Sector Segments Research Articles

Fault diagnosis method for continuous casting machine’s sector segment based on SG-PCA-LSTM

Abstract To address challenges such as the high variability of variables and difficulties in feature extraction during the casting process of the continuous casting machine’s sector segment, a fault diagnosis method based on SG-PCA-LSTM is proposed. This method aims to overcome the issue of fault features obscured by noise in the total tension time series by employing the SG smoothing algorithm for filtering and denoising. By leveraging the inter-segment data correlation and the advantage of PCA in extracting fault feature information, combined with the powerful learning capability of LSTM in modeling, a Principal Component Analysis - Long Short-Term Memory (PCA-LSTM) fault diagnosis model is established. Through comparative analysis against different diagnostic methods in terms of recognition rate, false positive rate, etc., the results obtained by this method are compared against those obtained by using other algorithms. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method exhibits good overall performance in terms of accuracy and training time.

Audiences of visits scheduled to the Museu de História Natural e Jardim Botânico of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais: contributions from records to museum management

The text presents an analysis of records of scheduling group visits to the Museu de História Natural e Jardim Botânico da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - Natural History Museum and Botanical Garden of the Federal University of Minas Gerais (MHNJB-UFMG) in the years 2018 and 2019. As a research source, records from the area of scheduling of the Educational Sector. From the analysis undertaken, it was possible to highlight the profile of these groups, requested educational itineraries and visit objectives. The data collected was categorized, organized, processed and interpreted. The results indicated that 86.8% of the institutions that requested the visit carried it out. The greatest demand for the MHNJB-UFMG is from schoolchildren, 86.1%, with emphasis on public education institutions and students enrolled in the initial years of Elementary School. Most scheduled groups come from the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte and the most requested educational itinerary was the Circuito História Natural - Natural History Circuit. Within the scope of non-school institutions, the private sector segment was the one that most attended. School visits are concentrated from Tuesdays to Fridays. The data collected is useful for the management of the MHNJB-UFMG, as it makes it possible to review registration processes and highlight possible demands to propose actions aimed at these visitors, after knowing their motivations and expectations when making the appointment.

Labor market segmentation and the gender wage gap: Evidence from China.

Although the Chinese government has implemented a variety of measures, the gender wage gap in 21st century China has not decreased. A significant body of literature has studied this phenomenon using sector segmentation theory, but these studies have overlooked the importance of the collective economy beyond the public and private sectors. Moreover, they have lacked assessment of the gender wage gap across different wage groups, hindering an accurate estimation of the gender wage gap in China, and the formulation of appropriate recommendations. Utilizing micro-level data from 2004, 2008, and 2013, this paper examines trends in the gender wage gap within the public sector, private sector, and collective economy. Employing a selection bias correction based on the multinomial logit model, this study finds that the gender wage gap is smallest and most stable within the public sector. Furthermore, the private sector surpasses the collective economy in this period, becoming the sector with the largest gender wage gap. Meanwhile, a recentered influence function regression reveals a substantial gender wage gap among the low-wage population in all three sectors, as well as among the high-wage population in the private sector. Additionally, employing Brown wage decomposition, this study concludes that inter-sector, rather than intra-sector, differences account for the largest share of the gender wage gap, with gender discrimination in certain sectors identified as the primary cause. Finally, this paper provides policy recommendations aimed at addressing the gender wage gap among low-wage groups and within the private sector.

Repercussions of Russia-Ukraine Conflict: Indian Response to Attain Trade and Industrial Sustainability

The Russia-Ukraine conflict has created caused great “uncertainty” and has challenged many assumptions about the existence of the nation and bilateral relations. It has given rise to geopolitical tensions influencing international trade. Given the significant contribution of petroleum-based products in India’s import basket, this study examines the changing international trade pattern for India. It ultimately seeks to highlight key opportunities, challenges, and suggestions for India’s aim to become ‘Atmanirbhar’ or ‘self-reliant’. We reviewed trade and economic data (for imports and exports, inflation) in the context of India. Data from sources like the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and government sources such as the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), and the Ministry of Commerce, is reviewed. The analysis highlights an increasing trade deficit (i.e., imports higher than exports). The lessons India can learn from this battle to go forward and truly become "Atmanirbhar" are the main topic of this essay. The purpose of this study is to explain the significant effects of the aforementioned dispute on and impacting numerous aspects like the economy, trade, bilateral relations, and manufacturing capacities, we adopt an evidence-based approach. The current research (study) just presents one point of view; more sector-specific research using an empirical methodology is advised to explore the manufacturing sector segments (in the context of India) that have strong potential to turn India into "Atmanirbhar."

Impact of carbon tax on energy sector segmentation under different closures: A case study of China via CGE model

Carbon tax is important to achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goal. In this paper, we study the impact of carbon tax on energy sector segmentation in China under different closures. First, the social accounting matrix (SAM) of year 2017 is constructed. Second, the electric sector is subdivided into five power generation sectors. Third, by building a static computable general equilibrium (CGE) model, carbon tax is simulated under Neoclassical closure (NC) and Keynesian closure (KC) respectively. The results validate that carbon tax is efficacious in reducing CO2 emission. Specific findings include the following. (1) Carbon tax on three fossil fuels (i.e., coal, oil and natural gas) will increase with the improved emission reduction goal. (2) Reducing the usage of coal and thermal power plant in the electric power sector will significantly contribute to CO2 emission reduction. (3) Carbon tax can produce double dividend effect under KC scenario to increase the income of households and government. (4) The 30% emission reduction goal can be achieved under KC with the carbon tax at 84.19 yuan/ton, which is 3.3 yuan/ton less than that under NC. In the meantime, the carbon emission density will reduce to 116.93 t/million yuan.

MANAGEMENT AND EVALUATION OF INVESTMENTS AS A COMPONENT OF THE ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE STATE WITH THE USE OF ACCOUNTING AND ANALYTICAL SUPPORT, STATISTICAL METHODS AND MARKETING RESEARCH

The article is concerned with analyzing the investment component of the economic security of the State and diagnostics of enterprises' activity. The article considers the theoretical foundations of the investment component of economic security: the essence of the concept of "economic security", the main tasks of achieving economic security, the segmentation of sectors of the national economy by stages of investment development and the main measures of the State to regulate the investment component of economic security are presented. The article considers accounting and analytical support of the investment component of the economic security of the State and diagnostics of activity of enterprises. In order to develop statistical research methods in the analysis of the investment component of the economic security of the State and diagnostics of enterprises, the concept of "investment climate" is interpreted, the components of the investment attractiveness index and their components are systematized. By accumulating general information, the article substantiates an assessment of the economic security of the country, regions, enterprises in various spheres and diagnoses the real state of economic entities. The article considers the issues of investment marketing and marketing research as a diagnostic process in wartime: the goals and principles of investment marketing, investment marketing strategies aimed at increasing the market share using the main factors of marketing activity are outlined, the specifics of marketing research are reviewed. It has been found that in order to create an investment-attractive climate, even in the context of military operations, it is necessary to expand marketing research using modern tools already used in the practice of the world's leading developed economies.

Authority in Ocean Governance Architecture

In this article, we demonstrate that the ocean is a space of politics and explore the what, who, and how of ocean governance. We first sketch the governance architecture and examine challenges and shortcomings concerning political authority. Starting from a definition of “ocean governance,” we highlight that two fundamentally different regulatory approaches are applied to the ocean: a spatial ordering on the one hand and a sectoral segmentation on the other. States are the central actors regulating the use and protection of marine areas, but state sovereignty is stratified, with diminishing degrees of authority farther from the shoreline. As vast marine spaces are beyond the exclusive control of any given territorial state, political authority beyond areas of national jurisdiction must first be created to enable collective decision-making. Consequently, a multitude of authorities regulate human activities in the ocean, producing overlaps, conflicting policies, and gaps. Based on recent contributions to the fast-growing ocean governance research field, we provide a thematic overview structured along the dimensions of maritime security, protection of the marine environment, and economics to unveil patterns of authority in ocean governance.

IMPACT OF BANKING SECTOR CREDITS ON NET SME FORMATION IN TURKEY

Purpose: This study examines the impact of banking sector credit on the growth of small and medium enterprises in Turkey. The main objective of the study is to investigate whether state-equity bank group or private-equity bank group credits have significant impact on the growth of net Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) formation a regional, urban and sectoral basis. Methodology: As part of the methodology, quarterly data between 2010-2019 was collected and used in the study for Panel Cointegration Model. Findings: The formulated hypotheses reveal that private-equity bank credits have significant impact on the growth of small and medium enterprises in Turkey. For statistical region segmentation, city segmentation and sectoral segmentation, private equity bank group credit coefficient is higher than state equity bank group. LPCT (private equity bank group city based logarithmic total credits) variable has a higher coefficient than LSCT (state equity bank group city based logarithmic total credits) variable. Originality: During literature review, no work with these variables could be found. This work is expected to fill a gap in the literature.

Criterial Description of the Measurement of the Circular Bioeconomy

With the implementation of the European Green Deal, the circular bioeconomy model is gaining in relevance as well as the concept of circular bioeconomy, which promotes a renewed economic approach to conducting economic activity. The transition of a socio-economic system from one qualitative state to another, causes the need to measure dynamic changes and establish progressive factors towards the formation of a circular business environment. The objective of the study is to monitor the measurement system of the circular bioeconomy and to outline criterial limitations and relevant indicators based on the defined characteristics. The methodological basis of the study consists of the methods of empirical and theoretical level, particularly the historical, abstract-logical, descriptive, comparative methods, method of observation and formalisation, theoretical generalisation, etc. In the process of scientific research, it was possible to carry out comprehensive monitoring of scientific developments of foreign and Ukrainian scientists and to establish existing methodological approaches to assessing the circular bioeconomy. A review of the literature provided an opportunity to identify key structural components that are within the sectoral space and targets that have a complementary relationship with the three-dimensional sustainable development. Sectoral segmentation and target gradation by circular orientation and bioeconomic manifestation allowed to form a system of indicators for measuring the circular bioeconomy according to the established criteria. The practical value of the study consists in the scientific substantiation of the criterial characteristics of the measurement of the circular bioeconomy and the establishment of a system of indicators with relevant limitations

SectorGSnet: Sector Learning for Efficient Ground Segmentation of Outdoor LiDAR Point Clouds

Ground segmentation of outdoor LiDAR point clouds remains challenging due to its sparse and irregular nature. This paper presents SectorGSnet: a ground segmentation framework for outdoor LiDAR point clouds, aiming to accomplish this task efficiently and effectively. The framework consists of a sector encoder module and a segmentation module. The former module introduces a novel bird’s-eye-view (BEV) sector partition strategy that discretizes the point cloud into sectors of varying sizes to enhance the 2D representation ability of the point cloud. Then, the points within each sector are fed into a multimodal PointNet encoder to obtain the corresponding sector feature map. In the latter module, a lightweight segmentation network next learns binary classification from the sector feature map, and point labels are restored from the sector segmentation results. Our proposed framework is trained and evaluated on SemanticKITTI against state-of-the-art 2D projection-based approaches and achieves an excellent balance between performance and computational complexity. We conducted inference at 170.6 Hz on a desktop PC with a GTX2080Ti GPU, and also experimented on a resource-limited platform with only 10 watts of power.

Labor market and crisis: an analysis of sectoral segmentation in Brazilian rural

Abstract: The article aims to analyze which factors contributed to the inequality across income distribution of Brazilian workers in rural areas, occupied in agricultural and non-agricultural activities. Quantile regression with sample selection bias correction and counterfactual decomposition of income by quantiles were applied, using the microdata from the National Continuous Household Survey (PNAD-C) for the years 2012 and 2019. The results showed that there is income inequality favorable to workers occupied in non-agricultural activities concerning agricultural activities, which is intensive for those with lower incomes, as well as for those with high incomes. The presence of sectorial segmentation was also confirmed, of which the largest portion in 2012 corresponds to the labor market duality. However in 2019, in lower quantiles the segmentation obtained greater explanatory power for the difference in income between the groups, while in higher quantiles the theory of human capital prevailed.

Wage Differences between Polish and Romanian Intra-EU Migrants in a Flexi-Secure Labour Market: An Over-Time Perspective

By merging longitudinal register data and a customised survey, this article explores whether sectoral segmentation, migrants’ pre- and post-migration human capital and social structures, shape wages of Polish and Romanian long-term migrants to Denmark. Pronounced wage differences in favour of Polish migrants are evident in the first two years in Denmark, notwithstanding the same regulatory context under the free movement of labour in the EU. Wage differences persist – albeit at a considerably lower level – throughout the eight-year period, mainly because of significant sectoral segmentation. Sectoral segmentation not explained by demographics, pre-migration human capital or crisis effects, might indicate categorical stereotyping by employers. Regarding (co-ethnic) social networks, at least for the early stages of migration, the study does not find significant effects on wages. While the evidence shows a positive return on wages of formal higher education taken post migration, this is not the case for further training and Danish language education.

A Color Image Encryption Scheme Based on a Hybrid Cascaded Chaotic System

As image is an important way of information representation, researchers pay more and more attention on image encryption. In order to improve the performance of image encryption, a novel image encryption scheme based on a hybrid cascaded chaotic system and sectoral segmentation is proposed in this paper. Hybrid cascaded chaotic system has a larger key space, higher complexity, more sensitivity to initial conditions. Four chaotic sequences relevant to a plain image are generated by this system, which strengthen plaintext correlation and the randomness. During the scrambling process, sectoral segmentation focuses on how to extract a sequence from the disk storing data, which can not only reduce the correlation between the three components of the image, but also hide image information to a large extent. Further, a DNA algorithm is used in the diffusion process. Simulation shows that the proposed scheme can effectively resist various attacks and improve the encryption performance.

Potential and limiting factors in the use of alternative fuels in the European maritime sector.

The maritime sector is a key asset for the world economy, but its environmental impact represents a major concern. The sector is primarily supplied with Heavy Fuel Oil, which results in high pollutant emissions. The sector has set targets for deacrbonisation, and alternative fuels have been identified as a short-to medium-term option. The paper addresses the complexity related to the activities of the maritime industry, and discusses the possible contribution of alternative fuels. A sector segmentation is proposed to define the consumption of each sub-segment, so to compare it with the current alternative fuel availability at European level. The paper shows that costs and GHG savings are fundamental enablers for the uptake of alternative fuels, but other aspects are also crucial: technical maturity, safety regulation, expertise needed, etc. The demand for alternative fuels has to be supported by an existing, reliable infrastructure, and this is not yet the case for many solutions (i.e. electricity, hydrogen or methanol). Various options are already available for maritime sector, but the future mix of fuels used will depend on technology improvements, availability, costs and the real potential for GHG emissions reduction.

ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИЕ ТУРИСТСКОГО СЕКТОРА В УСЛОВИЯХ КАРАНТИНА ПРИ ПАНДЕМИИ: ПРОБЛЕМЫ И РЕШЕНИЯ

The present investigation provides one of the first complex attempts of theorizing on changes in tourism sector activity within COVID-19 quarantine. Drawing from system and criterion approach weusedthe analysis of official documents and news publication to identify 8 international models of tourism sector support within the pandemic quarantine. Each model was considered with the instrument of strengths and weaknesses analysis. By reviewing Russian national model we conducted deeper analyses juxtaposing and describing experience of Russian regions. Drawing from aтopinion poll realized in Perm krai we described some special features of each tourism sector segment activity within COVID-19 pandemic quarantine. The opinion polls mentioned also showed some limitations of Russian tourism sector support model. With regard to the data mentioned, we proposed the concept of the national electronic exchange service of tourism and resort. This system will potentially support the Russian model in the condition of epidemic crisis, helping the national tourism sector to save and then to restore its activity following laissez-faire principle.

ФОРМУВАННЯ МОДЕЛІ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ФІНАНСОВОГО СЕКТОРУ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ

An analysis of the applied forms of cross-sectoral approach to the organization of supervision and regulation of the financial sector of different types of national economies, including the Ukrainian one, is presented. Particular attention is paid to the role of the central bank in improving the coordination of regulators of the national financial market. It is determined that effective financial supervision, in the modern sense, should combine the performance of three key functions: macroprudential supervision, microprudential supervision and business integrity supervision. With technological development, the integration of financial sector segments and the emergence of complex financial products, the segmental core of regulation has been lost. One of the main current problems is to identify the risks posed by integrated financial instruments, financial corporations take them on, and also track the ways in which they spread. Institutional and sectoral models of financial supervision are analyzed. A common feature of institutional and functional approaches is the growing need to improve the coordination of national financial regulators and comprehensively increase its efficiency. The expediency of creating a macro-regulator in the conditions of modern economic systems is substantiated. The possibility of consolidated supervision is revealed, which eliminates interdepartmental conflict of interests, better control of transactions and cash flows. Peculiarities of macroregulators functioning in Great Britain, Australia, and the Netherlands have been studied. Developing a unified approach can increase the speed of response to identified threats and its adequacy, as well as reduce regulatory arbitrage by supervised organizations. The mega-regulator is able to provide due attention to the control of the integrity of business by financial market participants, protection of interests and awareness of market participants and consumers of financial services in comparison with the functional and institutional models. The priority system of national regulation of the financial sector for the Ukrainian economy is determined.

Еволюція теоретичної думки щодо трактування маркетингових стратегій підприємств

The article defines the concept of «strategy» as: plan, competitive actions, behavior model, market position, conception and perspective. The strategy is a comprehensive, unified and integrated plan, a set of actions and measures to solve a specific problem situation, achieving targeted goals that are developed in advance for a certain period of time. Current trends in the implementation of strategies include ensuring the quality of products, focusing on individual groups of consumers and improving products and services. The strategies of leadership, cost minimization and differentiation are typically focused on gaining a competitive advantage within a wide range of industry sector segments, while the focusing strategy involves gaining cost advantages or differentiation in narrow segments of the industry sector. Modern trends in the implementation of strategies of leadership, cost minimization and differentiation focus are identified on the example of enterprises of the EU countries. Three of the most popular company strategies are: 1) high quality focus – 52.3% of the EU companies use this strategy; 2) focus on satisfying established groups of consumers – 50.3%, which reflects the world-view or ways of thinking of entrepreneurs in these markets and confirms the theoretical idea that the strategy is a conception that has a manifestation in the world-view of stakeholders and business owners; 3) focus on improving the existing products and services, which are used by an average of 41.5% of companies. In addition, 37.7% of the EU firms use the focus on appealing to new consumer groups, and 36.7% of organizations use a specific solution for a client. It is proved that most companies in the EU use two or more strategies that are built on innovation activities (products, services, business processes) at the same time.

With a Little Help from My Friends: Social-Network Job Search and Overqualification among Recent Intra-EU Migrants Moving from East to West

This article examines the relationship between social networks as a job-finding channel and overqualification among recent EU migrants from Central Eastern to Western European countries. Social networks composed of relatives, friends or acquaintances can facilitate access to employers and thereby enhance labour market integration. However, when labour markets are segmented, (co-ethnic) social networks might also contribute to locking migrants into sectors and occupations characterised by high migrant shares, increasing the probability of a mismatch between skills and occupations. Drawing on data from the special module on migrants and their descendants in the 2014 European Labour Force Survey, this article considers subjective and objective overqualification. The analysis reveals that finding jobs through social networks bears a higher risk of overqualification in general, and especially for recent Central Eastern European migrants. The results point to a complex relationship between social-network job search, sectoral segmentation and destination-country language proficiency.

Performance behaviours of a self-acting gas journal bearing with a new bore design

A new bore design of a self-acting gas journal bearing has been conceived for enhancing the load carrying capacity and dynamic stability parameters as compared to conventional bump-foil bearing. The new bore design involves the synergistic presence of bump foil and rigid sector segments. The governing equations have been discretized employing FVM/FDM followed by the solutions of the algebraic equations using Gauss-Siedel iterative scheme. Based on the investigations performed with new bore, 5–260% increase in minimum film thickness and 80–175% improvement in stability parameters have been achieved for the range of operating parameters adopted in present study in comparison to conventional bump-foil journal bearing.

Homogeneity evaluation of hot in-place recycling asphalt mixture using digital image processing technique

Hot in-place recycling (HIR) allows 100% reuse of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) directly on a construction site. However, the homogeneity of the HIR is difficult to be evaluated due to the complexity of the material composition and construction process. In this study, in view of the homogeneity of the HIR can be reflected by the mixing quality of virgin and RAP aggregates, the homogeneity of virgin and RAP aggregates was investigated. Firstly, the Marshall test specimens of an HIR asphalt mixture were prepared and saw-cut, and the microstructure of each cross section was extracted using digital image processing (DIP) technique, including image enhancement, iterative threshold segmentation and maximum between-class variance (OTSU threshold), retention of the green channel, and image morphology. Then, each cross section of the specimen was divided into 36 regions of equal area by an annular segmentation with sector segmentation. Based on the coefficient of variation in the area ratio of the virgin aggregate to RAP aggregate, a homogeneity coefficient of HIR asphalt mixture was proposed. Another nine groups of Marshall specimens were prepared and cut, and the homogeneity coefficient of each group was calculated. The results showed that the virgin and RAP aggregates in the cross section could be effectively identified due to different gray values by retaining the green channel. The characteristics of the virgin and RAP aggregates could be comprehensively described using annular segmentation combined with sector segmentation. The related macro qualitative test showed that the aggregate in the asphalt mixture could be accurately extracted by the threshold segmentation method based on annular segmentation combined with the OTSU method. The homogeneity could be accurately and quantitatively evaluated by a homogeneity coefficient based on the area ratio of the virgin and RAP aggregates in each cross section. An improvement in the homogeneity of the virgin and RAP aggregates was achieved with an increase in the heating temperature of RAP and mixing time. However, no further improvement was noticed as the heating temperature and mixing time increased. In short, the quantitative homogeneity evaluation index of virgin and RAP aggregates presented in this study, reflecting the homogeneity of HIR asphalt mixture, is helpful for controlling the quality of the HIR asphalt pavement.