Market Sector Research Articles

An extensive survey and history of podcasting in New Zealand

This article presents a detailed overview of podcast production in New Zealand. This is the first broad survey of podcasting in New Zealand, and seemingly the first of its kind globally. It tracks the development and growth of podcasting in New Zealand from a medium pioneered by independent producers to a growing sector of the local media market. Drawing from the New Zealand Podcast Directory – an extensive database of podcasts produced from 2005 onwards – this article categorises and assesses the 722 podcasts listed, before more broadly discussing key characteristics of New Zealand’s podcast sphere. The titles are coded across 12 categories, providing just under 10,000 data points for analysis. Producer typologies are discussed, before the publishing status of shows is explored. The number, length, and frequency of episodes are surveyed, followed by a breakdown of podcasts by format. Podcast subject matter is then considered, before the global reach of New Zealand’s most successful podcasts is evaluated. Undertaking this research project revealed inconsistencies with podcast terminology and issues with conventional podcast categories. There is no ubiquitous list of podcast formats, and accompanying definitions of each. When discussing podcasts, genre and topic are often used interchangeably. Aside from True Crime, podcast genres in the main lack definition. Conventional podcast categories lack the specificity needed to adequately identify many shows. Consequently, this article presents and tests a new podcast classification system designed to provide greater flexibility and specificity.

New Technologies, Older Workers in Banking and Nursing

ABSTRACTThe article examines how technological change and organisational restructuring interacts with population ageing and policies that extend working life, and how older workers understand these trends. Using organisational and contextual approaches and qualitative research on nurses and bankers in Czechia, we investigate older workers' experiences with digitalisation. The age disadvantage older workers experience in digitalising workplaces is produced by three processes: responsibilisation, production of insecurity and ontological precarisation. The responsibilisation of employees for their own digital training is disadvantageous for older workers both in banking and nursing. Digitalisation and restructuring make older bankers feel insecure. To decrease their insecurity, nurses construct a boundary between technology and personal care. The sectoral labour market context is important, as exemplified by a shortage of nurses decreasing insecurity. The precarisation of older workers is further shaped by how the organisational context in which digitalisation occurs intersects with individuals' household situation and welfare state provisions.

Połączenie sztucznej inteligencji i tokenów NFT – nowe wyzwania dla rynku sztuki?

Purpose: The article aims to identify the challenges for the art market resulting from the use of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) and in particular the interdependence between GenAI and NFT tokens. Methodology: Research methods – literature studies, as well as analysis of law and case law. Theoretical, institutional context – economic analysis of law and regulatory impact assessment. Results: The study found that the combination of GenAI and NFT paves the way for innovative forms of artistic expression, challenges conventional notions of art and redefines the relations between artists, collectors and technology. Research limitations/implications: A significant limitation of the research to date is the lack of clarity of the law and scarce, initial case law. The new institution of text and data mining (TDM), although quite narrowly defined, is burdened with legal uncertainty. Originality/value: Theoretical and practical implications of the undertaken topic can contribute to explaining the economic and legal characteristics of the impact of GenAI on the art market and creative sectors, which fills the research gap in the area of management science.

An examination of the valuation process in a low transparent property market – perspectives of property valuers in Nigeria

PurposeThe finance sector and property market challenges in some global regions have been linked to inefficient property valuation practices. As a result, global valuation professional organisations have set up standards and norms to promote efficient and transparent operations in the property valuation industry. Despite these concerns, valuation industries in some countries still face challenges that threaten their smooth operations. One of such is Nigeria, which faces various problems attributable to its valuation process and regulatory system. Consequently, this paper aims to examine the valuation process in Nigeria with a bid to identify the weaknesses in its valuation process and how it contributes to problems identified in the literature.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative research approach was adopted, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 valuers across different segments of the valuation industry in Nigeria. The data were subjected to thematic analysis using Nvivo 12 software.FindingsOur findings indicate a fundamentally weak valuation system and regulatory system marked by an opaque engagement process, underpricing of valuation services, inefficient domestication of international valuation standards, poor implementation and monitoring system and concerns about the training and certifications to meet global norms. These identified weaknesses contribute to and fuel problems such as client influence and valuation inaccuracy, among others.Practical implicationsThe study has some implications for the valuation professional organisations in Nigeria. The valuation professional organisations should devise systems and enact standards that go beyond solely replicating the IVS and RICS Red Book to effective domestication to suit local norms. Given the inefficient implementation and monitoring system, the use of proptech that supplements legal instruments needs to be adopted. Furthermore, the regulations should be strengthened in line with the trends of sustainability, duty of care and use of data as advocated by the IVSC. This will promote trust in the system and allow global stakeholders to transact more confidently with the Nigerian industry, as the current set-up does not evoke sufficient confidence in the system to deliver excellent and transparent valuation assignments.Originality/valueThis study provides perspective from an untransparent property market on the implications of a poor regulatory system and valuation process for valuers and stakeholders who may rely on valuations conducted in such an environment for decision-making. The findings from this study potentially provide input for the valuation professional organisation in Nigeria in identifying the gaps in their framework and current practices and providing some suggestions to promote improvements.

Ownership structure and market competition in the Gulf cooperation council

Purpose This study aims to examine the impact of sector market competition on the ownership structure of publicly listed firms in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. Design/methodology/approach The authors employed the system-Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) model for panel data, utilizing over 93,000 data points from 6,215 firm-years across six GCC countries from 2010 to 2020. Findings The results reveal a statistically significant negative relationship between total block holders and institutional ownership for both Herfindahl–Hirschman and Tobin’s-Q competition proxies. This finding suggests that companies operating in monopolistic or oligarchic sectors are likely to attract block holder investors. Moreover, various firm- and country-level factors, including return on assets, growth, size, gross domestic product and political crisis, also exhibit significant relationships with specific ownership variables. Practical implications Investigating the influence of competition on block holders’ ownership in the GCC region may provide new insights into the role of competitive markets in fostering economic development, promoting investor protection and shareholder rights, enhancing market efficiency and competitiveness and implementing effective reform policies and strategies. Originality/value Despite the significant contribution of GCC countries to global oil commodities, limited market competition research has been conducted in these markets. This study aims to fill this gap by investigating the impact of various firm-, industry-, and country-level factors on firm ownership structure in the GCC region, focusing on the influence of market competition.

The sale of medicines used for diabetes mellitus treatment in retail segment of Russian pharmaceutical market

Objective: to study the characteristics of the population consumption of medicines for the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM), sold in the retail sector of the pharmaceutical market of the Russian Federation (RF).Material and methods. The study analyzed data on products assortment and sales volumes for drugs used to treat DM (according to Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATС) classification) trough pharmacies in all federal districts of the RF for the period 2020–2023. In particular, the following ATС groups were studied: A10A, A10B, H04AA and A16AX (thioctic acid), as well as “sibutramine + metformin” combination prescribed to correct obesity in DM patients. The results were obtained on basis of comparative, retrospective, logical, and graphical methods as well as content analysis, data grouping in accordance with ATС groups and descriptive statistics.Results. In the retail sector of the pharmaceutical market of the RF, 54.9 million packages of antidiabetic drugs were sold for 32.4 billion rubles from 2020 to 2023. In the structure of sales in monetary terms, the share of Russian-manufactured drugs amounted to 16–17% approximately, and in physical terms, i.e. by the number of packages, it reached 37–39%. Throughout the analyzed period, the weighted average price (WAP) per 1 package of a drug for DM treatment increased from 472 to 589 rubles. Concurrently, as of year-end 2023, WAP per 1 package of an imported drug was 3 times higher than WAP of a domestic drug (784 and 259 rubles, respectively). In 2023, more than 45% of pharmacy sales in physical terms accrued to drugs of the ATC subgroup A10BA Biguanides (metformin), and about 25% to A10BB Sulfonylurea derivatives (glibenclamide, gliclazide, glimepiride, etc.). In 2023, the highest sales in monetary terms accrued to methsopamine, daphgylflozin, tytochotic acid, empagliflozin and gliclazide. In the structure of retail sales of drugs for DM treatment, fixed combinations accounted for about 15%. Despite an increase in the number of trade names of fixed combinations (from 24 in 2020 to 30 in 2023), their share in the products assortment structure remained insignificant, that did not comply with international recommendations for DM treatment.Conclusion. Using pharmacoepidemiological monitoring tools, the features of the population consumption of drugs prescribed for DM treatment in the retail sector of the pharmaceutical market of the RF were studied in a retrospective aspect (for the period from 2020 to 2023). The contribution of ATC subgroups to the retail sales structure was established. It was revealed that the share of combined drugs was not more than 15% in the total retail sales structure that did not comply with international recommendations on DM treatment.

Pengaruh Debt to Equity Ratio, Net Profit Margin, Price to Earning Ratio dan Current Ratio terhadap Return Saham

The capital market, which is a vital instrument in the modern economy, serves as a meeting place for the supply and demand of investments. Among the various sectors in the capital market, the property and real estate sectors play a significant role, especially in the economy of a country. The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of Debt to Equity Ratio, Net Profit Margin, Price to Earnings Ratio, and Current Ratio on Stock Returns. This research employs a quantitative method and secondary data. The population consists of 89 Property & Real Estate companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2021 to 2023, with a sample size of 91 company data points obtained using purposive sampling technique with unbalanced panel data. Based on data analysis using SPSS Statistics 25, the results indicate that Net Profit Margin has a positive and significant effect on Stock Returns, while Debt to Equity Ratio, Price to Earnings Ratio, and Current Ratio do not have an effect on Stock Returns.

Unravelling the impact of clean energy on the tourism sector of the stock market: Evidence from quantile granger causality and wavelet coherence analysis

Unravelling the impact of clean energy on the tourism sector of the stock market: Evidence from quantile granger causality and wavelet coherence analysis

Data mining applications in risk research: A systematic literature review

Despite the rising literature on data mining (DM) approaches, there is a lack of a complete literature review and categorization system within risk research. This paper presents the first recognized academic literature review on the application of data mining tools in risk research provides an up-to-date SCOPUS literature database. Based on bibliometric analysis, 5422 papers related torisk were identified from a total of 77,410 studies on data mining and thoroughly analyzed. Each of the selected 5422 papers was classified into four risk categories: global risk, public health risk, molecular and biomedical risk, and pharmaceutical risk. Each primary risk category was further subdivided to highlight the specific research focuses within each domain. Global risks encompass business, environmental, and social risks. Scholars have predominantly focused on the banking, market, and construction sectors within business risk, while environmental risk includes catastrophe-related risks. Social risks encompass areas such as education, traffic safety, and transportation concerns. Clinical data is usually employed in public health risk research, while various radiomic databases are utilized in genetic and molecular biology research. In pharmaceutical research, DM is primarily used to detect adverse drug effects. According to the findings of this review, the fields of computer science and medicine received the most significant research attention. The review also discusses limitations and provides a roadmap to guide future research, aiming to enhance knowledge development related to the application of data mining techniques in risk-related studies.

Enabling and managing commodified authentic experiences: the high-class escort sector in The Netherlands

ABSTRACT Our study identifies predictor benchmarks for the prospect of criterion authenticity outcomes in the context of girlfriend experiences provided by high-class, agency-based, female escorts in the Netherlands. Our case study of this legal market sector details the management context and task-specific employee behaviors that serve as predictors of authentic experiences. Based on our literature review and case study, we create a commodified authentic experience framework. The developed framework contributes to theory development by drawing attention to the inherent tensions involved in commodifying the authentic when denoting degrees of human intimacy. Moreover, the criterion-predictor method offers a generalizable tool for the analysis and assessment of emergent authenticity experiences across a range of consumer market sectors. Overall, the study offers an analysis of the commodification of the personal as shaped by the ongoing capitalist transformation of human relationships in contemporary societies.

Stock Market Forecasting Using a Neural Network Through Fundamental Indicators, Technical Indicators and Market Sentiment Analysis

AbstractThe objective of this research is to provide evidence that it is possible to obtain a prediction that better aligns with the future performance of a stock if a neural network model is trained with stock market analysis variables and qualitative variables. As a case study, thirty-three companies’ representative of the S&P 500 are selected, and a multilayer perceptron artificial neural network is built and trained with input parameter indicators of fundamental analysis, technical analysis, and market sentiment. By incorporating the latter as an additional variable, the model's accuracy increases by 1.5% for 66% of the companies analyzed. The results confirm the crucial role played by the selection of the neural network model and its variables depending on the type of company to be analyzed. The main contributions of this research are the identification of the best variables combination to train a neural network model depending on the market sector to be analyzed, likewise it is demonstrated that, by using market sentiment, it is possible obtain a high accuracy or increase the accuracy to an existing model.

Analysis of Price Transmission Chili at the Level from Producer to Consumer in Tapin Regency

The fluctuating prices of chili peppers can significantly impact farmers positively and negatively. Farmers cultivating bird’s eye chili can reap substantial profits with high prices. However, they earn less when bird’s eye chili prices are low. Currently, market integration refers to the evolution of costs across different market sectors and the extent to which market sectors in various geographical locations are informed about the supply and demand occurring in a market. This study aims to: 1) analyze the price developments of bird’s eye chili at the producer, wholesale, and consumer levels in Tapin Regency; 2) examine the price transmission of bird’s eye chili from the producer level to the consumer level through prices at the wholesale level and the production of bird’s eye chili in Tapin Regency. The data used in this research are secondary in the form of monthly time series data. The study utilized the documentation method, with data collected from January 2017 to December 2022, totaling 72 data points. The data analysis method employed is the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), with tests including the Stationarity Test, Optimal Lag Length Test, Stability Test, Cointegration Test, VECM Estimation, Impulse Response Function (IRF), and Forecast Error Variance Decomposition (FEVD). The findings indicate that the prices of bird’s eye chili exhibit monthly fluctuations. The higher price fluctuations at the producer level indicate that farmers have weak bargaining power in setting the prices of bird’s eye chili. The stationarity test shows that the prices of bird’s eye chili at the consumer (HK), wholesale (HG), and producer (HP) levels, along with bird’s eye chili production (PC), are stationary at the first difference. The optimal lag test, with the smallest Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), is lag 2. The cointegration test shows that the trace statistic and max-eigen values are greater than the critical value, thus accepting H1, indicating a long-term relationship. In the short term, the increase in bird’s eye chili prices is influenced by the two previous periods. The analysis results demonstrate asymmetric price transmission from the producer level to the consumer price level.

Enhancing investment strategies through machine learning: A comprehensive analysis across market sectors

Abstract. This study presents a detailed exploration of the application of machine learning (ML) models to optimize investment strategies across various market sectors, including equity markets, fixed income and derivatives, and the volatile cryptocurrency markets. We evaluate three primary ML models: linear regression, decision trees, and neural networks, based on their predictive accuracy, computational efficiency, and robustness to market volatility. A rigorous process involving backtesting and cross-validation assesses each model's performance. Our framework encompasses data preprocessing, feature engineering, model implementation, and a nuanced approach to risk assessment integrating Value at Risk (VaR) and the Sharpe Ratio. We demonstrate the models' effectiveness in predicting stock prices, interest rates, and cryptocurrency price movements. The application of our ML framework led to the development of dynamic portfolio optimization strategies that significantly outperform traditional methods. This study contributes to the understanding of ML's potential to revolutionize investment strategies, providing a foundation for future research and practical applications in financial markets.

Environmental Impact and Sustainable Practices in Aquaculture: A Comprehensive Review

Aquaculture is the fastest-growing food production sector, now contributing more to global fish biomass than capture fisheries. While much of this expansion has occurred over the past 50 years, it has been accompanied by numerous environmental challenges, including aquatic pollution driven by urbanization, industrialisation, harbour dredging, sand filling, pesticide runoff from agricultural activities, and land-use conflicts between aquaculture, industry, and tourism. These environmental concerns have heightened the focus on sustainability, particularly in relation to ecological preservation. This review explores the various types of waste generated by industries, households, and other establishments that are discharged into aquatic ecosystems, examining their potential impacts on aquaculture. In addition, it evaluates mitigation strategies aimed at reducing or eliminating these environmental threats. Increasing attention has been placed on raising awareness of environmental issues and adopting sustainable practices to minimise aquaculture's ecological footprint. While environmental degradation was not viewed as a critical issue in the early stages of the industry's development, it has now become a central concern across academic, governmental, industrial, and market sectors.

State and trends in the development of the microfinance market in Russia

The relevance of the article is due to the insignificant contribution of microfinance to the development of the Russian economic system, especially in the context of supporting small and medium-sized businesses. However, the regulator sees it as a promising sector of the financial market and considers its progressive development necessary. The purpose of the work is to study the current state and identify trends in the development of the microfinance market in Russia. The methodological basis of the study includes empirical observation and analysis. During the work, official statistical data and scientific publications on the topic of microfinance have been used. The article provides a review of current legislative documents regulating the microfinance sector, and analyses the state of the market based on statistical data. It is substantiated that some elements of the monetary and financial policies pursued in the Russian Federation can be applied for the successful development of the microfinance sector, contribute to its effective and balanced work, and improve accessibility and sustainability. In the course of the work, key directions for the development of the microfinance market are formed: improving regulation and supervision; promoting financial literacy of the population; application of digital technologies; expansion and diversification of the product portfolio, development of partnerships, social entrepreneurship, which contribute to the sustainable development of this segment of the financial market. Particular attention is paid to a detailed analysis of improving the regulatory framework for microfinance in Russia from the point of view of legislation on bankruptcy of individuals, stimulating innovation and digitalisation, and supporting social entrepreneurship.

Corporate social performance through instrumental stakeholder theory: a sector-specific perspective

PurposeThis study uses instrumental stakeholder theory to explore the relationship between corporate social performance (CSP) and financial performance in various market sectors. It aims to show how CSP, driven by stakeholder demands in different markets, affects financial outcomes.Design/methodology/approachUsing panel data analysis on data from 2007 to 2020, this research examines how stakeholder demand impacts a firm's ability to turn social performance into financial gains. The study ensures reliable results by addressing methodological and endogeneity issues related to CSP.FindingsThe results show that a firm's success in converting social performance into financial benefits depends on stakeholder demands in different markets. While better CSP generally leads to improved financial performance, the extent of this benefit varies based on stakeholder expectations. This highlights the importance of managers strategically addressing stakeholder demands to maximize financial returns from social initiatives.Originality/valueBy examining the CSP–financial performance link through the lens of market and stakeholder demands, this research provides new insights into how firms can strategically gain stakeholder support for financial benefits. It shows the long-term value of CSP as an investment that gains stakeholder support over time. This approach broadens the understanding of CSP by considering diverse stakeholder influences across industries, filling a gap in long-term CSP research.

Characteristics of financial capital flow circulation and the risk transmission effect in China

Financial capital is an important force driving China's economic modernisation. Examining the characteristics of financial capital flow circulation across sectors and risk transmission laws is crucial in guiding financial market operations and deepening financial system reforms. This study establishes a 2011–2020 China matrix that includes capital fund flow statements for non-financial corporations, financial institutions, the general government, households, and foreign sources and examines changes in capital flow circulation by developing a financial flow multiplier system model to measure the direct and indirect transmission effects of capital flows between sectors from the perspective of liabilities. Results show that China's overall scale of financial capital flows has increased, but fluctuations have emerged in the last decade. The sectors' financing structure has changed significantly, with financial institutions remaining the primary capital inflow and outflow sectors of the financial market; however, the proportion of liability and investment in the household sector has increased, resulting in increased risk transmission. Moreover, the sectoral fund surpluses and shortages are highly volatile and uncertain, with non-financial enterprises serving as the primary drivers of real-economy investment. The capital flow from financial services to the real economy shows a fluctuating growth trend, primarily flowing to non-financial corporations; however, the proportion exhibits a downwards trend. Finally, we find that the flow transmission relationship between different sectors and financial transactions in the financial market is complex, with both direct and indirect risk transmission effects between sectors. Changes of financial institutions' liabilities significantly affect the liabilities and investments of other sectors.

LEGAL PROTECTION TOWARDS PUBLIC COMPANIES FROM BANKRUPTCY

<p>Law Number 37 of 2004 on Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations (UU KPKPU) only requires the provision that a Bankruptcy/PKPU application to be submitted by one creditor, and that it can be proven that the public company has at least two creditors, one of which is past due. Financial Services Authority (OJK) has the authority to regulate and supervise activities in the capital market field or sector carried out by public companies. OJK should be responsible for providing legal protection for public companies that submit applications for bankruptcy. The research method used is a normative legal research method. The results of this research confirm that Article 55 paragraph (1) of the OJK Law and Article 8 paragraph 4 of Law Number 4 of 2023 on the Development and Strengthening of the Financial Sector (P2SK Law) are the legal basis or legal protection that gives the authority to the Financial Services Authority to carry out regulation and supervision of financial services activities in the capital markets sector, where financial services activities in the capital markets sector are also carried out by public companies. There must be rules that are made firmly and explicitly so that the OJK is given responsibility, function and authority in protecting public companies from bankruptcy by carrying out insolvency tests. This means that before a public company is submitted for bankruptcy, the OJK must first carry out an insolvency test to determine whether the public company is in a state of insolvency or is actually in a state of solvency. If the results state that the public company is indeed insolvent, then the OJK must provide a product stating either in the form of a cover letter or a certificate that the public company is suitable for the debtor to submit a bankruptcy petition.</p>

Sectoral Performance of ESG Enabled Stocks during COVID-19 Pandemic in the Indian Stock Market

Over past one decade, there is significant rise in Environment, Social and Governance (ESG) enabled investment practices across the globe and Indian economy is no exception to that. The ESG-enabled investment options provide better investment avenues for investment for retail and institutional investors by ensuring the long-term sustainability of the business. The present study tries to assess whether there is any impact of ESG scores on performance of stocks at the time of COVID-19 pandemic period. The study compares the performance of stocks with high ESG score vis-à-vis stocks with low ESG scores during COVID-19 period for different sectors of Indian stock market. The study considers the data of 312 sample firms listed on BSE 500 index. The event study methodology is used to assess the impact of COVID-19 on Indian stocks. The stocks were further divided into three categories high score (top 30% of firms), medium (middle 40% of firms) and low (bottom 30% of the firms). The results of the study suggest that the investors were more confident about the performance and revival of firms that carry high ESG scores than firms with low ESG scores. The investors are confident about the long-term prospects and sustainability of the firms, and they tend to hold their investment in the firms with high ESG scores.

READINESS OF MIGRANTS FROM UKRAINE FOR SOCIAL RISKS

The article aims to research the readiness of migrants from Ukraine to social challenges abroad. Research methods: analysis and generalization of literature and sociological research and theoretical generalization. The high rate of uncertainty avoidance and slow feedback to the employer show us that most migrants from Ukraine belong to the administrative type of organizational culture. The peculiarities of the organizational culture of migrants can lead to the fact that they can face significant social risks, namely the risk of being in the second or third sector of the global labor market. It also leads to a loss of competence and initiative, self-confidence, the ability to make decisions, seek and use feedback from the environment in the host countries, and the threat of "brain waste". Willingness to take risks among Ukrainian youth shows a consistently low rating against the background of the growing desire for material values. Risk readiness of the older generation among migrants from Ukraine practically does not differ from risk readiness among young people. The shares of migrants of both age groups who risked working abroad in the absence of any agreement are almost the same. This completely distinguishes them from young people abroad, who, according to surveys, are almost 100% ready to take risks. So, we can say that the competitiveness of young migrants from Ukraine is not enough for their status as "missionaries of market ideas". Moreover, the main source of resistance is the reluctance to take risks and the fear of private defeat. Rejection of risks in itself represents the most dangerous risk of building a non-market Ukraine.