectors of the Pakistan stock market during the period July 2004- Feb 2014. The results of empirical testing by regression analysis supported the CAPM’s validity for these sectors in Pakistan and found CAPM β as a single factor which was priced by the market. The KSE-100 index was used as a market, and the year treasury-bills return rate was taken as a risk-free rate.

Impact of Paradoxical leadership and employee proactive work behavior on organizational performance: Mediating role of Organizational learning in Telecom sector of Pakistan

This study examines the influence of impact of paradoxical leadership & proactive work behavior impact on organizational performance with mediating role of organizational learning in telecom area of Pakistan. Primary data has been collected through structured questionnaire from employees of telecom sector in Pakistan. 190 employees of telecom sector participated to the study. Purposive sampling, which is a form of non-probability sampling approach, was used to collect data. SPSS 17 has been used for statistical calculations. The study concluded that in Pakistan telecom business paradoxical leadership & proactive work behavior have a strong positive influence on organizational performance. The association between paradoxical leadership, proactive work behavior, and performance focused on transformation in Pakistan's telecom sector is also said to be mediated by organizational learning.