Secondary School Students In Ibadan Research Articles

Critique of Development and Validation of 4-Factor Mathematics Anxiety Scale among Secondary School Students in Ibadan, Nigeria

Mathematics as a daily cultural activity of human in space and time; concretized into symbols to be computed using mental computer or activities, is a subject that puts people not only the learners into a feeling of phobia/ anxiety whenever the name is mentioned. This article from psychological perspective posits that, the masses general adoption of mathematics as a difficult and fearful subject is a cause from environmental factors. This is because prior scientific approach to mathematics, human beings have been solving daily issues, removing, adding, dividing and multiplying using available counters like fingers, toes, sticks, stones, grains, charcoal, seeds even human beings, animals, plants, buildings, cars and others. Today, teaching and learning of mathematics is affected. Majority of the mathematics teachers teach mathematics in abstract; learners learn in abstract coupled with some psychological issues that may be opposing the mental ability as at the time of learning which also goes on to affect the retention, remembering and transferring. This article critiqued Development and Validation of 4-Factor Mathematics Anxiety Scale among Secondary School Students in Ibadan, Nigeria. The study adopted opinion research design. The population of the study comprised all aspect of humans that are educable or can learn, but 42 respondents (20 male and 22 female which comprised 8 teachers, 6 non-educators, 24 junior and senior students and 4 postgraduate students) was sampled. The instruments for data collection were interview and focus group. Two research questions guided the study. The main purpose of the critiquing is to counter the masses’ negative notion and the claim about math by this paper; to inculcate into the masses especially the younger learners /scholars that math is like every other subject; that mathematics anxiety is as a result of mathematics nature misconception and the negative verbalization influence from the teachers, parents and the society that, “math is difficult”; to expose the lapses in parents and teachers inadequacies in instilling mathematics self-efficacy into the learners and thereby encourage learners to learn with confidence built on constancy for “constant practice makes for perfection. From the findings, it was discovered that the onset of mathematics anxiety centered around the teachers’ demonstrating incompetence, giving rigid approaches and personalities and employment of untrained math teachers in teaching mathematics. The study on mathematics anxiety was critiqued and recommendations made that would help educational development and management.

Knowledge and Availability of School Health Services Among Secondary School Students in Ibadan, Oyo State

This study investigates the knowledge and availability of school health services among secondary school students in Ibadan North-West Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria. Employing a descriptive cross-sectional research design, the study sampled 300 students from both private and public secondary schools, aged between 10-19 years. The objectives included assessing students' knowledge of school health services, evaluating the available services, and exploring the association between school types and the understanding and availability of health services. The research reveals that the majority of participants, particularly in private schools, exhibit a higher level of awareness and utilisation of school health services compared to their public school counterparts. However, it highlights deficiencies in human and material resources necessary for the implementation of a comprehensive school health program in secondary schools within the Ibadan North-West Local Government Area. The study recommends that school management in the area should prioritize periodic health education to enhance students' health knowledge and promote healthy behaviors. Additionally, it calls on the national government to invest not only in increasing the number of school health service professionals but also in providing adequate training to address the specific needs of secondary school students, particularly during their adolescent years.

School Health Services Utilisation Among Secondary School Students in Ibadan, Oyo State

This study assesses the utilisation of school health services in Ibadan North-West Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria, with implications for primary healthcare among school children and the prevention of early-life preventable diseases. The research objectives include determining the level of school health service utilisation among secondary students in public and private schools, investigating barriers affecting utilisation, and examining the association between school type and service utilisation. A descriptive cross-sectional research design was employed, sampling 300 students aged 10-19 from a population of 37,396 in Ibadan North-West Local Government Area. The study utilized a multi-stage sampling procedure and a self-structured questionnaire with sections on socio-demographic characteristics, utilisation assessment, and barriers. The instrument's validity was established through content and face validity procedures. Results indicate a higher utilisation of school health services in private schools compared to public schools, highlighting a deficit in human and material resources for qualitative school health programs. Weak collaboration between the health and education sectors was detected, contributing to suboptimal standards and dissatisfaction among beneficiaries. Factors such as logistical challenges and changing living areas were identified as potential contributors to poor health program implementation. Recommendations include intensified efforts by school management boards to ensure service utilisation, the creation and maintenance of healthy school environments, and increased family involvement in school health service policies.

Antecedent Factors Relating to Malaria Among Secondary School Students in Ibadan, Nigeria

Nigeria is a malaria-endemic country, and the disease is responsible for a high-rate of morbidity and mortality among various segments of the population. The aim of this study was to assess the living situation, knowledge, and perception relating to malaria among secondary school students. This descriptive cross-sectional study employed a multi-stage sampling technique to recruit 430 students from private and public secondary schools in Ibadan North Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire that included questions on socio-demographic characteristics; respondents’ living conditions; a 66-point scale on knowledge of causes, transmission route, symptoms, prevention, and consequences of malaria; and a 22-point scale on perceptions of malaria. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, t-test, and ANOVA at a confidence level of 95%. Respondents’ mean knowledge score was 27.0±7.9, with a majority (76.1%) having poor knowledge. The type of school attended influenced respondents’ knowledge. The mean perception score was 12.3±4.2 with 61.0% of the respondents having favourable perceptions. Students in private schools had a lower knowledge of malaria as compared to those in public schools (p<0.05). Age was significantly associated with perception as younger students had a better perception towards malaria compared to students in older age groups. Respondents had inadequate knowledge relating to malaria and several of them had perceptions that can put them at risk of the disease. Appropriate school-based health promotion strategies such as peer education, and training are needed to address the identified gaps in knowledge, and perceptions not in line with the biomedical worldview.

Do Secondary School Students in Ibadan, Nigeria Skip Breakfast?

Do Secondary School Students in Ibadan, Nigeria Skip Breakfast?

Estimation of design load and distribution pattern for wooden classroom chairs in use at secondary schools in Ibadan, Nigeria

ABSTRACT The absence of an established design load constitutes a challenge to the engineering design of classroom furniture. This study developed a methodology for estimating design loads for single user (SU) and multiple user (MU) wooden classroom chair and desk combinations offered to secondary school students in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Service load distribution patterns for the chair and desk members in normal, backward and front-reclining sitting postures were determined for 15 girls and 15 boys using bathroom scales. A T-test was used to compare the significance of the means of the proportions of users’ weights transferred to the chair and the floor. Design loads were 1 kN (SU) and 2.7 kN (MU) for chair and desk configurations, respectively. Each SU and MU leg should be designed to support 35% and 40% of the service loads, respectively. Gender, sitting postures, and chair and desk designs influenced load distribution patterns significantly.

Flatfoot and balance performance among junior secondary school students in Ibadan, Nigeria

Adequate body balance is important in preventing falls and injuries in children during physically active play and sports at school. Thestructure of the foot is essential to the ability to balance, but findings from studies comparing balance of children with and without flatfoot have been equivocal. We investigated the prevalence of flatfoot among school children in Ibadan, Nigeria, and compared selected balance indices in participants with and without flatfoot. Participants in this cross-sectional study were 300 junior secondary school students (aged 10–14 years). The navicular drop test, single limb stance test and tandem walk test were used to assess the presence of flatfoot, and static balance and dynamic balance, respectively. Data were summarised using percentages, mean and SD and, analysed with independent t-tests and chi-squared tests. The prevalence of flatfoot was 39.7%, and while higher in boys (44.7%) than girls (34.9%), this was not significantly different. Participants with flatfoot had significantly poorer mean static balance measures than those who did not (right: 25.70 [SD 6.55] vs 27.89 [SD 4.92]; left: 26.21 [SD 6.01] vs 28.52 [SD 4.27]), but there was no significant difference in dynamic balance between the groups. When treating children with flatfoot, physiotherapists may consider measuring static balance and, where appropriate, incorporate balance activities as part of the overall management plan.

Effect of Egg Consumption on Serum Protein Levels of Some Secondary School Students in Ibadan, Nigeria

Effect of Egg Consumption on Serum Protein Levels of Some Secondary School Students in Ibadan, Nigeria

Motivational Enhancement Therapy and Academic Self-Efficacy Training in Enhancing Academic Performance of Underachievers in Junior Mathematics in Ibadan, Nigeria

The study investigated academic performance of underachievers in junior mathematics in Ibadan using motivational enhancement therapy and academic self-efficacy training in enhancing academic performance of junior secondary school students in Ibadan. To ascertain the degree of its effectiveness, a randomized sample of 90 junior secondary school students with 30 participants in each from three different junior schools in three different local government areas in Ibadan were chosen The quasi-experimental study employed a randomized sample that undertook training in motivational enhancement therapy and academic self-efficacy training compared with control group. Mathematics achievement tests prepared by National Examination Council (NECO) for 2017 and 2018 objective mathematics papers were used together with parental academic support Scale with reliability coefficient of 0.72. A pair of pre-test and post-test data was obtained from each participant who formed the basis of the findings using ANCOVA for data analyses. Three hypotheses were formulated and tested at α = 0.05 level of significance. Results showed that there were significant differences in the treatment with motivational enhancement therapy being more significant in enhancing mathematics achievement among junior school students. Also, the results showed that gender and parental support have to do with enhancement of academic performance among junior secondary school students. It was therefore concluded that motivational enhancement therapy and academic self-efficacy training can be used to enhance junior mathematics academic performance of underachievers and recommendations are also offered.

Adolescents’ Knowledge of Sexuality and Perceptions Regarding Teenage Pregnancy: A Qualitative Study among Secondary School Students in Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria

Background: Adolescents are prone to myriads of developmental issues, including early sexual debut, risky sexual behaviours, sexually transmitted infections, teenage pregnancy and abortions. These challenges could be worse among adolescents who lack the understanding of sexuality. Mitigating these challenges among this age group, constituting two-thirds of the Nigerian population, may require exploring the knowledge and perceptions of sexuality and teenage pregnancy. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the knowledge of sexuality and perceptions about teenage pregnancy among in-school adolescents in Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria. Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study using a qualitative approach. The population comprised 10-17-yearold female and male students of public and private secondary schools. We held focus group discussion sessions among 82 participants and manually analysed the data using a generated code book. Results: The mean age of participants was 13.5 years with a male to female ratio of 1.1:1; 51% of the subjects were from co-educational public schools. Participants’ knowledge about the contextual meaning of sexuality was sub-optimal but better regarding the prevention of sexuality problems and the associated causes and problems. The participants perceived teenage pregnancy as being on the increase and replete with adverse consequences. The focus group discussants had divergent opinions as to what to do if involved in unwanted pregnancy. Conclusions: A knowledge gap existed with regards to sexuality among the study participants. It is advocated that interventions be conducted to review the current status of sexuality education in secondary schools.

Determinants of competence in soybean processing among secondary school students in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria

Competence in the processing of soybean is constrained by many factors which directly influence the consumption pattern in Nigeria. Youth involvement in soybean processing is a strategy to successfully incorporate soybean utilization in households across Southwest Nigeria. The study identified factors that influence competence in soybean processing among secondary school students in Ibadan metropolis of Oyo state. The study is an offshoot of a training activity embarked by Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, (IAR&T) Ibadan to improve the knowledge of soybean processing among secondary students. Thus, study purposively selected three secondary schools adopted by the Institute and all the senior secondary students formed the study population. However, 30% of the senior students were randomly sampled which gave a total of 203 respondents. Independent variables such as personal characteristics of students, knowledge of benefit of soybean and competence in the processing of soybean were collected using validated questionnaire. Competence was measured in a four-point scale of high competence, average competence, low competence and no competence. Data were described using percentage and mean, and were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Chi square, Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC), and multiple regression analysis. Findings revealed that the mean age of respondents was 15.9 years and majority (57.6%) was female. Highest education attained by mothers (57.1%) was secondary education and majority (62.6%) of mothers was involved in trading. The knowledge of benefit of soybean was high among majority (64.1%) but majority (62.0%) also had low competence in soybean processing. Data analysis revealed a significant relationship (p<0.05) between gender (χ 2=17.7), class of students (χ 2=20.3) and competence in soybean processing. Level of mothers’ education (65%) and knowledge of benefits of soybean (42%), respectively had positive effect on students’ competence. The study concludes that competence in soybean processing among secondary students is limited to some few products such as soymilk and it is associated with many factors like knowledge of its benefit and mothers’ education.

Knowledge and perception of the role of water, sanitation and hygiene in containment of Ebola virus disease among secondary school students in Ibadan, Nigeria

Abstract This study assessed the knowledge and perception of the role of water supply, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) in the containment of Ebola virus disease (EVD) among secondary school students in Ibadan, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study of 420 students from eight schools (public and private) in Ibadan was conducted. A semi-structured questionnaire and an observational checklist were used to collect data. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test and logistic regression at 5% level of significance. Overall, 60% reported EVD was airborne. A majority (71%) of the respondents had good knowledge of EVD, while a majority (92%) had a good perception of the role of WASH in EVD containment. Class of respondents was significantly (p = 0.045) associated with knowledge of WASH. Although schools had satisfactory sanitary facilities, only a few (21%) sustained good hygiene practices at the end of the Ebola outbreak in Nigeria. Our findings revealed suboptimal knowledge on transmission of EVD, and unsustainable hygiene practices among secondary students post-Nigeria's EVD outbreak. High priority should be given to hygiene education among educators and students. Implementation of monitoring and evaluation of hygiene behaviour among secondary school students should also be a priority.

Safe backpack weight limit for secondary school students in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria

The aim of the study was to determine the safe limit of backpack weight that students in secondary schools should carry.This study considered a sample of 324 secondary school students (both boys and girls) that were randomly selected from both private and public secondary schools located in the city of Ibadan, the capital of Oyo State. A model was developed using strain energy principle of the spine in terms of chest width, chest depth, Young Modulus of Elasticity of articular cartilage, maximum permissible spinal shrinkage, length of spine and leg length of the students. The 5th, 50th, and 95th percentiles of the data obtained were computed using a SPSS 16.0 statistical package.The safe weight of backpack to be carried by male and female secondary students was 2.87kg (5.18% of body weight) and 2.53kg (4.91% of body weight) respectively.The study confirmed that the model may be used to determine the safe weight of backpack that should be carried out by the students.

Psychosocial Predictors of Drug Involvement Among Secondary School Students

Predictors of drug involvement among secondary school students in Ibadan were examined in this study. Two hundred and four (204) students comprising 113 males and 91 females, whose age ranged between 13 and 25 years (M = 16.32, S.D. = 1.81) participatedin the study. Data collected with a structured questionnaire were subjected to independent sample t-test, and regression analysis. Psychosocial factors (life purpose, need for achievement and self-esteem) significantly predicted drug abuse [F (6, 113) = 7.75; p &lt; .01, R2 = .29]. Participants with low score on life purpose reported higher substanceabuse than those with high score on life purpose, t (161) = 2.62, p &lt;.05 ; those with low score on the need for achievement reported higher substance abuse than those with high score on the need for achievement, t (162) = 4.09, p &lt; .01 ; those with low score on the need for achievement reported higher substance abuse than those with high scoreon the need for achievement t (162) = 2.62, p &lt;.05; female participants reported higher substance abuse than male counterparts, t (176) = - 4.05, p &lt;.01). In conclusion, it is expedient that efforts be intensified on actions that will reawaken the strive for excellence and sense of self worth through engagement in self development activities, thereby minimizingthe prevalence of substance abuse among Nigerian youths.

Contributing Factors to Day Time Sleepiness among Secondary School Students in Ibadan

Contributing Factors to Day Time Sleepiness among Secondary School Students in Ibadan

Prevalence of congenital colour vision deficiency among secondary school students in Ibadan, South-West Nigeria.

The aim was to determine the prevalence and pattern of congenital colour vision deficiency among secondary school students in Ibadan, Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among students from three public secondary schools through a multi-staged sampling method. Ocular examination including visual acuity assessment and colour vision test with the Ishihara plate was performed for all students. Further assessment with the Farnsworth-Munsell D-15 panel was performed for those who failed the Ishihara test. One thousand six hundred and thirty-five students participated in the study. There were 769 (47.0%) males with mean age of 13.9 ± 1.9 years. The overall prevalence of congenital colour vision deficiency was 2.3% with prevalence of 3.8% and 0.9% in males and females, respectively, which was statistically significant (P = 0.00112), and equal proportion of deutans 11 (32.0%) and protans 12 (35.0%) ratio of 1:1.1. The prevalence of congenital colour vision deficiency among public secondary school students in Ibadan is comparable to findings in other parts of the country.

Impact of congenital color vision defect on color-related tasks among secondary school students in Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria

Aim: To assess the difficulties encountered by students with congenital color vision defects in daily living and school activities. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study conducted among students of public secondary schools in Ibadan, Nigeria. Structured questionnaires were administered to all consenting students to determine difficulties encountered in aspects of color matching and color recognition. Results: A total of 1635 students (male:female 1:1.1) were screened of whom 37 (2.3%) had congenital color vision defect. A statistically significant proportion (P < 0.0001) of them reported difficulties with color-related school work and day-to-day activities. Conclusion: Congenital color vision deficient students encounter some difficulty with school work and daily living activities, hence a need to identify them early and give appropriate career guidance.

Adolescent low back pain among secondary school students in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Adolescent low back pain (ALBP) can be considered a signal or precursor of a serious organic disease or telltale sign of future incidence of low back pain in adulthood. Published articles on ALBP in Nigeria are not readily available. The study's objectives were to investigate the prevalence of Adolescent Low Back Pain (ALBP) among secondary school students in Ibadan, Nigeria and the prevalence's association with some socio-demographic variables. Participants were adolescent students from 15 secondary schools in Ibadan. Data was collected using a respondent-administered, validated questionnaire on low back pain in adolescents. Participants (Female: 298; Male: 273) aged 14.23 ±2.27 years (range 10-19) were recruited through multi-stage random sampling. Five hundred and seventy-one (83.97%) of the 680 copies of the questionnaire administered were returned. Data was analysed using mean, standard deviation, frequency, percentages, and Chi-square test with alpha level at 0.05. Lifetime, twelve-month, one-month and point prevalence rates of ALBP were 58.0%, 43.8%, 25.6% and 14.7% respectively. Age at first experience of ALBP was 11.86 ± 2.36 years. Gender was not significantly associated with any rate (p ≥0.317). Age (p ≤ 0.043) and engagement in commercial activities (p ≤ 0.025) were significantly associated with all period prevalence rates while injury to the back was significantly associated with all period prevalence rates except point prevalence (p = 0.087). Adolescent low back pain is common among secondary school students in Ibadan and its prevalence is significantly associated with age and engagement in commercial activities, but not with gender.

Active Commuting to School as a Source of Health Promotion Among Urban Day Secondary School Students in Ibadan, Nigeria: Barriers and facilitators

This study examined active commuting among secondary school students and the factors that constitute barriers or facilitators. It also assessed whether links exist with sociodemographic characteristics. A selfdesigned questionnaire was used in this cross-sectional survey to obtain data on the commuting patterns, attitudes and sociodemographic characteristics of 926 students in Ibadan, Nigeria. Although 52.7% of the students lived within 1 to 3 km of their school, only 19.8% (183) were active commuters. More than 69% of the students preferred to remain passive commuters at the expense of good health. Proximity to school was the most reported (94.5%) facilitator of active commuting and parental restraint against walking to school was reported by 60.8% of the passive commuters. Commuting habits were significantly (p<0.05) associated with sociodemographic characteristics. The students were predominantly passive commuters and their commuting pattern was linked to sociodemographic characteristics while barriers and facilitators of active commuting included family, societal, environmental and school factors. KEYWORDS : adolescents health, attitudes, physical activity, sociodemographic characteristics, transport to school

Influence of Exposure to Sexually Explicit Films on the Sexual Behavior of Secondary School Students in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Young people in secondary schools who are prone to engage in risky sexual behaviors spend considerable time watching Television (TV) which often presents sex scenes. The influence of exposure to sex scenes on TV (SSTV) has been little researched in Nigeria. This study was therefore designed to determine the perceived influence of exposure to SSTV on the sexual behavior of secondary school students in Ibadan North Local Government Area. A total of 489 randomly selected students were surveyed. Mean age of respondents was 14.1 ± 1.9 years and 53.8% were females. About 91% had ever been exposed to sex scenes. The type of TV program from which most respondents reported exposure to sexual scenes was movies (86.9%). Majority reported exposure to all forms of SSTV from secondary storage devices. Students whose TV watching behavior was not monitored had heavier exposures to SSTV compared with those who were. About 56.3% of females and 26.5% of males affirmed that watching SSTV had affected their sexual behavior. Predictor of sex-related activities was exposure to heavy sex scenes. Peer education and school-based programs should include topics to teach young people on how to evaluate presentations of TV programs.