Seconds In Group Research Articles

Comparing the Efficacy of 8.4% and 7.5% Buffered Lidocaine during Surgical Removal of Impacted Mandibular Third Molar- A Split Mouth Double Blinded Randomized Controlled Study.

Conventional injection technique with adrenaline during removal of impacted third molar of mandible had proportionally increased pain during administration with slow onset of action and shorter duration of anesthesia. The purpose of this study was to compare the effective nature of 8.4% and 7.5% buffered lidocaine hydrochloride during surgical removal of mandibular impacted third molar. This prospective crossover study included 50 patients requiring bilateral removal of impacted mandibular third molars. Group I included 50 impacted mandibular third molars that were administered with 8.4% buffered lidocaine hydrochloride and group II included 50 impacted mandibular third molars were administered with 7.5% buffered lidocaine hydrochloride. The outcome variables were pain on injection, time of onset of anesthesia, and duration of action of anesthesia. The above parameters were recorded by the investigator and statistically analyzed through Chi-square test using SPSS software. Patients in group I had mild pain (1.02) and patients in group II (5.74) had moderate pain with a statistical significance of p< 0.05 for group I respectively. The mean onset of action of anesthesia in group I was 0.08 seconds and 0.59 seconds in group II (p< 0.05). The duration of anesthesia was 342.51 minutes from group I and 122.06 minutes in group II (p< 0.05) respectively. Lidocaine hydrochloride buffered with 8.4 % sodium bicarbonate was found to be more effective in reduction of pain during injection, also had a faster onset of action and longer duration of the action of anesthesia when compared to 7.5% buffered lidocaine hydrochloride.

Effect of transdermally applied nitroglycerin or lidocaine before transradial coronary angiography on procedure success and complications

Objective: We investigated the effect of transdermal nitroglycerin or lidocaine application on puncture time, number, and complications in patients who underwent transradial coronary angiography. Methods: Patients with topical saline applied to the radial artery before the procedure were designated as Group 1 (n=59), those with topical nitrate were designated as Group 2 (n=43), and those with topical lidocaine were designated as Group 3 (n=40). The groups' puncture time, number, and complication rates were compared. Results: While our average puncture time was 142±122 seconds in all patients, this time was measured as 171±131 seconds in Group 1, 88±48 seconds in Group 2, and 157±146 seconds in Group 3 (P=0.021). During the procedure, radial artery spasm was observed in 15.2% of patients in Group 1, 6.9% in Group 2, and 12.5% in Group 3 (P=0.043). Radial artery occlusion was seen in 8% of patients in Group 1, and 2.5% in Group 3, while it was not observed at all in the nitrate-applied group (P=0.041). Conclusion: The topical application of nitroglycerin before transradial angiography is a feasible strategy to reduce radial puncture time and number, facilitate trans-radial catheterization, and decrease the incidence of radial artery spasm and occlusion.

MAGnetic REtriaval Device for Minimally Invasive Ureter Stent Removal.

Purpose: To assess the effectiveness and pain intensity associated with magnetic ureteral stent removal using a retriever, without the aid of ultrasound guidance. Methods: We prospectively enrolled 100 patients who underwent retrograde rigid and flexible ureterorenoscopy with or without laser lithotripsy for ureteronephrolithiasis treatment from September 2021 to June 2023. These patients were assigned in two groups. Group 1 underwent the traditional ureteral stent insertion, while Group 2 underwent magnetic ureteral stent insertion. Both insertion and removal times were documented. The indwelling time for ureteral stents was 14 days. One group underwent stent removal via flexible cystoscopy using grasping forceps and the other group using just a magnetic retriever, without the aid of ultrasound guidance. The numeric pain rating scale, recommendation rate, and a standardized self-answered ureter stent symptoms questionnaire (USSQ) were obtained directly after stent removal. Results: Both groups presented comparable characteristics in factors such as age, body mass index, history of stone treatments, procedure type, and complication rates during and post-surgery. Time taken for ureteral stent insertion did not differ significantly between the groups (131.2 seconds for Group 1 vs 159.1 seconds for Group 2). However, the stent removal time (152.1 seconds for Group 1 vs 35.4 seconds for Group 2) and pain intensity (6 for Group 1 vs 2 for Group 2) were significantly lower for Group 2. Furthermore, five out of the six sections of the USSQ showed significantly better results for Group 2. Conclusions: The use of magnetic ureteral stents, as a safe and efficient alternative to conventional ureteral stents, not only eliminates the need for cystoscopy but also conserves resources and reduces patient discomfort.

Clinical Assessment of the Ambu® Aura-i™ as an Independent Ventilatory Device and Conduit for Fiberoptic-Guided Endotracheal Intubation in Adults.

Background and aim A novel supraglottic airway device of the second generation is the Ambu® Aura-i™. It is designed to accommodate standard cuffed tracheal tubes and is phthalate-free and compatible with MRI. The primary objectives of the research were to examine the properties and efficiency of Ambu® Aura-i™ as a means of enabling fiberoptic-guided intubation, the view of the glottis during fiber optic examination, the duration of intubation in fiber optic bronchoscopy, the ease of intubation, the success rate of intubation, and the duration for device removal from the tracheal tube. Methodology A hospital-based descriptive observational study was conducted with 80 patients. An adequately sized Ambu® Aura-i™ was placed after general anesthesia was induced. Following a fiberoptic examination of the view of the glottis through the Ambu® Aura-i™, the trachea was intubated under fiberoptic guidance. The Ambu® Aura-i™ insertion time, glottic view grading, ease of intubation, and time required for fiberoptic-guided intubation were recorded. Also, the time taken to remove the Ambu® Aura-i™ was documented. Results Similar levels of ease were experienced by both groups after inserting the Ambu® Aura-i™, being easy in both group 1 (37/40) and in group 2 (38/40). In group 1, the average time taken to insert the Ambu® Aura-i™ was 13.53±1.91 seconds, while in group 2, it was 13.98±2.4 seconds. The average time required for fiberoptic-guided intubation was found to be 14.95±1.85 seconds in group 1 and 14.15±1.37 seconds in group 2, indicating a statistically negligible variation. Conclusion The low cost of Ambu® Aura-i™, size suitability and availability for almost all age groups, compatibility with MRI machines, and availability in phthalate-free versions contribute to it being a more appealing and useful ventilatory device, as well as an intubation tool for both normal and emergency airway management.

A comparison of the effects of succinylcholine and rocuronium on recovery time from anesthesia and vital signs in electroconvulsive therapy

Aims: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is based on stimulation of brain tissue with an electrical current and the induction of generalized convulsions. The aim of this study was to compare the use of rocuronium as a muscle relaxant and sugammadex as an antidote during ECT with succinylcholine in terms of its effect on adequate anesthesia, hemodynamics, and recovery. Methods: This study was planned as a single-center prospectively collected and retrospectively analyzed observational cohort study. Patients were divided into two groups as group S (succinylcholine) and group R+S (rocuronium and sugammadex). Patients were premedicated with 0.5 mg of atropine I.M. half an hour before the procedure. Propofol 1mg/kg was administered as an induction agent in both groups, succinylcholine 1mg/kg in Group S, and rocuronium 0.4mg/kg in Group R+S. Sugammadex 2mg/kg was administered as a rocuronium antidote. Vital signs were monitored throughout the procedure with ECG, spo2, and blood pressure monitoring. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (Group S and Group R+S) in the time to return for spontaneous respiration (p=0.002). The mean SSS value was 111.78 seconds in Group S and 88.82 seconds in Group R+S. There was a statistically significant difference between the spontaneous eye-opening times between Group S and Group R+S. (p=0.017) The mean SGA value was 211.42 seconds in Group S and 173.12 seconds in Group R+S. There was a statistically significant difference between Group S and Group R+S in the duration of modified Aldrete score 9 (p=0.000&lt;0.05). The mean duration of MAS 9 was 542.60 seconds in Group S and 410.54 seconds in Group R+S. Conclusion: In conclusion, although the high cost of rocuronium sugammadex limits its routine use in ECT anesthesia, it can be used as an ideal alternative agent in cases where succinylcholine is contraindicated or anticholinesterases are not suitable because it shortens the recovery time and the time to return of spontaneous respiration compared to succinylcholine.

Bovine Pericardium Treated with Polyethylene Glycol and Ethanol Versus Pericranium for Duraplasty: A Pilot Study in Supratentorial Neurosurgery

Watertight closure of dura mater after intracranial surgery can avoid cerebrospinal fluid leakage and central nervous system infection and herniation. When primary closure is not possible, the pericranium is the preferential choice. When it is not available, a dural substitute becomes necessary. Bovine pericardium treated with polyethylene glycol and ethanol is herein tested as a dural substitute. A pilot study comparing bovine pericardium with pericranium in supratentorial neurosurgery was performed. Twenty patients were initially allocated into a bovine pericardium group (group 1) or a pericranium group (group 2). Three patients from group 1 and 2 from group 2 had a loss of follow-up, being excluded. In the remaining 15 patients, epidemiological analysis demonstrated a male:female ratio of 3:4 and 4:4 for groups 1 and 2. Ages varied from 28 to 68 (Mean= 49.6) in group 1 and 40-80 (Mean= 61.2) in group 2, with a mean difference of 11.68years (P= 0.09). Two cases of surgical site infection and 1 of hydrocephalus were observed. Although the calculated relative risk for complications was higher in group 1 (Relative Risk= 1.08), Fisher exact test demonstrated no statistically significant difference between groups (P= 1.00). Procedure mean time was 23minutes and 11seconds in group 1 versus 27minutes and 55seconds in group 2 (P= 0.47). Mean graft area was 13.17 and 6.23cm2 in groups 1 and 2 (P= 0.02). Bovine pericardium treated with polyethylene glycol and ethanol was comparable to pericranium as a dural substitute. More studies are encouraged to certify our findings.

Flow capsulorhexis: A novel technique in white and hypermature cataracts.

We described a novel "flow capsulorhexis" technique in white and hypermature cataracts and compared it with the standard "needle decompression capsulorhexis" technique. Six hundred and eight eyes of 420 patients with intumescent or non-intumescent mature white cataracts who had undergone phacoemulsification or manual small incision cataract surgery with "flow capsulorhexis" (Group 1) or "needle decompression capsulorhexis" (Group 2) were assessed. The mean continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC) completion time was 6.6 ± 3.4 seconds in Group 1 and 10.4 ± 4.2 seconds in Group 2 (P < 0.001). The mean number of times for an ophthalmic viscosurgical device (OVD) supplement was 0.4 ± 0.2 and 1.8 ± 0.8 in Group 1 and Group 2, respectively (P < 0.001). CCC success rate was 95.8% in Group 1 and 87.2% in Group 2 (P = 0.001). The new technique was observed to have better outcomes in terms of surgical time, OVD supplement times, and success rate than the standard needle decompression technique.

Comparison of Lignocaine with Ondansetron for Attenuation of Propofol Induced Pain in Adult Patient Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Comparative Randomized Study.

Background: Propofol is a non-opioid intravenous anesthetic agent and it is most commonly used for induction of anesthesia but it has a consistent side-effect of pain when it is injected intravenously. Aim of our study was to compare lignocaine and ondansetron for attenuation of pain on propofol injection in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods: 100 patients planned for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were enrolled for this comparative randomized study. Group L (Lignocaine) – Patients received Inj. Lignocaine 0.5 mg/kg 1 minute before inducing with injection propofol. Group O (Ondansetron) – Patients received Inj. Ondansetron 0.1mg/kg 1 minute before inducing with injection propofol. The patient was evaluated for pain during injection using a four-point scale of 5 seconds and 15 seconds after the propofol injection. Chi-squared test, Fisher’s exact test, and Mann-Whitney test were used for data analysis. Result: Demographic data in group L and group O were similar. The mean± SD pain score during the first 5 seconds in group O was 0.38 ± 0.57 while in group L was 0.02 ± 0.14 (p&lt;0.001). The mean± SD post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) score during the first hour in group O was 0.08 ± 0.27 while in group L was 1.96 ± 1.160 (p&lt;0.001). Conclusion: We concluded that lignocaine was found more effective than ondansetron for attenuation of propofol-induced pain and post-operative nausea vomiting was much lower than by ondansetron as compared to lignocaine.

Effectiveness of buffered and non-buffered local anaesthetic in inferior alveolar nerve block: a randomised study

The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of buffered and non-buffered local anaesthetic (LA) following inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB). This study was conducted at Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto from June 2020 to January 2021. Subjects were randomised into Groups A and B. Group A received 2 ml of freshly prepared 2% lignocaine with 1:100,000 adrenaline buffered with 0.18 ml of 8.4% sodium bicarbonate solution while those in Group B received non-buffered 2% lignocaine with 1:100,000 adrenaline LA solutions. The onset of action of the LA was assessed by subjective and objective methods, while pain at the injection site was assessed using a numerical rating scale. Data obtained were analysed using statistical package for social sciences (IBM SPSS) version 21. The mean (SD) ages for Groups A and B were 37.4 (14.9) and 40.1 (14.4) years, respectively. The mean (SD) onset times of the LA by subjective testing were 126 (31.7) and 201 (66.8) seconds for Groups A and B, respectively. Similarly, the mean (SD) onset times of the local anaesthesia by objective testing for Groups A and B were 186 (41.0) and 287 (85.0) seconds, respectively, and both were significant (p<0.001). Pain at the injection site assessed objectively and subjectively were also statistically different (p<0.001). The findings of this study suggest that buffered LA is more effective than non-buffered LA of the same composition when used for IANB particularly concerning a significantly faster rate of onset and less pain at the injection site.

MP26-18 HOLMIUM VERSUS TRILOGY IN KIDNEY STONES GUY&amp;ACUTE;S 1-2 (TRIHOLMIUM) PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 Apr 2023MP26-18 HOLMIUM VERSUS TRILOGY IN KIDNEY STONES GUY&ACUTE;S 1-2 (TRIHOLMIUM) PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS Braulio Manzo, Edgard Lozada, Pompeyo Alarcon, Edson Flores, Juan Galvan, Yonathan Gomez, Jonathan Jimenez, and Allan Casale Braulio ManzoBraulio Manzo More articles by this author , Edgard LozadaEdgard Lozada More articles by this author , Pompeyo AlarconPompeyo Alarcon More articles by this author , Edson FloresEdson Flores More articles by this author , Juan GalvanJuan Galvan More articles by this author , Yonathan GomezYonathan Gomez More articles by this author , Jonathan JimenezJonathan Jimenez More articles by this author , and Allan CasaleAllan Casale More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003254.18AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: The desire to reduce complications related to percutaneous access and morbidity related to tract size has led researchers to evaluate PCNL using smaller-caliber instruments. In this context, mini-PCNL has emerged. Furthermore, its efficacy and safety have been demonstrated at the cost of a lower stone-free rate. Currently, mini-PCNL has been performed with High power laser lithotripsy; therefore, it is convenient to make a comparison between the results of lithotripsy with Ho:YAG laser energy and the new LithoClast Trilogy EMS; and thereby determine which is the most effective method in the resolution of kidney stones through a miniaturized percutaneous tract. METHODS: A total of 116 patients will be subjected to simple randomization with a table of random numbers; 58 patients will undergo a mini-PCNL with Trilogy EMS probe 1.5 mm (Group1), and the remaining will undergo mini-PCNL with 100 W laser lithotripsy (group 2). Comparing both groups will be made by evaluating lithotripsy rate, stone-free status, operation time, and complications. RESULTS: We present the preliminary results of 32 randomized patients (18 in group 1 and 14 in group 2). Demographic data were homogeneous between both groups, including age, the side affected, BMI, maximum stone diameter, and stone volume (p values: 0.362, 0.221, 0.441, 0.569, and 0.120, respectively). Total fluoroscopy screening time was 24.3 and 26.4 seconds for groups 1 and 2, respectively (p: 0.547). Endoscopic stone-free status at the end of the surgical procedure was not statistically different in both groups (p: 0.394). Lithotripsy rate (195.09 sd 82.9 group 1 vs 202.7 sd: 99.38 for group 2) and operative time (94.28 sd: 34 for group1 vs 81.2 sd: 28.8 for group 2) were not statistically different in both groups (p: 0.815 and p: 0.268, respectively). The overall mean stone-free rate was 78.9 % (80.9% and 76.9%, respectively, with a p-value: of 0.371). The complications rate was similar in both groups (5.6 vs. 7.1% for groups 1 and 2, respectively, with a p-value: of 0.854). CONCLUSIONS: Our preliminary data show that mini-PCNL with Trilogy lithotripsy (1.5 mm probe) shows similar results and efficacy to the current energy to perform mini-PCNL (high power holmium laser) by means of stone-free rate, lithotripsy rate, operative time, and complications rate. Source of Funding: None © 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 209Issue Supplement 4April 2023Page: e360 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Braulio Manzo More articles by this author Edgard Lozada More articles by this author Pompeyo Alarcon More articles by this author Edson Flores More articles by this author Juan Galvan More articles by this author Yonathan Gomez More articles by this author Jonathan Jimenez More articles by this author Allan Casale More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Partial vs full glottic view with CMACTM D blade intubation of airway with simulated cervical spine injury: a randomized controlled trial

ABSTRACT Purpose A previous study reported a shorter time to tracheal intubation by reducing percentage of glottic opening (POGO) view to <50% when intubating a normal adult airway using the GlidescopeTM blade. We evaluate the efficacy of reducing POGO to <50% when intubating patients with rigid cervical immobilization using CMACTM D blade. Methods One hundred and four adult patients were randomized to group POGO 100% or POGO <50% . Laryngoscopy was performed by advancing tip of the D blade at vallecula. POGO 100% was achieved by exerting upward force to displace epiglottis until glottic opening from the anterior commissure to inter arytenoid notch. POGO < 50% was acquired by withdrawing the D blade tip dorsally from vallecula. The primary outcome was time to intubation. Results The median time (IQR) to successful intubation was 29 (25–35) seconds for group POGO < 50% and 34 (28–40) seconds for group with POGO 100% (difference in medians, 5 seconds; 95% confidence interval, 2 to 8, p = 0.003). Complications were minor. Conclusion Using the CMACTM D blade with a reduced POGO in patients with cervical spine immobilization resulted in faster tracheal intubation. Trial registration The trial is registered at ClinicalTrial.gov (CT.gov identifier: NCT 04833166)

Comparison of Bupivacaine with Two Different Doses of Clonidine under Spinal Anaesthesia in Infraumbilical SurgeriesA Randomised Clinical Study

Introduction: Spinal anaesthesia is known as a safe and effective way to give anaesthesia during infraumbilical and lower limb surgeries. Intrathecal clonidine is a safe non opioid adjuvant used with local anaesthetics to prolong sensory and motor block, promotes sedation and analgesia. Aim: To compare the effects of bupivacaine with two different doses of clonidine under spinal anaesthesia in infraumbilical surgeries. Materials and Methods: This randomised double-blinded study was conducted in the Department of Anaesthesiology at Hind Institute Of Medical Science, Sitapur, Uttar Pradesh, India. The duration of the study was 19 months, from January 2021 to August 2022. A total of 60 patients (36 males and 24 females) were enrolled in the study and were randomly assigned to one of two groups (group A and group B) of 30 patients each. Group A bupivacaine heavy 12.5 mg with 15 mcg of clonidine, total volume 3 mL and group B bupivacaine heavy 12.5 mg with 30 mcg of clonidine, total volume 3 mL. The study parameters were: onset of sensory and motor block, duration of postoperative analgesia and any side effects (hypotension, bradycardia, sedation or any other). The statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 21.0. Results: The mean age of the study participants group A (44.51±12.84) years and group B (42.28±13.12) years. The demographical data showed comparable findings. The mean of onset of sensory (160.37±33.64) seconds and motor block (197.2±12.36) seconds in group B was statistically lower than group A. The mean duration of analgesia in group A (302.58±18.62) minutes was lower than group B (318.73±29.46) minutes. The mean Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score was higher at every follow-up in group A as compared to in group B. The mean Ramsay sedation score was significantly higher in Group B at every follow-up than in group A. Conclusion: Spinal anaesthesia performed with 0.5% bupivacaine heavy with 30 mcg clonidine was proven to be a more effective adjuvant in providing early onset of the sensory and motor blockade intraoperatively and prolongation of the duration of effective postoperative analgesia when compare to 15 mcg clonidine.

A comparative study based on two different stretching protocol of 30 second vs 10 second for piriformis tightness

Piriformis syndrome, a prevalent cause of low back discomfort around the world, is caused by muscular tightness. By serving as an external rotator, a weak hip abduction, and a weak hip flexor, the piriformis muscle promotes postural stability when walking and standing. Stretching aids in decreasing the stiffness of the Piriformis muscle at rest, as well as the risk of Sciatic compression caused by Piriformis tightness. Reduce discomfort and muscular tightness while increasing range of motion. The experiment will be a randomized trial. A total of 20 persons would be chosen for the study based on the inclusion or exclusion criteria from AVBRH &amp; RNPC, Sawangi Meghe. The study will last six months. Twenty participants were divided into two groups. All groups received an ice pack approximately 10 minutes prior to stretching, and all groups received static stretching. Stretching is done for 30 seconds in group A and 10 seconds in group B. The key outcome measurements for the patient should be the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), range of motion evaluation using a universal goniometer, FAIR test, and SLR. The patient's predicted outcome may be that 30 seconds with stretching is more beneficial than 10 seconds of stretching since the longer stretching period has a bigger impact on the release of piriformis stiffness and the patient may be capable of performing compensatory movements as a result. This research gives the patient a recovery plan that will help him reduce discomfort, improve strength and range of motion, and return to normal activities.

Effects of systemic anti-androgen drugs on the ocular surface

To investigate the effect of systemic anti-androgen drugs on tear function tests and the ocular surface. Sixty-four male subjects were included in this study. Subjects who were on anti-androgen treatment for prostate cancer (Group A, n: 31) and those who had received only surgical treatment for prostate cancer (Group B, n: 17) were recruited from the department of urology. Age-matched subjects who had never received anti-androgen treatment (Group C, n: 16) constituted the control group. Group A was divided into two subgroups according to the number of anti-androgen drugs used (Group A1: one drug, Group A2: two drugs). All cases underwent a complete ocular examination, including tear film break up time (TBUT), corneal and conjunctival staining, Schirmer 1 test, conjunctival impression cytology, and ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire. The mean Schirmer's values were 6.87mm, 11.41mm, and 13.03mm in Groups A, B, and C, respectively (P=0.001). TBUT was 5.45±2.01, 9.85±2.52 and 9.81±1.96seconds in Groups A, B, and C, respectively (P=0.001). Schirmer and TBUT were significantly lower, and corneal staining and OSDI questionnaire scores were higher in Group A compared to groups B and C (P<0.01). Conjunctival impression cytology results according to the Nelson grading system revealed no statistically significant difference between the groups (P=0.422). Anti-androgen drugs alter tear function tests, cause increased corneal and conjunctival staining scores and worsen complaints of dry eye in patients with prostate cancer.

Comparative study between McCoy laryngoscope versus the tascope in orotracheal intubation in adult surgical patients undergoing general anaesthesia

Introduction: McCoy laryngoscope and video laryngoscopes are being increasingly used as they offer advantages over the conventional laryngoscopes in airway management. The aim of this study is to compare and evaluate the efficacy of McCoy laryngoscope and TAScope in providing good glottic view and ease of intubation and observing the hemodynamic stress response. Materials and Methods: It is a randomised study including 60 patients aged 18-60 years with ASA grade I and II, divided equally in Group M and Group T, posted for elective surgery. Ease of intubation was evaluated by intubation difficulty score(IDS). Hemodynamic parameters, intubation time and airway trauma were compared in both the groups. Results: IDS TOTAL was higher in group M and was statistically significant (p&lt;0.001). The mean time taken for intubation in group T was 46.08seconds and 26.53seconds in group M (p&lt;0.001). There was a transient increase in pulse and blood pressure after laryngoscopy in both the groups but rise were less in group T. Less airway trauma was observed in group M as compared to group T. TAScope took more time compared to McCoy but it resulted in better first attempt intubation, provided more haemodynamic stability and less airway trauma as compared to McCoy.

Impact of various dentinal drying methods on the adhesion of glass ionomer restorations to primary teeth

Background: Air drying is considered the most simple and effective method to achieve solvent evaporation. The present study was conducted to assess Impact of various dentinal drying methods on the adhesion of glass ionomer restorations to primary teeth. Materials &amp; Methods: 90 primary teeth of both genders were grounded to a flat dentinal surface. Specimens were randomly divided into three groups. Group I were subjected to air dry, group II to blot dry, and group III to suction dry. Each group comprised of 30 teeth. 10 specimens from each group were dried for 2 seconds, 5 seconds, and 10 seconds. Results: Group I teeth were subjected to air dry, group II to blot dry, and group III to suction dry. Each group comprised of 30 teeth. The mean shear bond strength at 2 seconds, 5 seconds, and 10 seconds in group I was 3.2, 5.4 and 5.3 respectively. The mean bond strength was 2.6. 3.5 and 4.6 in group II and 3.1, 4.2 and 4.0 in group III respectively. The difference was significant (P&lt; 0.05). Conclusion: The maximum shear bond strength of the glass ionomer restoration was observed in the air?dry group.

Comparison between Direct Laryngoscopy with and without Aerosol Box for Intubation in Patients Undergoing General Anaesthesia during COVID-19 PandemicA Randomised Controlled Study

Introduction: The airway management of patients with COVID19 is a high risk task for anaesthesiologists. Several innovations have been born as a result of this problem, including aerosol boxes and clear plastic sheets. Aim: To compare the timing and attempt of direct laryngoscopy with and without aerosol box for intubation in patients undergoing general anaesthesia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: This was a randomised controlled study was conducted in Parul Sevashram Hospital, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujrat, India from April 2021 to September 2021. A total of 50 patients were randomly divided into two equal groups as group A was intubated with an aerosol box and a macintosh laryngoscope, while group B was intubated with a clear plastic sheet and macintosh laryngoscope. With proper airway precautions and Personal Protective Equipments (PPE) comparative assessment of patients undergoing surgery in general anaesthesia was done. Time to intubate, number of attempts, ease of Endotracheal Tube (ETT) tube insertion, quality of Laryngoscopy view and Cormack Lehane scores were assessed in both the groups. Results: The mean time for intubation was high at 29.72 seconds in group A, while it was 23.16 seconds in group B; the difference was significant. Overall, 20 out of 25 (80%) patients could be intubated in 1st attempt in group B as compared to 15 out of 25 (60%) in group A. Airway visualisation using Percentage of Glottic Opening (POGO) scoring and Cormack Lehane staging were suggestive of better visualisation in group B than group A. Difficulties encountered during intubation like laryngoscopy, glottic visualisation, arm movement restriction, ETT negotiation, and stylet removal were lesser in group A as compared to group B. The incidence of complications like sore throat and airway bleeding were lower in group B as compared to group A. Conclusion: In the COVID-19 era, aerosol box and clear plastic sheets are effective barrier measures for airway management to prevent the anaesthesiologists from the aerosol transmission. But airway management with clear plastic sheet is technically easier than aerosol box.

Comparative Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Ultrasound-guided and Landmark-based Paravertebral Block Technique in Patients undergoing Elective Unilateral Breast Surgery

Introduction: Identifying the Paravertebral Space (PVS) by its anatomical landmarks is associated with high failure rates and complications. With the advent of Ultrasonography (USG), failure rate has decreased leading to an increased interest in performing USG guided Thoracic Paravertebral Block (TPVB). Aim: To assess the efficacy and safety of ultrasound guided TPVB and its comparison with the landmark-based technique, in patients undergoing elective unilateral breast surgery. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out at Command Hospital, Pune from July 2014 to December 2015, on females between 18-70 years, accepted in American Society of Anaesthesiology (ASA) I-III for unilateral breast surgeries. Patients were divided into two groups with 40 subjects in each group. Group A subjects were treated with anatomical landmark technique and group B subjects with USG guided technique. The p-value &lt;0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: Demographic parameters (age, height, weight and Body Mass Index (BMI) and the scheduled surgery were comparable in between the groups. In group A, success rate of the block was 82.5%, compared to 95% in group B (p-value &gt;0.05 using Fisher’s-exact test). Mean (SD) time taken for performing the block in group A was 371.10 (10.37) seconds while it was 613.73 (37.15) seconds in group B (p-value &lt;0.05 by two independent sample t-tests). No statistically significant difference was seen in haemodynamic parameters, except for the Heart Rate (HR) at 70, 80, 90 minutes after administering the block and at the end of surgery. Correlation analysis for quantitative variables with PVS depth (dependent variable), measured sonologically, showed very good linear correlation of PVS depth with weight (Pearson correlation coefficient, r=0.819, p-value &lt;0.001). BMI (r=0.884; p-value &lt;0.001). Conclusion: The success rate is higher with ultrasound guided TPVB compared to the landmark technique though statistically insignificant. But it is recommended to use ultrasound-guided TPVB for advantages such as lesser requirement of opioid supplementation, real time visualisation of the spread of drugs in PVS with lesser complication rates.

Needle Probe- A Novel Instrument for Atraumatic Extraction of Broken Maxillary Root Apices

Introduction: Atraumatic extraction is the need of the hour to best preserve both hard and soft tissues. A novel instrument was designed, needle probe, in an effort to achieve the same efficacy with respect to extraction of maxillary teeth broken root fragments. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of using needle probe in removing fractured maxillary tooth apical sections in terms of application, use and its handling. Materials and Methods: In the present clinical, cross-sectional study, Fifty patients requiring removal of fractured maxillary tooth root fragment as a complication of routine extraction were enrolled. The study was conducted between June 2020 and June 2021. Patients were assigned, irrespective of gender, age or tooth, to group A (n=25) where extraction of root pieces was done using endodontic H files and group B (n=25) in whom extraction was done using the novel needle probe. Data was tabulated accordingly and analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) ver. 22 and categorical data between groups were analysed using student‘s t-test. with significance level set at 0.05. Results: The average time taken for successful removal of the root fragment in Group A was 3 minutes 3 seconds±23 seconds and 2 minutes 12 seconds±46 seconds in Group B. All inclusive, the needle probe proved to have excellent ease of operation, access and visibility in 24%, 24% and 36% cases as opposed to the conventional use of H files with minimal complications and tissue trauma. Conclusion: Failure to retrieve the broken root is mostly associated with ankylosed and hyper cementosis roots. The needle probe can be promising in its use for atraumatic root fragment extraction. The novel needle probe is easy to use, quick in application and hence results in better patient compliance.

One-shot dilation versus metallic dilation technique for access in percutaneous nephrolithotomy: comparison of efficacy, access time and fluoroscopic time

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy, access tract dilation time and fluoroscopic time between the one-shot dilation technique and telescopic metal dilatation technique in patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy in Nakornping Hospital. Materials and Methods: Sixty-six patients who underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy from January 2020 to July 2021 were included in the study and they were randomly divided into two groups. In group 1 (32 patients), telescopic metal dilation was used, in group 2 (33 patients), the one-shot technique was used. Success rates of dilation, access tract dilation time and fluoroscopic time were evaluated. Results: The success rate of dilation was 100% in both groups. The access tract dilation time was 835.63 ± 309.68 seconds in group 1 and 569.42 ± 314.75 seconds in group 2 (p = 0.001). The fluoroscopic time was 48.16 ± 22.16 seconds in group 1 and 41.97 ± 23.99 seconds in group 2 (p = 0.29). The access tract dilation time of the one-shot dilation technique was statistically significantly shorter than that in the telescopic metal dilatation group. The mean fluoroscopic time of the one- shot dilation technique was shorter than in telescopic metal dilatation but was not statistically significant. Conclusion: One-shot dilation technique is as effective as telescopic metal dilatation, with a significant reduction in access tract dilation time.