Secondary Stability Research Articles

Morphology of Secondary Phase Particles and Stability of Subgrain Structure in Martensitic Steel 10Cr9Co3W2MoVNbB (ASTM A335 P92) Under Creep Conditions

Morphology of Secondary Phase Particles and Stability of Subgrain Structure in Martensitic Steel 10Cr9Co3W2MoVNbB (ASTM A335 P92) Under Creep Conditions

Effect of Platelet-Rich Fibrin Coating on Secondary Stability of Dental Implants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Effect of Platelet-Rich Fibrin Coating on Secondary Stability of Dental Implants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Functional Analysis of Promoters, mRNA Cleavage, and mRNA Secondary Structure on esxB-esxA in Mycolicibacterium smegmatis

The ESX-1 secretion system is critical for the virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as well as for conjugation in the saprophytic model Mycolicibacterium smegmatis. EsxB (CFP-10) and EsxA (ESAT-6) are secreted effectors required for the function of ESX-1 systems. While some transcription factors regulating the expression of esxB and esxA have been identified, little work has addressed their promoter structures or other determinants of their expression. Here, we defined two promoters, one located two genes upstream of esxB and one located immediately upstream, that contribute substantially to the expression of esxB and esxA. We also defined an mRNA cleavage site within the esxB 5′ untranslated region (UTR) and found that a single-nucleotide substitution reprogramed the position of this cleavage event without impacting esxB-esxA transcript abundance. We furthermore investigated the impact of a double stem-loop structure in the esxB 5′ UTR and found that it does not confer stability on a reporter gene transcript. Consistent with this, there was no detectable correlation between mRNA half-life and secondary structure near the 5′ ends of 5′ UTRs on a transcriptome-wide basis. Collectively, these data shed light on the determinants of esxB-esxA expression in M. smegmatis as well as provide broader insight into the determinants of mRNA cleavage in mycobacteria and the relationship between 5′ UTR secondary structure and mRNA stability.

Effects of clindamycin and amoxycillin as prophylaxis against early implant failure: double-blinded randomized clinical trial.

The objective of this randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT) was to compare the frequency of early implant failure, postoperative infection, and pain/inflammation and the degree of implant stability between healthy non-penicillin-allergic individuals receiving a single prophylactic dose of 600mg clindamycin versus 2g amoxicillin at 1h before implant surgery. A single-center double-blinded RCT study with parallel groups was undertaken. Eighty-two patients fulfilled study inclusion criteria and were randomly assigned to the amoxicillin (n = 41) or clindamycin (n = 41) group. The primary outcome variable was early implant failure. The presence of infection was evaluated immediately after surgery and on days 7, 14, 30, and 90, and postoperative pain/inflammation was assessed daily on days 1 to 7 post-surgery. Resonance frequency analysis was used to measure primary and secondary implant stability. One early implant failure was observed (1/81), in a patient from the amoxicillin group. No statistically significant between-group differences were observed in early implant failure rate, postoperative infection rate up to 90 days, pain/inflammation scores during the first week post-surgery, or primary or secondary stability values. A single dose of 600mg clindamycin before implant surgery does not increase the risk of early implant failure or infection. These findings suggest that a single dose of 600mg clindamycin at 1h before implant surgery is a safe antibiotic prophylactic approach; however, when a more prolonged antibiotic therapy is required, it appears advisable to prescribe an alternative antibiotic to avoid adverse effects.

Accuracy of dental implant placement with CAD-CAM 3D printed and conventional thermoplastic surgical pilot guides: A clinical comparative trial

Statement of problemDental implant placement is routinely guided by using 2-dimensional radiographs and thermoplastic surgical guides (CTGs), which may lack accuracy. Three-dimensionally (3D) printed surgical guides (3DGs) have been recommended to improve accuracy. However, they require additional training on specific technology. The current knowledge on indications for CTGs and 3DGs is limited. PurposeThe purposes of this clinical comparative trial were to compare the accuracy of implant placement using a CTG or 3DG pilot surgical guide (3DGp) and to evaluate clinical outcomes related to the surgical procedure. Material and methodsPatients planned for a single implant were recruited and assigned to either the CTG or 3DGp group. The ideal implant position was determined through virtual treatment planning using intraoral digital scans and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Deviations were determined by superimposing the postsurgical digital scans and the virtually planned implant position. The Mann Whitney U Test was performed for each measure (α=.05). A linear regression model was performed to estimate and control for the effect of covariables. ResultsTwenty participants were recruited (10 CTG and 10 3DGp). Mean initial ISQ values were 69 ±13 and 76 ±8 for the CTG and 3DGp group, respectively. There was no significant difference in primary (P=.15) or secondary (P=.383) stability between the CTG and 3DGp groups. Data revealed minimal deviations for both groups (P>.05). Bone type (P=.026) and secondary stability (P=.031) had a significant effect on angular deviation. ConclusionsCTG accuracy was similar to that of 3DGp. Reduced angular deviation was noted in the presence of softer bone type and higher secondary stability.

Lateral ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction enhancing secondary stabilizers in chronic PLRI of the elbow provides good to excellent clinical results with no recurrent instability

PurposeThe adopted treatment for chronic elbow PLRI is lateral ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction. However, the most frequently reported complication after primary reconstruction is recurrent instability – up to 25%. It was thus hypothesized that enhancing the secondary stabilizers will provide successful results with a lower rate of recurrent instability in comparison to techniques with primary reconstruction only. This study aimed to demonstrate a novel surgical technique involving secondary stabilizers. MethodsIn this retrospective study of 29 cases with chronic PLRI the mean duration of symptoms was 39.6 ±4.9 months. The mean age was 47.9 years with mainly male patients. The surgeries were performed by one senior surgeon at a single institution. The Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire (DASH) were recorded. ResultsThe mean follow-up was 36.8 ±7.7 months. The MEPS score improved significantly from 59.8 ±13.1 to 84.7 ±7.6 (p<0.001). 23/29 patients (79.2%) had converted to good and excellent results (MEPS >75 points). The DASH score improved from 40.8 ±4.6 to 20.9 ±7.2 (p<0.001). The total complication rate was 10.3% (N=3). No recurrent instability was recorded in comparison to 12.2% for primary reconstruction only, as reported in the literature (p<0.05). ConclusionEnhancing the secondary stabilizers by utilizing an adjacently located autograft provided good and excellent results with no recurrent instability. This novel surgical procedure is easy to reproduce and provides a safe and reliable alternative in cases of chronic PLRI when compared to techniques with primary reconstruction only.

Clinical, Radiological, and Histomorphometric Comparison of the Use of Deproteinized Bovine Bone Mineral and Titanium-Prepared Platelet-Rich Fibrin in Maxillary Sinus Augmentation: A Split-Mouth Randomized Controlled Clinical Study

BackgroundMaxillary sinus augmentation (MSA) is a standard and predictable procedure to increase bone height in the atrophic posterior maxilla. Many biomaterials are employed in this technique; however, autologous platelet concentrates have been found to reduce clinical recovery time and improve bone gain in MSA. PurposeThis study aimed to compare the radiographic, histomorphometric, and implant stability outcomes of titanium-prepared platelet-rich fibrin (T-PRF) and deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) in a two-stage MSA technique. Study design, setting, sampleThis randomized controlled split-mouth study included patients requiring bilateral two-stage MSA at the Periodontology Department of Kutahya Health Sciences University between March 2022 and April 2023. Patients with systemic comorbidities and residual bone height >5 mm in the bilateral posterior maxilla were excluded. Predictor variableThe predictor variable was the two-stage MSA technique. Each surgical site was randomly assigned to the T-PRF or DBBM group for two-stage MSA. Main outcome variablesThe primary outcome was the histomorphometric evaluation of the percentage of new bone (PoNB) between the two groups. Secondary outcomes included radiographic evaluation of total bone height (ToBH), bone gain (BG), bone density (BD), and graft volume (GV) on CBCT 6 months post-MSA, clinical assessment of primary implant stability at implant placement and secondary stability 3 months postplacement, and histomorphometric evaluation of the percentage of residual particles, percentage of connective tissue, and percentage of blood vessels from bone biopsy samples collected 6 months after MSA. CovariatesAge, sex, periodontitis susceptibility, and smoking status were treated as covariates. AnalysesThe Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for bivariate comparisons between two groups, and the Pearson or Spearman test was used to analyze correlations of variables within groups. A p value ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. ResultsThe sample was composed 10 patients with bilateral maxillary sinuses, 20 MSA regions, 8 (80%) male and 2 (20%) female with a mean age of 51.30 (9.06) yr. The PoNB was 19.48 ± 14.60 μm2 in the T-PRF group and 8.31 ± 5.47 μm2 in the DBBM group, and there was no statistically significant difference between the groups (p = 0.074). Radiographic measurements showed ToBH, GV, and BD values of 10.64 ± 3.96 mm, 989.89 ± 523.07 mm3, and 192.09 ± 127.90 HU in the T-PRF group and 14.25 ± 1.65 mm, 1519.39 ± 432.61 mm3, and 492.77 ± 117.35 HU in the DBBM group, respectively. ToBH, GV, and BD values were statistically significant between the groups (p = 0.01 and p = 0.00). Primary and secondary implant stability in the T-PRF group were 71.11 ± 12.48 ISQ and 68.03 ± 6.81 ISQ, respectively, compared with 67.94 ± 19.84 ISQ and 72.46 ± 11.21 ISQ in the DBBM group. The difference was not statistically significant between the groups (p = 0.41 and p = 0.33).” Conclusion and relevanceAlthough T-PRF demonstrated inferior radiographic outcomes compared with DBBM during the initial 6-month healing phase, both techniques yielded comparable results regarding new bone formation and implant stability. Further research is warranted to explore the efficacy of different T-PRF applications in MSA. This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05596084).

Biomechanical comparison of four isometric prosthetic ligament repair techniques for tarsal medial collateral ligament injury.

To compare the stability, ultimate strength, and isometry of 4 prosthetic ligament repairs for canine tarsal medial collateral ligament injury. 24 cadaveric canine distal hind limbs with induced medial tarsal instability were randomly divided into 4 groups. Simulated medial shearing injury of the collateral and medial malleolus were repaired using 1 of 4 isometric suture techniques: bone tunnels with nylon suture (TN), ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) suture (TU), tibial bone anchor with nylon suture (AN), or talar bone anchor with UHMWPE suture (AU). Each repair was evaluated for medial stability before and after cyclic range of motion. 3 of 4 repair configurations allowed string potentiometer isometry data collection during cyclic range of motion. Each construct was subsequently tested to failure; the strength and failure mode were recorded. All repair groups showed statistically increased laxity compared to intact ligament. There was no difference in joint laxity between repair techniques. Cyclic range-of-motion testing did not increase joint laxity at any tested joint angle. Strength to failure was no different between repair groups. Isometry was achieved in the TU and TN groups. All 4 techniques improved medial stability compared to that medial collateral ligament injury; however, no technique returned stability to the tarsal of the intact ligament. All 4 techniques maintained stability after range-of-motion testing. Isometric placement of the prosthetic suture was achievable. The constructs did not provide sufficient resistance to physiologic valgus stress. Isometric placement of a prosthetic ligament is possible; secondary stabilization appears necessary to support the repair postoperatively.

‘Implant Stability’ is the Pivotal for the Success of Implant Treatment – A Narrative Review

The capacity of a dental implant to stay firmly attached in the jawbone following placement is referred to as implant stability. Long-term functionality and the effectiveness of implant osseointegration—the process by which the implant fuses with the bone—rely on it. Dental implants can be tested for stability using a variety of diagnostic tools. These tools assist medical professionals in evaluating the primary stability of the implant—which occurs right after implantation—and secondary stability—which occurs during the healing phase and after osseointegration. Precise evaluation of stability is necessary to establish suitable loading procedures and guarantee the implant's success. This narrative review aims to discuss various stability testing methods using in implant practice, their advantages and different equipment/instruments using for the implant stability assessment.

Mapping the sclerostin-LRP4 binding interface identifies critical interaction hotspots in loops 1 and 3 of sclerostin.

The interaction of sclerostin (Scl) with the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (LRP4) leads to a marked reduction in bone formation by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. To characterize the Scl-LRP4 binding interface, we sorted a combinatorial library of Scl variants and isolated variants with reduced affinity to LRP4. We identified Scl single-mutation variants enriched during the sorting process and verified their reduction in affinity toward LRP4-a reduction that was not a result of changes in the variants' secondary structure or stability. We found that Scl positions K75 (loop 1) and V136 (loop 3) are critical hotspots for binding to LRP4. Our findings establish the foundation for targeting these hotspots for developing novel therapeutic strategies to promote bone formation.

CRISPR-Cas9 guided RNA-based model for the silencing of spinal bulbar muscular atrophy: A functional genetic disorder.

This study explores a novel therapeutic approach for spinal bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA), a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a mutation in the Androgen Receptor (AR) gene. The aim is to investigate the potential of CRISPR-Cas9 technology in targeting the mutant AR gene to inhibit its production. The objectives include assessing the accuracy and efficacy of CRISPR-Cas9 guided RNAs in silencing the mutant gene and evaluating the feasibility of this approach as a treatment for SBMA. Computational and in-silico approaches are used to evaluate the feasibility of using CRISPR-Cas9 technology for treating SBMA. Computational analysis is used to design CRISPR-Cas9 guided RNAs targeting the mutant AR gene, assessing their on-target and off-target scores, GC content, and structural accuracy. In-silico simulations predict the potential therapeutic outcomes of the CRISPR-Cas9 approach in an artificial environment. Three guided RNA (gRNA) sequences were designed using the CHOPCHOP tool, targeting specific regions of the AR gene with high efficiency and 100% match. These gRNAs demonstrated effective targeting with minimal off-target scores and optimal GC content. Additionally, lentiCRISPR v2 plasmids were designed for the delivery of CRISPR materials, enabling high-efficiency multiplex genome editing of the AR gene. Thermodynamic ensemble predictions indicated favorable secondary structure stability of the designed gRNAs, further supporting their suitability for gene editing. The evaluation of designed gRNAs confirmed their strong binding ability to the target sequences, validating their potential as effective tools for genome editing. The study highlights the potential of CRISPR-Cas9 technology for targeting the Androgen Receptor gene associated with spinal bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA). The findings support the feasibility of this approach for gene editing and suggest further exploration in preclinical and clinical settings. Recommendations include continued research to optimize CRISPR-Cas9 delivery methods and enhance specificity for therapeutic applications in SBMA.

Comparative assessment of the stability of buccal shelf mini-screws with and without pre-drilling- a split-mouth, randomized controlled trial

ObjectivesTo examine and compare the stability of buccal shelf mini-screws using self-drilling and pre-drilling implant placement techniques.MethodologyIt was a split-mouth, randomized controlled trial comprising of 7 patients, each receiving two buccal shelf bone screws. The screws were placed using a self-drilling protocol in one quadrant and a pre-drilling protocol in the opposing quadrant decided via coin toss randomization. Stability was examined at the time of placement and 1,2, 3 and 4 months thereafter, using the Resonance Frequency Analysis method with the Osstell Beacon TM device. The Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ) obtained was then compared and assessed between both quadrants. Friedman’s Two-Way Analysis of Variance and the Wilcoxon signed rank test were utilized for the intergroup comparison. A statistically significant result was defined as one with a p-value of less than 0.05.ResultsA statistically significant difference between the mean ISQ reading in the pre-drilling and self-drilling group was observed, indicating higher stability of bone screws placed with the pre-drilling protocol. The primary stability of the buccal shelf screws decreased after placement, but the secondary stability remained stable.ConclusionBuccal shelf bone screws placed with a pre-drilling protocol depicted greater primary and secondary stability as compared to the self-drilling protocol, as depicted by the ISQ readings obtained. Resonance Frequency Analysis can be used as a valuable tool to assess the stability of buccal shelf bone screws.Clinical relevanceThe use of buccal shelf screws has increased tremendously over the past few years due to their myriad applications and have now become an essential part of an orthodontist’s armamentarium. It is therefore essential for clinicians to be well-informed about all aspects of their use including insertion techniques. The results of this trial indicate that the pre-drilling protocol provides better stability and therefore treatment outcomes.

Full-arch prostheses supported by implants with different macrostructures: A multicenter randomized controlled trial.

This study evaluates the clinical performance of implants with hydrophilic surface and two different macrostructures: cylindrical with perforating triangular threads (CT) and cylindrical-tapered with the association of square and condensing and perforating triangular threads (TST). This was a multicenter split-mouth, simple-blinded, randomized, and controlled trial. Thirty patients with edentulous mandible received two CT and two TST implants. Primary stability was determined by insertion torque and resonance frequency analysis (RFA). Implants were loaded with full fixed-arch prostheses within 24 h after insertion. Clinical parameters (visible plaque index, marginal bleeding index; bleeding on probing; probing depth; and clinical attachment level) and the RFA were assessed at 2, 6, 12, and 24 months after implant loading. Marginal bone level changes were measured by comparison of standardized radiographs taken on the day of implant placement and 6, 12, and 24 months thereafter. Twenty-eight patients completed the 2-year follow-up. The survival rates were 99.16% for CT implants and 100% for TST implants. One CT implant was lost until the 2 months follow-up. No significant differences were found between the two implant types for marginal bone level changes (CT 0.34 [0.24; 0.55 mm]; 0.33 [0.18; 0.55 mm]; 0.41 [0.12; 0.7 mm] vs TST 0.36 [0.14; 0.74 mm]; 0.33 [0.23; 0.63 mm]; 0.30 [0.20; 0.64 mm] at 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively) and other clinical parameters. The macrostructure of the implants had no influence on survival rate, primary and secondary stability, marginal bone level changes, and peri-implant clinical parameters outcomes. Both implants can be predictably used for immediate loading of full-arch mandibular prostheses.

Stabilization of PE with the natural antioxidant t-resveratrol: Interaction of the primary and the secondary antioxidant

The study focuses on the possibility of using resveratrol, a stilbenoid-type natural antioxidant, as a stabilizer in polyethylene. The experiments were carried out in two stages. First, the efficiency of the natural antioxidant was compared to that of a commercial product, and then polymer properties were determined as a function of additive content. Stabilization efficiency was determined by multiple extrusion experiments. Resveratrol proved a very efficient stabilizer, more efficient than the commercial hindered phenolic antioxidant. Resveratrol provides excellent processing stability and the residual stability of PE containing it is exceptional. Because of its large efficiency, 400–500 ppm additive is sufficient to achieve adequate stability for practice. Resveratrol interacts with the secondary phosphorous stabilizer used in the study, and the effect is antagonistic; resveratrol performs better alone than in combination with PEPQ. Accordingly, this unusual effect must be taken into account during formulation and the construction of the actual additive package. Resveratrol is used in other industries, thus it is available in large quantities and relatively cheap. Besides its advantages, the natural antioxidant has some drawbacks, like its high melting temperature, limited solubility in polyethylene, and strong color of its reaction products. Nevertheless, resveratrol has great potential as a stabilizer in certain products.

Primary Stability and Osseointegration of the Implant in an Iatrogenically Oversized Cavity by Bone Substitute: An Animal Study

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the success rate of autogenous bone and combination of autogenous bone and beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) grafts in restoring the primary stability and osseointegration of dental implants after the oversized preparation of the bone cavity in animal models. Methods: Three months after extracting 3 premolars from 4 male Terrier dogs, 24 implants were inserted in cavities larger than the fixture size. Then, based on the type of graft materials around the implant fixture, they were randomly divided into the autogenous bone group (A, n=8), the autogenous bone group with β-TCP (B, n=8), and the control group with no grafts (C, n=8). After 16 weeks, the removal torque quantity (RTQ) test and Periotest® were used for osseointegration assessment. Results: According to the results of the RTQ test, group B was significantly higher than group C (P=0.022), but no statistical difference was observed between groups A and B, as well as groups A and C. Based on the results, the Periotest® value significantly differed in group B compared to groups A (P=0.049) and C (P=0.014), but there was no difference between groups A and C in this regard. Conclusions: According to the findings of the study, the combination of autogenous bone graft and TCP could improve secondary stability and osseointegration of dental implants.

Structural and dynamics characterization of the Zika virus NS2B using nuclear magnetic resonance and RosettaMP: A challenge for transmembrane protein studies

Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emergent flavivirus that represents a global public health concern due to its association with severe neurological disorders. NS2B is a multifunctional viral membrane protein primarily used to regulate viral protease activity and is crucial for virus replication, making it an appealing target for antiviral drugs. This study presents the structural elucidation of full-length ZIKV NS2B in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles using solution nuclear magnetic resonance experimental data and RosettaMP. The protein structure has four transmembrane α-helices, two amphipathic α-helices, and a β-hairpin in the hydrophilic region. NS2B presented secondary and tertiary stability in different concentrations of SDS. Furthermore, we studied the dynamics of NS2B in SDS micelles through relaxation parameters and paramagnetic relaxation enhancement experiments. The findings were consistent with the structural calculations. Our work will be essential in understanding the role of NS2B in viral replication and screening for inhibitors against ZIKV.

In Vitro Proliferation of MG-63 Cells in Additively Manufactured Ti-6Al-4V Biomimetic Lattice Structures with Varying Strut Geometry and Porosity.

Lattice structures have demonstrated the ability to provide secondary stability in orthopedic implants by promoting internal bone growth. In response to the growing prevalence of lattices in orthopedic design, we investigated the effects of porosity and unit cell geometry in additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V biomimetic lattice structures on the osteogenesis of human MG-63 osteoblastic cell lines in vitro. We analyzed glucose consumption, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) concentration, and end-of-culture cell count as markers for osteogenic growth. Two different strut geometries were utilized (cubic and body-centered cubic), along with four different pore sizes (400, 500, 600, and 900 µm, representing 40-90% porosity in a 10 mm cube), in addition to a solid specimen. Structural characterization was performed using scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated that lattices with a 900 µm pore size exhibited the highest glucose consumption, the greatest change in ALP activity, and the highest cell count when compared to other pore sizes. Cubic 900 µm lattice structures outperformed other specimens in facilitating the maturation of viable MG-63 cells from the formation to the mineralization phase of bone remodeling, offering the most promise for osseointegration in additively manufactured titanium implants in the future. However, irrespective of a particular pore size or unit cell geometry, it was found that all the lattices were capable of promoting osteogenic growth due to surface roughness in the printed parts.

Analysis of osseointegration of implants with macrogeometries with healing chambers: a randomized clinical trial

BackgroundTo verify the influence of macrogeometry with healing chambers on the osseointegration of dental implants by analyzing implant stability quotient (ISQ) and evaluate the correlation between insertion torque and ISQ insertion with different macrogeometries.MethodsIn total, 26 implants were installed in the posterior mandible of eight patients with sufficient bone height for the installation of implants measuring 3.5 mm in diameter and 9.0 mm in length. The implants were categorized according to two types of macrogeometry: a test group (GT) with 13 conical implants with healing chambers and a control group (GC) with 13 conical implants with conventional threads. To insert the implants, a bone drilling protocol was used up to a diameter of 3 mm with the last helical bur. The insertion torque of the implants was evaluated, followed by the measurement of ISQ at 0 (T-0), 7 (T-7), 14 (T-14), 21 (T-21), 28 (T-28), and 42 (T-42) days.ResultsThe mean insertion torque was 43 Ncm in both groups, without a significant difference. Moreover, no significant difference in the ISQ values was found between the groups at different time points (p > 0.05), except at T-7 (GT = 69.87±1.89 and GC = 66.48±4.49; p = 0.01). Although there was no significant difference, ISQ median values were higher in the GT group than GC group at 28 days (GT = 67.98 and GC = 63.46; p = 0.05) and 42 days (GT = 66.12 and GC = 60.33; p = 0.09). No correlation was found between the insertion torque and ISQ insertion (p > 0.05).ConclusionFurthermore, implants with a 3.5 mm diameter macrogeometry, with or without healing chambers, inserted with a drilling protocol up to 3 mm in diameter of the last helical bur, led to a similar secondary stability, with no difference in ISQ values. Although, implants with healing chamber demonstrates ascending values in the graph of ISQ, having a trend of faster osseointegration than implants without healing chambers. Both macrogeometries provide a similar primary stability to implants.Trial registrationThis study was registered retrospectively in ReBec (brazilian registry of clinical trials) under the number RBR-96n5×69, on the date of 19/06/2023.

Evaluation of Postoperative Effects of Using Ozonated Water as an Irrigant on Soft and Hard Tissues Surrounding Dental Implants: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

Aim To evaluate the short-term and long-term postoperative effects of ozonated water when used as an irrigant in terms of postoperative pain, healing, and implant stability when compared to normal saline irrigation during implant surgery, both carried out using conventional drilling protocol. Methods A total of 34 implants were placed in 17 patients, two implants in each patient, one implant using normal saline as an irrigant and another one using ozonated water as an irrigant during the surgical procedure of implant site osteotomy. Postoperative pain was assessed after 48 hours of the surgical procedure using the visual analog scale (VAS). Soft tissue healing was assessed after eight days using the tissue healing index. Osseointegration was checked by measuring the primary stability at the moment of implant placement and comparing it to the secondary stability measured three months after the implant placement. These stability values (ISQ) were obtained using resonance frequency analysis (RFA). Results The VAS scores for the control group (Group A) after 48 hours were 71.76±5.57 and for the experimental group (Group B) after 48 hours were 47.64±5.33 so mean values in the experimentalgroup were significantly lower as compared to that in the control group (p<0.001). The mean healing index score for the control group (Group A) was 3.35±0.49 and the mean healing index score for the experimental group (Group B) was 4.64±0.49 so the mean values of tissue healing index in the experimental group were significantly higher as compared to that in the control group (p<0.001). The increase in stability value over the period of three months is 5.83 ISQ in the control group while the increase in stability value over the period of three months is 7.06 ISQ in the experimental group. The difference although not statistically significantshows a slight increase in stability in the experimental group as compared to that of the control group. Conclusion Ozone water irrigation at implant site osteotomy reduced postoperative pain and accelerated the tissue wound healing but the significant effect on osseointegration could not be determined.

Effect of transglutaminase on the structure, properties and oil absorption of wheat flour

The structure, properties, as well as the oil absorption characteristics of wheat flour (WF) treated with varying concentrations of transglutaminase (TG) (0 U/g ∼ 50 U/g) were characterized. The content of free amino groups in WF modified by TG (TG-WF) decreased and protein aggregated. The isopeptide bonds and disulfide bonds played important roles in protein crosslinking. The thermal stability, the peak viscosity after gelatinization and protein secondary structure stability of TG-WF were improved. In addition, the oil absorption and surface oil content of TG-WF after frying were reduced. TG enhanced the protein-protein interactions in WF, so that protein played barrier roles in the process of high-temperature frying, protecting the starch particles covered by them from the infiltration of oil, thus reducing the oil absorption of TG-WF during frying. Among them, the oil content of TG-WF-30 U/g after frying was the lowest, which decreased by 10.73 % compared with the control group.