Sector In Mexico Research Articles

Mining-metallurgical monopoly capital in Mexico, 1960–2023

This study analyzes the historical evolution of monopoly capital in the mining-metallurgical sector in Mexico during 1960–2023, focusing on the cases of the companies Grupo México and Industrias Peñoles. The main corporate strategies used to maintain and expand their control are reviewed, as well as the economic policies and legal changes that occurred in parallel with this process, from the Mexicanization of the industry to the implementation of neoliberal policies. It is concluded that the trajectory of mining monopolies is based on the appropriation of growing revenues through land monopolization and the formation of a corporate-government network, leading to an increasing concentration of wealth and the generation of prolonged socio-environmental conflicts.

The Integral Management of the Wastewater Treatment Sector in Mexico Using a Circular Economy Approach

Wastewater treatment must be proactive and sustainable to facilitate an increase in the circularity of water. Therefore, the current approach, based on a linear cycle, must be replaced with a circular economy concept that implements strategies to address the different byproducts in the wastewater treatment sector. In recent years, Nuevo León, Mexico, has encountered high water stress levels, with its main water bodies presenting their lowest levels ever recorded. This study was focused on the wastewater treatment plant Monterrey, which treats the largest volume at the state level. Throughout its operation process, it generates different potential byproducts that are yet to be harnessed to fully. This study developed three proposals using a circular economy approach: the treatment of water for the industrial sector, the use of residual sludge as an organic fertilizer, and the cogeneration of energy from biogas. These proposals can potentially generate benefits regarding the three pillars of sustainability, yielding a closed cycle in the wastewater treatment sector at the national level.

Sustainability of the agricultural sector in Mexico – compliance or not - with key United Nations’ 17 Sustainable Development Goals: Aguascalientes as a case study

Sustainability of the agricultural sector in Mexico – compliance or not - with key United Nations’ 17 Sustainable Development Goals: Aguascalientes as a case study

Project Management and Sensory Acceptance in Ready-To-Use Bakery Products: A Systematic Literature Review

Bakery nutritional products are limited in a global market considering the consumer preferences. Recent years have seen a surge in publications, especially in India and Latin America, reflecting nutritional and development of new products challenge, however, there are project management tools that could help in the development of new products because proactive approaches are necessary to navigate bakery product development complexities. Malnutrition and obesity pose global health challenges, elevating the importance of providing more nutritious bakery options. This systematic literature review explores the intersection of bakery product development with project management methodologies, emphasizing nutritional enhancement and consumer acceptance by the analysis of 69 articles from 2013 through 2024 from prestigious database such as Scopus and Redalyc to generate an overview for new future projects related to enhance the sector in Mexico. The study identifies multiple opportunities in bakery product research. The most researched products in this area are bread, cake, cookies and tortillas compared to pasta, pizza, pudding, waffles, etc. Additionally, only a quarter of articles explore new commercial prototypes, indicating significant potential for further development in this area.

Towards an evidence-based pretrial risk assessment in Mexican juvenile offenders: A systematic review of relevant instruments using COSMIN guidelines

The Mexican Comprehensive Criminal Justice System for Adolescents (Sistema Integral de Justicia Penal para Adolescentes) is in urgent need of validated tools to help diminish the likelihood of pretrial failure, (that is, when juveniles interfere in one way or another with the course of the criminal process before the trial stage). To this end, this article aims to evaluate the measurement properties of relevant instruments to guide and support pretrial risk assessment in Mexican juvenile offenders. Firstly, a systematic review was conducted in PubMed, metasearch engines (DGB-UNAM and Google Scholar), and databases using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) guidelines. As it was found that no validated pretrial risks assessment instruments had been published earlier in Mexico, we present a proposal based on a preliminary selection of five instruments suitable for pretrial risks assessment taking both analysis and theory into account. Since this is the first systematic review in the field, results provide evidence for developing pretrial risk tools to aid decision-making in the juvenile offenders sector in Mexico.

The 2030 agenda and the goal of gender equality in tourism in Mexico

This study examines the dynamics of gender equality, identified as one of the most significant Sustainable development Goals (SDGs) in the United Nations' 2030 Agenda, within the tourism sector in Mexico. This analysis focuses on the description of tourism activity and the performance of gender equality indicators during the fiveyear period from 2003 to 2018. For this analysis, data were sourced from the Economic Census of INEGI (National Institute of Statistics and Geography). Based on the classification of the 133 tourist destinations from the National System of Statistical Information of the Tourism Sector in Mexico (DATATUR) of the SECTUR (Mexican Ministry of Tourism), the 70 most representative tourist destinations for the country were selected for this research. The findings of the study indicate more elevated values of the gender equality index in interior cities and cultural destinations, contrasting with lower scores in one of the states most focused on tourism industry in Mexico. However, it is noteworthy that the growth dynamics of the gender equality index are more pronounced in the Yucatan peninsula and Baja California. In contrast, states hosting cultural destinations and traditional beaches exhibit a more moderate development pace in terms of gender equality. Furthermore, it is observed that the values of the gender equality index are higher in specific tourist destinations or municipalities, compared to the state averages in which they are located.

EE691 Economic Evaluation and Budget Impact of RVd as Induction Regimen Prior to ASCT in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma from the Perspective of the Public Health Sector in Mexico

EE691 Economic Evaluation and Budget Impact of RVd as Induction Regimen Prior to ASCT in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma from the Perspective of the Public Health Sector in Mexico

Smart Energy Planning in the Midst of a Technological and Political Change towards a 100% Renewable System in Mexico by 2050

This study presents a 100% renewable and diversified system taking advantage of the available energy potential of renewable energies in Mexico with a view to a planned energy transition in cooperation with the environment. The processes of change that are experienced worldwide in favor of the planet make us reflect and propose alternatives that break traditional schemes in the production of energy (for which reason Mexico cannot deviate from its current model). It is here that this research becomes a transcendental and important reference for decision-making and the transformation of the energy sector in Mexico. The current electrical system relies on fossil fuels that need to be replaced by renewable energy sources (and it is necessary to satisfy growing demands in the long term). The methodological process is carried out with the use of the 100% renewable energy market design tool EnergyPLAN, which puts the concept of intelligent energy into practice by 2050. Finally, after analyzing the results, it is concluded that a good energy mix for 2050 is 30% solar photovoltaic, 25% wind, 14.5% hydraulic, 13.8% CSP plants, and 16.7% other technologies. Surpluses may be sold to the United States and Central America through interconnection points.

A pathway for a green transition of the transport sector in Mexico

El transporte es uno de los principales sectores que contribuyen al calentamiento global y a la contaminación del aire de las ciudades; su transformación es clave para la transición hacia una economía justa y de bajas emisiones. En este informe se presenta una ruta hacia la descarbonización del transporte en México que se desarrolló como parte del proyecto de Presupuesto Nacional de Carbono para México y Rutas de Descarbonización 2030 (CDP, ICM y WRI 2020). A través de un análisis de modelación, se muestra que es posible lograr una reducción del 30% de las emisiones relacionadas con el transporte por debajo del escenario tendencial para 2030, y del 86% en 2050, lo cual ubicaría a México en una trayectoria descarbonización alineada a los objetivos de temperatura del Acuerdo de Paris. La descarbonización del trasporte, además de contribuir al abatimiento de emisiones GEI, brinda múltiples beneficios en salud, seguridad vial, mejora de la calidad del aire, del entorno urbano y de la calidad de vida.

State ownership in liberal economic governance? De-risking private investment in the electricity sector in Mexico

Abandoning some neoliberal reform tools, but not the goals, liberal policymakers have devised forms of economic governance to support private investment through, paradoxically, the use of state-owned enterprises (SOEs). The article builds on a pragmatist perspective of institutional evolution by describing the syncretism in Mexico's 2013 electricity reform as an exemplary case of structural reforms for de-risking investment through the strategic use of the national SOE. The case shows that the technical and legal segmentation of electricity supply can accommodate different risk distribution arrangements in which state ownership is useful to (1) rein-in the capacity of the dominant company to exercise market power, (2) shoulder the costs of maintaining a subsidised tariff structure for retail consumers, and (3) underwrite the expansion of infrastructure with an uncertain economic future. Structural reforms can use SOEs to relocate private risk in the state's ledger and making state de-risking the most important mechanisms to drive investment, and not market competition. The article argues for the need to develop a sector-specific understanding the role of SOEs within liberal economic programs, but also the need to develop a critical perspective, for instance, through Daniela Gabor's Wall Street Consensus concept, to focus on the historical distributional consequences of these arrangements which can result in the progressive private control over the electricity sector.

Institutional Design of Pension Systems Versus Labor Market Structure: What Matters Most?

Abstract Since the 1980s, policy makers have favored Defined Contribution (DC) pension systems as the alternative to address the unsustainability of Defined Benefit systems. While DC schemes offer benefits and economic advantages, they also present challenges and limitations. We evaluate the mandatory DC pension system for workers in the private formal sector in Mexico, introduced in 1997. We intend to determine for which workers the design of the system is effective and for which workers it is not. The Mexican labor market has high levels of informality and workers constantly flow in and out of the formal sector. Our findings support the view that workers’ personal characteristics place them in the structure of the labor market that in turn determines pension benefits. We analyze involvement with the formal sector and the pension system and identify 3 groups of pension participants that reflect the structure of the local labor market: occasional workers, frequent interruptions, and workers with high participation rates. We conclude that frictions in the labor market prevail over the good intentions of the pension design, like reducing informality and encouraging saving for retirement. Our results show that the system properly serves only 36% of affiliated workers. We explain why very few workers report behaviors consistent with high participation, and why most affiliates have insufficient participation to receive pension benefits. We shed light on the relationship between the structure of the labor market and the design of the pension system and their impact on workers’ future pension benefits.

Impacts of hydro-meteorological phenomena and disaster policies on the Mexican agricultural sector

During the last decades disasters have severely stricken Mexico in terms of economic and human losses. This article aims to measure the impact of hydro-meteorological phenomena and the response policies on the agricultural sector in Mexico following a production function approach that uses panel data models and spatial analysis. As a salient feature, we use an unbalanced panel dataset for 107 crops across 2,430 municipalities from 2003 to 2018. As expected, we find that a disaster declaration is related to a decrease in agricultural productivity, but when a municipality is stricken by one or two disasters over the same period, productivity can be recovered and even increased within the following agricultural year. This result is explained by the policies implemented by the federal government. Likewise, institutional variables like risk atlases are proven to be effective for farmers to plan the cropping season. In addition, we also provide evidence that disaster declarations in neighboring municipalities also diminish local yields.

The craft sector: an approach to their identity and trade

The objective of this article is to analyze from a critical perspective the cultural identity and the commercialization of the artisanal sector in Mexico making an international comparison. Based on the fact that "handicrafts" are the identity of a town, community, person or country, on many occasions this "Identity" is lost when people called "intermediaries" take advantage of artisans and buy their merchandise at low cost, to sell them obtaining important profits at the expense of the work of the artisans; the "intermediary" is only interested in trade, sales, profits; that is to say, it only cares about the merchandise, without giving any value to the essence of the crafts than the cultural identity of who created it. The methodology of this research was qualitative with a documentary technique where articles were reviewed through ABI/INFORM Global Google Scholar, obtaining as results 12 articles that the words or keywords referred to. The main findings were that throughout Latin America it is observed that the artisanal sector is penalized in terms of costs and that it occurs more in the form of intermediaries instead of direct sales and this results in the artisanal sector not being valued as a town identity.

Impact and Viability of Gastronomic Ventures in Manzanillo, México: Situational Analysis in the Post Covid-19 Era

One of the alternatives that are available to people in a situation of economic crisis are gastronomic ventures. The economic environment plays a fundamental role for the success of this type of company, so it is necessary to identify and develop instruments that empower the entrepreneur to achieve their organizational objectives in order to be present in an increasingly competitive market. The gastronomic sector in Mexico has been beaten over the last two years by different factors; public health (pandemic restrictions), violence (curfews in some regions) and economic (inflation and shortages). However, this sector represented -until 2019- 2% of the national GDP, so it was important to know the economic impact in the post covid-19 era in this sector of the country. In times of economic turbulence, crises behave like a kind of "sweeper" that wipes out companies and businesses that lack organizational strength to face the ravages of a phenomenon of this type such as lack of liquidity, low sales and rising prices. Prices. For this reason, this research focuses on studying the ventures in the gastronomic sector, the impact suffered by covid-19, the scarcity and the rise in prices of inputs derived from war conflicts and political situations in the world environment that affect the macroeconomic indicators of the country and region. The study will focus on companies in the gastronomic sector of the municipality of Manzanillo, Colima, Mexico. Where inflation was identified as the main problem that lacerates restaurant businessmen with 88.7% of the cases studied. Finally, the instruments used to cope with the crisis experienced are detailed, the main strategies for the improvement and reactivation of sales were identified, as well as the red flags to attend to a possible resurgence of economic stagnation in the short term.

Efficient use of timber resources in Mexico: Historical development and current challenges

The use and consumption of wood has always captured the attention of forest researchers, mainly from the point of view of forest management and the sustainable processing of raw materials. For this reason, the wood industry has not only been concerned with the maintenance of forests, but also with efficient processing. The objective was to identify, analyse and discuss the main elements that influence the efficient use of natural timber resources at a global, regional and local level, providing a historical and current perspective of the industrial forestry sector in Mexico. Historically, the wood industries worldwide have been concerned with applying intensive silvicultural treatments in native and artificial forest stands, in search of satisfying the demand of a growing market. In this context, industries evolved as processes needed to be more efficient. Therefore, efforts were made to reduce and take advantage of forest residues, at the same time various historical events generated additional needs. At present, the integration of silviculture and forest transformation allow to increase and improve the quality of the products generated. Through the application of intensive silvicultural treatments, products of a single species are obtained. However, it is possible to direct production to a specific market as the forest mass develops. For its part, selective treatments in uneven-aged forests maintain a constant production of diverse products for different specialized markets. In Mexico, it is imperative to analyse and generate innovative or competitive products derived from wood to improve the efficiency of forest harvesting.

Strategic Planning Model and its Impact on the Development of Micro-Enterprises in the Services Sector in Mexico

Purpose: The aim of this study is to offer the design of a strategic planning model for micro-enterprises from services economic sector in the State of Hidalgo, Mexico and measure its impact on their growth and development.
 
 Theoretical framework: The research reviewed a variety of strategic planning models, which contributed in the design of this new model tailored to Hidalgo’s micro-enterprises from services sector, the main objective is to contribute to their growth and development. Larios (2016), refers to the strategic process sequential model as the set of activities which are conducted in a specific sequence in order to project the future of the organization and achieve their vision, Larios (2016), establishes that this model is made of three stages: designing, implementing and evaluating which is completed by adding conclusions and recommendations. On the other hand, the strategic planning model proposed by Stanton, Etzel and Walter suggests a logical sequence that combines strategic and marketing planning, establishing the specific route that the marketing department needs to follow (Chávez, 2017). A detailed description of the models reviewed during the research work is presented in the literature review section.
 .
 Design/methodology/approach: The study applies a quantitave methodology with a non-experimental and transactional – correlational. A questionnaire with Likert scale of five points from totally agree to totally disagree, was given to managerial staff from the sample companies. The sample subject of study consists of 174 micro-enterprises from the services sector located in the State of Hidalgo, Mexico. The quantitative analysis conducted is based on inferential statistics, specifically multiple correlation analysis where the dependent variable is strategic planning and the independent variables are corporate philosophy, key internal factors, key external factors, SWOT analysis, situational diagnosis, objectives and strategic control (Hill y Jones 2015).
 
 Findings: The research findings are that the dimensions that have a positive effect on strategic planning are; philosophy, internal factors, external factors, and strategic objectives. This was obtained after validating the multiple regression equation;

Credit rationing, institutions and local public debt

This work presents a model of credit rationing under the effects of judiciary in- efficiency and criminal extraction. Under low judiciary quality and high criminality, we argue that banks are more likely to lend to the government rather than private enterprises. We argue that credit rationing increased local public debt in Mexico before coming into effect the new law of Financial Discipline for States and Municipalities in 2016. Our scientific objective is explaining the supply of bank loans to the local public sector in Mexico under low institutional quality and credit rationing. We use Panel regression analysis and also applied an Autoregresive Distributed Lag model to obtain the long term growth rates. We also used Clustering analysis in order to classify states in Mexico in terms of their debt, defaults in the industry sector, crime and judicial inefficiency rates. Our empirical analysis shows that judiciary inefficiency and criminality induced higher amounts of bank loans to state governments during the period of 2004 to 2016. We also found that defaults in the industry sector also increased the amount of bank loans to local governments in Mexico, which may explain in part that the rationed credit is redirected to the public sector. We argue that keeping the quality of institutions low may induce higher bank lending to states, so there might be little incentive to improve the judiciary and public safety. The possible solution is to improve judicial efficiency and decrease criminality in order to reduce credit rationing and subsequently ensure local public debt stability in the long term.

Bibliometric Analysis of Forestry Research in Mexico Published by Mexican Journals

There is scarce research assessing the productivity of scientific articles on forestry topics. The objective of this study was to analyze the scientific production on forestry topics that originated in Mexico and were published in Mexican journals from 1996 to 2019 and to identify the causes that determine the impact factor of such publications and the space-time evolution of forestry research in Mexico. In addition, to analyze whether researchers tend to publish in journals published by their affiliation institutions. The study considered 2384 scientific articles from seven journals belonging to category VI of Biotechnology and Agricultural Sciences listed in the Journals Classification System by the National Council of Science and Technology that publishes forestry topics. Bibliometric indicators were generated through text mining and analysis of co-authorship networks. It was found that forestry research in Mexico from 1996 to 2019 presented exponential growth in the number of publications. Forestry scientific production was concentrated in the center of the country. It was dominated by researchers from three of 122 institutions: Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (13.88%), Colegio de Postgraduados (12.50%), and Universidad Autonoma Chapingo (10.44%). The journals with the highest number of publications were: Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Forestales (26.51%), Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales y del Ambiente (20.34%), and Madera y Bosques (18.88%). Results show that forestry researchers in Mexico published mostly in journals edited by their affiliation institutions, which restricts constructive criticism of peer review and increases academic endogamy. Also showed the need to generate more forestry research for the southeast of the country on topics such as climate change, carbon capture, forest biometry, and remote perception, which are relevant aspects when we consider that no published research evaluated the development of the forestry sector in Mexico.

Comparison of Scenarios for the Mexican Electricity System for 2050 Energy Transition Law Objectives—Pre COVID-19 Analysis

In recent years, the reports presented on climate change and its consequences highlight the need to create public policy agendas that address the problem of adaptation and mitigation of anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Globally, the energy sector is responsible for a significant percentage of GHG emissions, while it is one of the most important sector for economic growth. In particular, the electricity sector in Mexico relies heavily on fossil fuels for electricity generation. This problem has made it essential to design plans and policies that contribute to GHG mitigation. The General Law on Climate Change, whose objective is to determine the guidelines towards a low-carbon economy, has established a goal of reducing emissions by 50% by 2050 concerning the baseline from the year 2000 and proposes to produce 50% of electricity with clean energy by 2050 following the Mexican Energy Transition Law. For this reason, the challenge is to design and develop an environmentally sustainable energy model for the National Electric System (NES). Different scenarios are defined and evaluated considering six probable growing electricity demands, as well as mature technologies considering the potential of renewable resources in Mexico, fossil fuel reserves, efficiencies of each technology, investment costs, operation costs, and maintenance costs along with the price of the fuels. The results showed that it is possible to reduce about 50% of the emissions from the electricity sector by 2050 considering a scenario of low population growth and a yearly per capita consumption of 2.0 MWh, as well as a diversification of the electricity generation matrix.

Analysis of Management Competencies in the Textile Sector and the Relation with Organizational Performance in the State of Tlaxcala, México

The textile sector in Mexico is crucial for the economy at the national level, it is in the tenth position among the most important manufacturing economic activities in our country, generating industrial growth because it has a link with other productive industries such as the automotive, aeronautical, furniture, among others in accordance with INEGI 2020. This branch is essential due to being a source of employment and economic growth, for this reason it is necessary to examine the aptitude with which managers refer to face the complex conditions in the environment, it is necessary to take into account research on SMEs that allow knowing the characteristics and development of these, through the measurement of management skills in order to have indicators that make it possible to make decisions to support the entrepreneurial culture of the country. Therefore, this research aims to characterize the relationship between managerial competencies as a strategic factor in organizational performance in small and medium-sized companies in the textile sector in the manufacture of wide fabrics and weft fabrics in the state of Tlaxcala to design improvement strategies. The indicators that were taken were leadership, communication, strategic action, development of people, administrative processes, and results orientation for management competencies and in the case of organizational performance, financial performance, business performance and organizational effectiveness were taken as indicators. This study is oriented to a sample of 12 SMEs located in the municipalities of; Santa, Apetatitlán, Contla, Tetla, Ixtacuixtla, San Marcos, Panotla, Zacatelco, Hueyotlipan y Panzacola. A questionnaire on managerial competencies was applied to human resources managers who had a similar rank, to find out how they perceive the managerial competencies of senior managers within the organization and the second questionnaire on organizational performance was applied to the managers of the sector under study. Where it is required that the subjects have information on the subject under study, being only owners, directors, or managers of the companies. The questionnaires have been validated by Psico Consult A.C., SERVIR in the case of management competencies, in the case of organizational performance by Vasconcelos (2017) and a pilot test. The results were able to determine that there is a moderate positive correlation, but the most critical variables must be considered: effective communication and people development, which shows that companies in the textile sector prevail orientation towards results and administrative processes.