Sphagnum carolinianum sp. nov. is a Cuspidata-like Subsecunda of the southeastern United States coastal plain. It differs from S. lescurii in its multi- layered stem cortex and stem leaves with hyaline cells possessing two or more par- allel septations. Sphagnum crispum sp. nov., a rare taxon of the western North American mountains, resembles S. subsecundum but has poorly developed branch leaf porosity and a very distinctive crisped aspect when dry. Two Sphagnum species in section Subsecunda can be described as new to North Amer- ica. SPHAGNUM CAROLINIANUM Andrus, sp. nov. (FIG. 1-4, 11-15, 18, 19) Plantae S. lescurii Sull. similes. Different a S. lescurii cellulis hyalinis foliorum caulinorum mul- tiseptatis et halodermide caulina multistratosa. Epidermis caulina bi- vel tristratosa, cylindro lignoso distinct diverso. Folia caulina lingulata vel triangulo-lingulata, 0.7-1.5 mm longa, cellulis 2-4-septatis cellulis in medio folii 2-3-paralleliseptatis. Plants moderate to large in size, stiff and green to dark brown, with the aspect of a small S. torreyanum, or, in dark brown aquatic forms, a compact S. macrophyllum. Stem cortical cells thin-walled, enlarged, and in 2-3 layers; stem typically light green but grading to dark brown in some dark brown forms. Stem leaves lingulate to lingulate triangular, 0.7-1.5 mm long (to 3 mm in isophyllous forms), unbordered or weakly bordered; apex erose; hyaline cells mostly 1 septate but in a few cells with 2-3 parallel septations, efibrillose to fibrillose throughout, pores present in hemiisophyllous and isophyllous forms. Branches in emergent forms in fascicles of 4 (2 spreading and 2 hanging), these reduced in aquatic forms to 2 per fascicle. Branch leaves straight, slightly to broadly spreading, ovate lanceolate and moderate to large in size; chlorophyll cells rectangular to elliptical-rectangular, exposed ? equally on both surfaces; hyaline cells on the convex surface with 4 to 8 gm diameter round to elliptic pores in ? continuous rows along the commissures, the concave surface aporose or with some porosity as on the convex surface.