Development Of Economic Sectors Research Articles

Legal regulation of the activities of cooperative societies in Eastern Galicia in the interwar period at the beginning of the ХХ century

Based on archival materials, legislative acts, and studies of contemporaries, the article attempts to highlight the role of legal regulation in the formation and development of the cooperative movement in the region. The study helps to better understand the complex interaction between political authorities and public initiatives in the context of socio-economic transformations of the interwar period in Eastern Galicia. The problem of legal regulation of the activities of cooperative societies in Eastern Galicia in the early twentieth century, in particular in the interwar period, is relevant and important for understanding the socio-economic processes of that time. A study of this issue will allow us to better understand the role and impact of the cooperative movement on the development of economic sectors and the lives of the local population. This article examines the legal environment in which cooperative societies operated in Eastern Galicia in the interwar period. The article analyses the legal acts regulating the status, rights and obligations of cooperative organisations and assesses their effectiveness and impact on the development of the cooperative movement (the Trade Law, the Law on Companies, the Ministry of Internal Affairs’ Order). However, the legal regulation of the activities of cooperative societies during this period remains poorly understood, especially in terms of their impact on community development and economic well-being of the region. The development of the Ukrainian cooperative movement in the nineteenth century coincided with the beginning of the capitalist industrialisation of Ukrainian lands. The Austrian government took this movement seriously, which was reflected in a large number of legislative initiatives of the Austrian Reichsrat. The government adopted various legal acts aimed at regulating the activities of voluntary associations, organisations and societies. Coverage of this topic will help to understand the mechanisms of functioning of cooperatives in the fields of production, trade and services, as well as their interaction with government agencies and other sectors of the economy. Further research on this topic could serve as a basis for developing recommendations for improving the legal environment for the development of the cooperative sector in modern Ukraine.

Engineering and management approach in the sphere of transport and logistics

The article is devoted to the analysis (consideration) of peculiarities of management in the sphere of transport at the present stage of social and technological development. The role of transport and infrastructure projects as a key element of the country’s economic development is described. Being linked into a single comprehensive plan, infrastructure solutions become the basis for the development of a country or territory. It was concluded that with the current form of organisation of transport activities, a two-circuit management system is believed to be optimal, when the role of the state is reduced to planning of long cycles and to the role of economic administrator. The private sector, individual carriers, small companies regulate the quality of service by individualising the supply. One of the most important points of contact between these systems is the sphere of education. The authors describe the concept of engineering and management approach to education. This approach will make it possible to systematically train specialists with both technological and managerial competencies which will become an impetus for the development of economic sectors and strengthening the technological sovereignty of the state. The purpose of the article is to determine the patterns of functioning of the transport and logistics sphere in the framework of supply-side economics, and to consider the engineering and management approach to the training of specialists (for the industry).

Development of China’s innovative infrastructure through public-private partnership

While determining plans for growth of gross domestic product targets in the 14th five-year plan, China outlined an infrastructure plan for the country’s development as one of the growth drivers, and thus prioritised mastery of new technologies and job creation. It is a formulated and implemented today in China dual circulation strategy. China is building an advanced digital and innovative infrastructure. Such a modern public-private partnership institution (hereinafter referred to as PPP), which became widespread in the world and in China, is the best example of the appropriateness of interaction of the public and private sectors in economic development of the state. This institution has proved its viability by combining the efforts and resources of the state and private business in the framework of specific projects and thus shaping a new quality of development. PPP is one of the most successful economic instruments for interaction of the state and private business in infrastructure development with raising capital. PPP shows its sustainability in China’s innovative economic life: civil aviation infrastructure, construction of high-speed railways, utilities in megalopolises. These are knowledge- and material-intensive projects where PPP are particularly effective in attracting capital and implementing projects. The purpose of this study is to analyse PPP development in China and participation of PPP in the development of China’s innovative infrastructure with the full support of the state.

APPLICATION OF THE NEURAL NETWORK AUTOREGRESSIVE (NNAR) METHOD FOR FORECASTING THE VALUE OF OIL AND GAS EXPORTS IN INDONESIA

Indonesia is one of the countries with the most diversity and abundant natural resources, consisting of many commodities, and has enormous trade potential with other countries The success of economic activity a country can be measured by the amount of economic growth that occurs in the country. A recession is when a country's economic condition is getting worse. Meanwhile, a recession in Indonesia is expected to occur in 2023. In a 2022 news issue written by the editorial team, tirto.id said that some experts say that if 2023 is a recession, the cause is due to a spike in inflation from the impact of the Russia-Ukraine conflict. It is known that the value of oil and gas exports affects the Indonesian economy. Any increase in the value of oil and gas exports will be followed by an increase in economic growth, and vice versa. However, over time, the value of oil and gas exports has decreased every year. Therefore, forecasting the value of oil and gas exports is needed so that the country's economic sector development strategy can be on target. In addition, oil and gas export forecasting is also needed to determine the distribution of goods exports that must be carried out. In this study, we forecast the value of oil and gas exports using the neural network autoregressive (NNAR) method. The choice of this method is made because there is no assumption of normality of the residuals and white noise like in autoregressive models. From the NNAR method, the best model results are obtained, namely NNAR (2,3) with a MAPE value of 11.75640%, which means that this model has very good forecasting performance.

Analysis of the dynamics and structure of greenhouse gas emissions in Russian agriculture

The problem of assessing the carbon footprint in the economy has recently received much attention in many countries around the world, including Russia. Given the importance of the problem of climate change, the urgent task is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to achieve international climate goals outlined by the Paris Climate Agreement and the Strategy for the socio-economic development of a country with low greenhouse gas emissions until 2050.Currently, the main global trend in the development of economic sectors is the implementation of ESG principles and a focus on the use of energy-saving technologies, therefore, special attention in all sectors of the economy is paid to the issues of accounting for greenhouse gas emissions and assessing their impact on climate change. Accounting, monitoring and justification of directions for reducing the carbon footprint is also an important task in the context of the formation of the Green Economy. Agriculture is in third place in terms of emissions after energy sector and industry sector. Regular monitoring of greenhouse gas emissions by source is necessary to effectively address the emissions problem and develop cost-effective public policy measures to ensure sustainable agricultural development and develop export potential.The purpose of the study is a comprehensive study of the volumes and sources of greenhouse gas emissions, the role of agriculture in the formation of the carbon footprint. The study examines in detail the volume and structure of greenhouse gas emissions in long-term dynamics for 1990–2022. The use of a number of statistical methods made it possible to establish a reduction in emissions in the agricultural sector, which is explained by a sharp reduction in resource potential and the increased use of resource-saving technologies in recent years.

Clustering of the Russian Federation regions by human capital development level

Subject. This article discusses the issues of heterogeneity of the socio-economic space of Russia. Objectives. The article aims to determine the priority areas of regional socio-economic policy depending on the level of human capital development. Methods. For the study, we used logical and statistical analyses. Results. The article finds that the regions of Russia differ significantly in terms of economic parameters and highlights general measures aimed at improving the quality of human capital. Relevance. The results of the study can be used to design programmes for the development of economic sectors.

Living standards of the population of Karakalpakstan and socio-economic development of the region: Main indicators

The article describes the large-scale work performed to increase the population’s income, improve the quality of education and health services, and provide housing. It also refers to the decrees and resolutions adopted in the following years concerning the comprehensive development of the Republic of Karakalpakstan. The living standards and welfare of the population, in the author’s opinion, depend on a number of factors, including the population’s income, health care, education, working conditions, the level of housing, natural gas, water supply, and a favorable environment. All this is the main goal of social development. The issues of effective use of socio-economic and production investment potential of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, engineering and communication provision of the territory, improvement of social and production infrastructure, development of economic sectors in order to provide employment and improve the living standards of the population have been analyzed. The questions of production and investment potential of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, development of entrepreneurial activity and stimulation of production of highly competitive products with high added value, expansion of available financial services for entrepreneurs, creation of infrastructural conditions for providing employment and achieving a new level of economic and social development of the region are also considered.

Теоретичні аспекти фіскального регулювання економічного розвитку держави

The current socio-economic situation of Ukraine can be characterized as difficult and tense as a result of military operations on the territory of the country, numerous destruction of infrastructure facilities, energy capacities and long-term decline, lack of modernization of production, wear and tear of fixed assets almost to zero. In these conditions, the issue of finding incentives from the state to carry out modernization measures for the restoration and creation of new energy capacities, which are based on new types of generation, is acute. For example, generation from renewable energy sources. Balanced fiscal policy and regulation can act as such a unique state development tool. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to determine the peculiarities of using fiscal regulation tools in the institutional space of the economy to support the development of certain industries, and primarily energy, with special attention to the experience of EU countries that have achieved significant success in using fiscal stimulation for the development of energy, especially renewable energy. In the modern economy, the state plays a key role in the regulation and development of the institutional space. For this, various instruments of fiscal regulation are used, which allow the state to influence economic processes and create favorable conditions for business development and investment stimulation. The experience of the EU shows that the most frequently used tool of fiscal support for the development of economic sectors, and primarily energy, is the use of energy subsidies and state intervention related to specific initiatives. The use of energy subsidies and state intervention in EU countries has already brought impressive results. There are already a number of countries in which the amount of electricity produced from renewable energy sources has already exceeded the amount of energy from traditional sources. Wide use of EU experience in Ukraine regarding fiscal support for energy development can help the development of the economy and the post-war recovery of the energy sector based on the development of new energy sources. The conducted research allows us to conclude that fiscal regulation is a powerful tool that governments can use to stimulate economic growth and development. Tax policy, government spending, budget deficit and debt management - all these tools can be effectively used to achieve the country's economic goals.

The impact of economic development of primary and secondary industries on national CO2 emissions: The case of Russian regions

In today's world, where economic development and environmental sustainability are becoming increasingly important aspects of national strategy, attention to the impact of different economic sectors on climate change is becoming an integral part of scientific research. This article focuses on analyzing the impact of primary and secondary economic sectors development on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions at the sub-national level in Russia from 2005 to 2019. The aim of the study is to provide an in-depth understanding of the relationships between the dynamics of these sectors and CO2 emission levels in different regions of the country. Weighted regression and panel data methods were applied to better identify the patterns of the impact. The results show that the size of population and electricity consumption have the highest impact on CO2 emissions. So that, the expansion of nuclear and gas generation capacity, as well as significant improvement of energy efficiency, are of crucial importance to reduce the emissions. Other sectors have a heterogeneous impact and requires more differential approaches, considering the specifics of regions. Taking into account the significant differences between the Russian constituent entities, this paper emphasizes the low informativeness of assessments at the national level and their inadequacy in terms of improving the efficiency of domestic management, including decarbonization policies.

Financial Sector Development, Savings and Economic Performance: A Theoretical Analysis

Purpose: This paper investigates the intricate relationship between financial sector development (FSD), savings behavior (SB), and economic performance (EP). Motivated by the critical role of the financial sector in economic development, our research aims to understand the nature of this relationship, addressing existing gaps in the literature.
 Methodology: The methodology used involves a literature review, the development of a theoretical model with clearly stated assumptions, and the formulation of a mathematical model to represent the relationships between key variables. A deductive approach to theoretical analysis is employed for the discussion and interpretation of findings, along with implications for policy and future research directions.
 Findings: The proposed theoretical model assumes rational economic agents, efficient financial markets, perfect information, and other factors to analyze these relationships. Mathematically, FSD positively influences SB, subsequently enhancing EP indicators like GDP growth, income distribution, and employment. The discussion aligns findings with existing literature, emphasizing implications for policymakers to prioritize FSD, enhance financial literacy, and incentivize savings.
 Unique contributor to theory, policy and practice: Acknowledging model limitations, future research should validate findings empirically, considering diverse economic conditions. This model contributes to understanding dynamic economic interactions, guiding empirical investigations and policy formulation concisely.

PENDAMPINGAN PENCATATAN DAN PEMBUKUAN SEDERHANA BAGI KELOMPOK UMKM DI KELURAHAN MELAYU KOTA PIRING

One of the most important business sectors for economic development is Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). However, MSME actors are still not aware of the development of the financial aspect. This is due to the lack of motivation and ability of MSME actors in managing their business finances. The purpose of this community service activity is to provide assistance to MSME actors regarding simple recording and bookkeeping so that in the future MSME actors master the basics and procedures for recording and simple bookkeeping so that they can make good financial reports. The method used is by way of mentoring. The results obtained from this activity are that MSME actors have new insights and abilities in carrying out this simple recording and bookkeeping

Family business in the Arabian Gulf region

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to provide some insights into the importance of family business in the transition of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region into a diversified, modern economic region.Design/methodology/approachThis is a viewpoint paper, bringing together recent relevant academic and industry literature combined with the authors' observations of emerging regional trends.FindingsThe authors find that family businesses have been an anchor of private sector economic development in the GCC. Family businesses across the region reflect both the challenges and opportunity of the context. Recent social and economic changes present challenges to the historical ways of operation, and yet they also present opportunities.Originality/valueThis paper is intended to be thought provoking and insightful for those in the region and those with an interest in the region. The unique social, historical and economic characteristics of the region are discussed along with their impact on family businesses.

METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THE DETERMINATION OF STRUCTURAL DISPROPORTIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF STRATEGIC PERSPECTIVES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR OF THE ECONOMY

Topicality. In the economy of Ukraine, there are macroeconomic, inter- and intra-sectoral, regional disparities, the appearance of which is due to the existing structure of the economy, the focus on raw material exports, low-tech production, uneven inter-sectoral development, the discrepancy between the needs of the regions and their returns, and many other reasons. The presence of these disparities not only slows down the development of the economy, but also threatens the economic security of Ukraine.Aim and tasks. Taking into account the specified strategic directions, the following tasks are set in the work: to determine the factors influencing the economy and its sectors, which lead to the emergence of structural disparities, to determine the peculiarities inherent in the agro-industrial sector, to identify and systematize the influencing factors in order to develop a strategy and management system based on resilience, to develop methodological approaches to identifying structural disparities in the agri-food sector of the economy.Materials and Methods. Identification of structural disparities, assessment of their effect and depth was carried out using methods of analysis and synthesis, scientific abstraction and statistical grouping, which made it possible to analyze the nature of the process of formation of disparities, to determine the most persistent violations of proportionality at all levels of development of the agro-food sector with the aim of targeted application of preventive prevention measures their negative impact and constructive way out of crisis situations.Research results. From the point of view of the axiomatic of the theory of complex systems, the mechanism of the emergence of structural disparities has been clarified, as a response to a high level of complexity, a rapid change in influencing factors that determine the dynamics of the development of the agro-food sector of the economy, and numerical risks caused by uncertainty, which provokes the emergence of conflict between individual subsystems of the agricultural sector. Priority zones of disproportionality were determined by studying the structure of the population according to individual characteristics.Conclusion. Ensuring sustainable development of the country and its economic security is achieved by the ability to resist the action of external and internal factors, existing and newly created at any economic level of disparities. The peculiarities of the strategy for the development of economic sectors on the basis of resilience are determined. It is shown that the implementation of such a strategy, for any sector of the economy, is based on a well-founded objective and the conclusions of the analysis of modern challenges and the intersection of the interests of market players.

Лесная промышленность горного региона: оценка территориальной организации и рисков развития (по материалам Республики Тыва)

Searching for ways to develop the territories along the eastern border of Russia, including mountainous areas, their manufacturing sectors, among them those in the forestry complex, becomes extremely relevant in current conditions due to the sanctions imposed by the Western countries. In keeping with the goals of this paper and based on studying the stages in the development of economic sectors, analysis and synthesis of data from official statistical sources and authorities as well as modeling of future processes in the mining region, it has been established that in such border mountainous regions of the country as the Republic of Tyva do not fully utilize the existing potential and opportunities for the development of manufacturing, exportoriented industries, especially in the timber industry. In particular, it is shown that in this region, half of the territory of which is covered with forests, there exists a significant potential to increase the volume of harvesting, treatment and deep processing of forest resources (including the volumes of timber up to 1500 thousand m³ per year) and the production of high-quality goods, including the export-oriented ones, provided that environmental protection measures are taken and the level of environmental risks is reduced. The formation of the necessary favorable legislative and legal conditions is proposed for the development of the forest industry in a depressive mountainous region.

Assessment of structural disparities of the region from the perspective of ensuring economic security

Subject. The article discusses the formation of a competitive economy. Objectives. The article aims to analyze the causes of the uneven development of economic sectors of the Republic of Mordovia. Methods. For the study, I used the methods of indicative, statistical, and structural analyses. Results. Based on the analysis of data for the Republic of Mordovia, the article shows what are the causes of sectoral and spatial disparities in the Republic. Conclusions. A competitive economy in Russia can be formed only taking into account the logic of sectoral disparities at the regional level. It is necessary to develop measures to ensure a balanced spatial development of the country.

Environmental quality assessment and spatial spillover effects of three urban agglomerations in China: A Meta-EBM approach

The new development form of urban agglomeration has greatly promoted economic and social progress in recent years, but it is also facing severe environmental pollution problems. Understanding the status quo of environmental efficiency in urban agglomerations and its leading driving forces is an important prerequisite for formulating energy conservation and emission reduction policies. This research uses the Meta Epsilon Based Measure (Meta-EBM) model to measure the environmental emission efficiency of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei（BTH）, Yangtze River Delta (YRD) and Pearl River Delta (PRD) urban agglomerations in China from 2014 to 2018 so as to improve on the inability of traditional Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to combine linear and non-linear characteristics, and employs Moran's I index and spatial econometric methods to analyze their spatial dependence and main driving factors. The results demonstrate that the overall environmental efficiency of the three major urban agglomerations in the five years from 2014 to 2018 presents a wave-like development and then tends to be flat. The itemized efficiency of economic outputs has maintained a relatively high level with the environmental output index exhibiting the best efficiency for industrial wastewater, followed by industrial sulfur dioxide (SO2). The scores of the two indicators for inhalable fine particle emissions (PM2.5) and industrial smoke and dust in each urban agglomeration are not ideal, and there are obvious differences between regions. Among them, YRD and PRD are relatively inferior. From the perspective of spatial spillover effects, various indicators show diverse characteristics at different development stages of the regions. Population and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) have a positive effect on environmental efficiency, while both Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita and transportation tend to show greater negative effects on regional environmental optimization. This study proposes countermeasures as follows. Each urban agglomeration should set up measures suitable to local conditions and give full play to their location advantages. They can also use space radiation to promote sector economic development and optimize urban environmental benefits.

THE IMPACT OF UNIONIZATION IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR: FARMER PERCEPTIONS AND BEHAVIOR

For centuries, agriculture has been one of the vital sectors in economic development; its role in developing economies and rural development is still inevitable. Rising food and energy prices and the negative effects of climate change can be more problematic for middle-smallholder farmers or family enterprises and low-qualified farmworkers. To overcome them, unionization and cooperatives in agriculture may present a viable option. Unionization in agriculture can be a solution for vulnerable parts of agriculture, such as workers who are exploited by working cheap and long hours and small and family businesses in a market where cooperatives are disrupted. This study focuses on the impact of unionization in the agricultural market by exploring farmer behavior. World Values Survey Data (Wave 7) was applied to reveal the factors affecting farmers' perception of the economic and social factors from different countries by segmenting union members and non-members using binomial logistic regression models. The findings show that unionized farmers have different motivations than non-members. Income targeting policies are essential to support agri-business owners.

The Role Of The Service Sector In Economic Development

Պետության տնտեսական զարգացումը բնորոշող ամենակարևոր ցուցանիշներից մեկը տնտեսական աճի ցուցանիշն է, որն էլ արդյունք է արտադրության ծավալների ավելացման, բնակչության բարեկեցության մակարդակի բարելավման, անհատների և պետական եկամուտների ավելացման: Հոդվածի արդիականությունը. բավականին երկար ժամանակ տնտեսության զարգացումն ապահովող հիմնական ուղղությունը արտադրությունն ու արդյունաբերությունն էր։ Անցյալ դարի կեսերից ավելի ու ավելի տարածված է դարձել ծառայությունների ոլորտը, որի աճը, ըստ հետազոտողների, ենթադրաբար ճնշում է տնտեսական զարգացումը: Հետևաբար, հոդվածի հիմնական նպատակն է բացահայտել ծառայությունների ոլորտի ազդեցությունը երկրի տնտեսական զարգացման վրա: Այս նպատակին հասնելու համար սահմանվում են հետևյալ խնդիրները: Один из самых важных индикаторов, характерных для экономического развития государства является индикатор экономического роста или ВВП роста. В самом деле, экономический рост является результатом увеличения объемов производства, улучшения благосостояния населения, и увеличения доходов населения и правительства. Актуальность статьи. Довольно долгое время основным направлением, обеспечивающим развитие экономики, было производство и промышленность. С середины прошлого века все более популярным стал сектор услуг, рост которого, как выяснили исследователи, предположительно подавляет экономическое развитие. Поэтому основной целью статьи является выявление влияния сектора услуг на экономическое развитие страны.

Intensive training of specialists in the technical direction of professional English-language terminology within the framework of innovative development of economic sector

Intensive training of specialists in the technical direction of professional English-language terminology within the framework of innovative development of economic sector

Forecasting the Performance of PT Pertamina’s Petrochemical Products During the Covid-19 Pandemic Era

The industrial sector is a vital sector in economic development and growth in Indonesia. The industrial sector is also a dominating energy user. This research purposed to examine projected demand for petrochemicals after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study was a quantitative research with the exploratory and descriptive approach; spesifically using forecasting methods (Vector Autoregressive (VAR)). VAR is a multivariate forecasting model used to build a forecasting system from interrelated time series data. The results of the analysis prediction shows that the demand for petrochemicals will increase starting in 2021. The risk impact caused by COVID -19 is estimated to be more significant, with Petrochemical products are Aromatic 45%, Bitumen 45%, and Special Chemical 41%. The effect of COVID-19 in reducing the economy causes the industry to reduce the amount of production.