Secondary Coping Research Articles

Toward a coping-in-combination approach: The benefits of combining coping strategies for purpose in life of the self-employed

The self-employment coping literature typically treats coping strategies separately. In contrast to this approach, we introduce a control perspective to examine the effects of combining coping strategies on a highly salient well-being outcome for the self-employed: purpose in life. Drawing on the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) dataset ( N = 693), moderation analysis reveals that persistence and positive reappraisal mitigate the negative effect of lowering aspirations on purpose in life. In robustness tests, we find consistent results across similar well-being indicators. Our evidence highlights the need to study specific coping strategies in tandem and provides a more nuanced perspective on the differential effects of both primary (i.e., persistence) and secondary (i.e., positive reappraisal and lowering aspirations) coping strategies. JEL CLASSIFICATION: I - Health, Education, and Welfare

Surface topography changes and wear resistance of different non-metallic telescopic crown attachment materials in implant retained overdenture (prospective comparative in vitro study)

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of using different types of metallic and non-metallic telescopic crown attachment materials on wear resistance and surface tomography changes in implant-retained mandibular overdentures.Materials and methodsCompletely edentulous mandibular epoxy models were fabricated, in which two implants were placed in the canine region and retained to the implants with three different material combinations used for the construction of telescopic attachments. Thirty-three identical mandibular overdentures were fabricated using the conventional standardized technique. The study groups were divided into three categories according to the material used for the construction of the secondary copings. The primary copings in all the study groups were constructed of PEEK, while the secondary coping in group I was PEEK, group II was ZrO2 and CoCr for group III. Primary copings were cemented on a ready-made abutment. Secondary copings were placed over the primary copings in the desired path of insertion, then picked up into the intaglio surface of the overdentures. A cyclic loading machine was used to apply repeated insertion-removal cycles simulating nearly 10 years of clinical use. Stereomicroscope with a built-in camera was used to monitor the reduction in width of the primary copings to evaluate the wear resistance of each material combination.ResultsThere was highly statistically significant difference between the study groups after the application of 1.000, 5.000 and 10.000 cycles. The highest level of wear resistance was recorded for the PEEK/PEEK combination, whereas PEEK/ZrO2 and PEEK/CoCr showed no significant differences.ConclusionsImplant retained overdenture with PEEK-PEEK telescopic crown attachment is associated with the highest wear resistance among all the study groups. PEEK-PEEK combination may be the treatment of choice for fabrication of telescopic attachment in implant retained overdenture as it provides better resistance to wear. It offers the advantages for geriatric patients as it decreases the possibility for repeated repair and replacement of attachment, increase long-term patient satisfaction and shelf life of prosthesis.

Individual differences in goal adjustment: convergence and divergence among three theoretical models.

Individual differences in dealing with unattainable goals or resource-consumptive goal pursuit are conceptualized as goal adjustment processes in three theoretical approaches: accommodative coping (two-process model of developmental regulation), compensatory secondary coping (motivational theory of life-span development), and goal disengagement and goal reengagement (goal adjustment theory). The aim of this paper is to conceptually and empirically analyze convergences and divergences between the three approaches as well as their relationship with indicators of well-being and their intersections with cognitive emotion regulation. The empirical study is based on a cross-sectional online survey (N = 433; M = 28.9 years, SD = 8.4 years; 50% female). The conceptual analysis yields clear convergences, but also differences. Empirically, clear but partially non-redundant relationships between the concepts are found in structural equation models. Accommodative coping showed the strongest correlations with measures of well-being and cognitive emotion regulation. When all goal adjustment measures are included simultaneously as predictors of well-being, accommodation remains as the strongest predictor (and partly goal reengagement as well), while goal disengagement shows opposing relationships with most measures of well-being. We discuss the lessons learnt from these findings and conclude by proposing future avenues to examine goal adjustment processes.

Strain Gauge Analysis of the Stresses Induced by Different Secondary Coping Materials in Tooth Supported Telescopic Overdentures.

To compare the stresses induced on the supporting abutments by different secondary coping materials; zirconia, Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and Polyetherketone ketone (PEKK) in tooth supported telescopic overdentures using strain gauge analysis. A virtual model simulating a completely edentulous mandibular arch with two telescopic overdenture abutments in the canine region was designed and printed. The abutments received a milled zirconia primary coping. The secondary coping was milled out of zirconia in the model ZR, PEEK in the model PE and PEKK in the model PK. Five overdentures were made for each model. Strain gauge rosettes were bonded mesial and distal to each abutment. Unilateral and bilateral loadings were applied. An ANOVA test was used for statistical analysis between the three models.(α=0.01). Significant differences were found between the three models during unilateral and bilateral loading. Post Hoc Tukey tests showed significant difference between ZR and PE models, ZR and PK models in addition to PE and PK models during unilateral and bilateral loading. Zirconia copings induced the highest stress while the lowest stress values were induced by the PEKK copings.

The 'Myth of Zero-COVID' Nation: A Digital Ethnography of Expats' Survival Amid Shanghai Lockdown during the Omicron Variant Outbreak.

This study presents a digital ethnography of expats’ survival amid the Shanghai lockdown during the Omicron variant outbreak. This study drew insights from studies on resilience and secondary coping within the context of global migration to comprehend the diverse emotional challenges faced by expats in a series of lockdowns and persistent nucleic acid amplification tests. Thus, this study asks what the major emotional challenges expats faced and what sources of social support they could draw from citizens in their host country during the Shanghai lockdown. Accordingly, this study collected WeChat group conversations to draw empirical findings, promoted scholarly conversations about fundamental survival necessity, and traced the process for establishing intercultural collective resilience with citizens from their host country. Overall, this study emphasized the significance of host country members who can promote certain coping mechanisms for their visitors in the specific regional and geographical context of China.

Gender differences in the mechanism of involuntary retirement affecting loneliness through vulnerability and coping resources

AbstractInvoluntary retirement is associated with diminished mental health. However, little is known about the mechanism that connects involuntary retirees' coping resources to their loneliness. Gender patterns in the mechanism of involuntary retirement are also unclear. This study examines gender differences in the link between involuntary retirement and loneliness through secondary stressors (material and physical vulnerability) and coping resources (social support and self-efficacy). Two-step structural equation modelling was used to examine the effects of several mediators. For both men and women, involuntary retirement was associated with increased loneliness in terms of physical vulnerability and social efficacy. We found the female involuntary retirees are facing loneliness with multiple mediating factors. The layers of experiencing loneliness among female retirees are (a) directly from involuntary retirement; (b) indirectly from involuntary retirement and secondary stressors (material vulnerability and physical vulnerability); and (c) indirectly from involuntary retirement, secondary stressors (material vulnerability and physical vulnerability) and coping resources. The specific gender differences in the complex mechanism leading to later-year loneliness among the retirees may inform the interventions and policies that mitigate the disadvantages among involuntarily retired older adults in the United States of America.

Coping and Anxiety During Lockdown in Spain: The Role of Perceived Impact and Information Sources.

Background/PurposeIn the context of COVID-19 lockdowns, extant research suggests that secondary coping (a strategy aimed at adjusting oneself self to the stressor) is more robustly associated with better mental health than primary coping (a strategy aimed at adjusting the stressor to oneself). We investigated whether these findings are generalizable to Spain—one of the most severely affected countries at that time. We also tested whether the link between secondary coping and mental health (as measured by anxiety) can be accounted for by how individuals perceive the COVID-19 impact (ie, perceived life changes and personal global impact) and how frequently they use traditional and social media to check COVID-19-related information.MethodsA diverse community sample (N = 408), collected during the first lockdown in Spain (early April 2020), completed a multi-measure online survey including the targeted variables.ResultsSecondary coping outperformed primary coping in predicting reduced anxiety during the lockdown in Spain. Moreover, lower perceived life changes from COVID-19 and reduced personal global impact from COVID-19 both mediated the negative secondary coping-anxiety relationship. No indirect effects emerged for either conventional or social media exposure.ConclusionThese results (a) strengthen the cross-cultural validity of the link between secondary coping and anxiety and (b) advance our understanding of the psychological mechanisms underlying this association.

Self-Care Theory and Translation to Intervention

Self-care is defined as a process of maintaining health through health promoting practices and managing illness when it occurs. Self-care is integral in the management of chronic conditions, but even those without illness engage in some level of self-care daily. In our on-going study we promote self-care as a means to control the stress associated with caregiving. We acknowledge the burden of caregiving for a loved one experiencing a serious chronic illness. That responsibility is typically associated with significant stress for the caregiver. We use stress theory to address the caregivers’ appraisal of events and coping responses. Three experienced health coaches were hired to provide 10 sessions of coaching over a 6-month period to each of the caregivers randomized to the intervention group. The emphasis of the iCare4Me coaching sessions is to address primary and secondary appraisal and coping as a means to improve self-care and thereby decrease stress.

The retention difference between cobalt chromium and zirconia coping in different angulations on telescopic overdenture

Telescopic overdenture is one type of removable denture that uses dual coping system that consists of primary and secondary coping. Retention of telescopic overdenture is obtained from the friction between primary and secondary coping, which is mainly influenced by the type of material and coping angulation. The purpose of this study is to determine the retention differences between CoCr and zirconia coping with 0°, 1°, and 2° angulations. Twenty four pairs of telescopic overdenture coping samples with 6 mm length were divided into 6 groups (n = 4), CoCr 0°, CoCr 1°, CoCr 2°, zirconia 0°, zirconia 1°, and zirconia 2°. Measurement of retention between coping is done by pull-off test using universal testing machine (UTM) and data were analyzed by two way ANOVA. The results showed that the largest average retention was found in zirconia coping with 0° angulation group (22.48 N), while the smallest average retention was found in CoCr coping with 2° angulation group (10.28 N). Two way ANOVA revealed that there were significant differences among groups (p<0.05). LSD tests showed that there were significant differences among all of groups. This study concludes that zirconia coping has higher retention than CoCr coping and coping with 0° angulation has the highest retention.

Relationship between organizational and psychological characteristics of general secondary education institutions and headmasters' coping strategies

Introduction. The use of adequate stress-coping strategies by the headmasters of general secondary education institutions involves the study of these institutions' organizational and psychological characteristics that affect headmasters' choice of stress-coping strategies. Methods. The following instruments were used to collect and analyze data «How is your organization developing?» (V. Siegert, L. Lang, modification by L. Karamushka), «A Method of research into coping behavior in stressful situations» (S. Norman, D. Endler, D. James, M. Parker; adaptation by T. Krukova), and a passport-questionnaire. Aim: to analyze the relationship between organizational and psychological characteristics of general secondary education institutions and headmasters' stress-coping strategies. Results. Statistically significant relationships, both positive and negative, have been found between the organizational and psychological characteristics of general secondary education institutions and their headmasters' stress-coping strategies. It was shown that the higher the level of organizational development of general secondary education institutions, the more frequently their headmasters used such a coping strategy as social support seeking, but as the number of headmasters in one institution increased, the frequency of use of this coping strategy decreased. It was also shown that as the administrative status of the town/city where the general secondary education institution was located increased, the frequency of headmasters' use of such coping strategies as avoidance and distraction increased, too. Conclusions. The findings can be helpful in managing general secondary education institutions, in particular, in headmasters' choosing adequate stress-coping strategies.

Factor analysis of the adolescent version of the behavioural assessment screening tool (BAST-A) in adolescents with concussion

ABSTRACT Objective: Develop and validate the Behavioral Assessment Screening Tool for Adolescents with brain injury. Setting: Concussion clinics Participants: Adolescents with mild traumatic brain injury 3 months after initial concussion clinic visit (n = 138). Design: Assessment development and validation (cross-sectional cohort) study Main Measures: Behavioral Assessment Screening Tool – Adolescent Results: Expert panel members added or modified items specific to adolescents to the original Behavioral Assessment Screening Tool for adults. The Content Validity Index was 97.2%. Exploratory factor analysis of the Behavioral Assessment Screening Tool – Adolescent reduced the initial 70 items to 46 primary items with a 3-factor solution: Negative Affect & Fatigue, Executive & Social Function, and Risk Behaviors. Internal consistency reliabilities ranged from good to excellent for all factors (Cronbach’s α =.80-.95). We retained four secondary maladaptive coping items (from an initial six), though these require further modification and testing (Cronbach’s α =.67). Conclusion: The Behavioral Assessment Screening Tool for Adolescents, a measure of neurobehavioral symptoms after mild traumatic brain injury in adolescents, has a multidimensional factor structure with evidence of good internal consistency reliabilities. Future work will further evaluate its convergent and discriminant validity and employ item response theory analyses for validation in a new sample of adolescents with concussion.

Telescopic overdenture as an alternative rehabilitation for the loss of several anterior teeth due to traffic accidents

Background: Telescopic overdenture is a prosthesis consisting of a primary coping, or an inner crown, that is attached to a supporting tooth in the oral cavity, and a secondary coping, or an outer crown, attached to a denture, which must be compatible with the primary coping. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to restore function and aesthetics and uplift the psychological status of the patient by fabrication of a fixed removable prosthesis using the existing abutment teeth as a telescopic overdenture. Case: A 36-year-old female came to the Prosthodontic RSGM UNAIR speciality clinic on her own volition to make front dentures for her upper and lower jaws after a traffic accident one and a half years ago. The patient had an arch bar installed two months after the accident, which was removed after two months. The patient wanted new dentures to improve both her ability to eat and her appearance. Case Management: Preliminary treatments performed were; maxillary and mandibular scaling and root planing; crown lengthening of tooth 15; extraction of teeth 16, 41, 42, and 43; and alveolectomy of the mandibular anterior region. Before the definitive treatment to improve the aesthetic appearance could be carried out, the first step was to make maxillary and mandibular transitional dentures. These were to be used while waiting for healing to occur, following the socket preservation in the mandibular area. Then, for the definitive restoration, we used telescopic overdenture for the maxilla and a removable partial denture for the mandible. Conclusion: Telescopic overdenture is recommended for patients who need good aesthetics for anterior tooth loss. Telescopic overdenture uses double crowns as the retentive elements, which give better aesthetic results compared to clasps, thereby improving the psychological status of the patient. In addition, they have better retention and stability compared to conventional complete dentures.

Crossing the rice-wheat border: Not all intra-cultural adaptation is equal.

This study aimed to test whether or not where people come from and move to impacts their method for dealing with stress. We investigated this research question among newcomers crossing between the rice and wheat farming regions in China—south and north China, respectively. New evidence suggests wheat-farming agriculture fosters a coping strategy of changing the environment (primary coping), while rice-farming regions foster the converse strategy of fitting into the environment (secondary coping). Using two longitudinal studies on newcomers at universities located in both the rice and wheat farming regions, we hypothesized that students from south China (rice region) at a university in north China (wheat region) would use more primary coping and it would lead to better adaptation (Study 1). In contrast, students from wheat-farming regions moving to a rice university would benefit from secondary coping as an effective strategy for buffering stress (Study 2). Results indicated that for students from rice-farming regions who were studying universities in wheat-farming regions, secondary coping was damaging and attenuated the stress-adaptation relationship. However, in study 2, the reverse was found, as secondary coping was found to buffer the negative effects of stress on sociocultural adaptation for students from wheat-farming regions who were studying at universities in rice-farming regions. This study lends further support to the theory that ecological factors impact how individuals cope with the acculturative stress of moving to a new environment.

Metal versus poly ether-ether Ketone secondary copings for rigid telescopic retained implant supported mandibular over dentures. Evaluation of clinical retention forces

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare clinical retention values of metal and poly ether-ether Ketone secondary copings for rigid telescopic retained implant supported mandibular overdentures Material and methods: Eight edentulous patients (4 males and 4 females) who were unsatisfied with the retention of mandibular dentures were randomly assigned equally into 2 groups then received 4 implants in the interforaminal region of the mandible. Group I received telescopic overdentures with metal secondary coping (control group), Group II received telescopic overdentures with Poly ether-ether secondary copings (PEEK) (test group). Measurement of clinical retention forces (in Newton) were performed by digital force meter device attached to a special device that ensure application of vertical dislodging perpendicular to the patient’s occlusal plan. Measurements were performed at time of overdenture insertion, 3 months and 6 months after insertion. Results: For all times of measurements, PEEK secondary copings were associated with significant higher clinical retention values than metal secondary copings. For metal and PEEK groups, retention values at base line were the highest values followed by retention values after 3 months and the least retention forces were noted after 6 months. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study caused by small patient sample and short evaluation period, PEEK secondary copings for telescopic attachments of mandibular implant overdentures is recommended than cobalt chromium secondary copings as it was associated with increased clinical retention values even after 6 months of clinical use.

TOOTH SUPPORTED OVERDENTURE: AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH TO MANAGE THE OVERCONTOURING AND ENCROACHMENT OF INTER-OCCLUSAL DISTANCE IN A CONVENTIONAL TOOTH SUPPORTED OVER DENTURE PROSTHESIS.

The prosthetic rehabilitation of partially edentulous arch by an artificial substitute is always a challenge for the Prosthodontists. There is always a problem of retention, stability and support of the artificial prosthesis. It is most difficult to satisfy the patients who have high retentive demands especially in the Mandibular removal partial denture prosthesis. This paper presents a case where in few remaining natural teeth of the patient was used to enhance the retention, stability and support of the mandibular tooth supported overdenture prosthesis. The over-denture tends to be bulkier and overcontoured encroachment of inter-occlusal distance is another disadvantage. The concept of overdentures works by means for delaying the process of complete endentulism and helps in the preservation of bone. And above all, it gives the patient the satisfaction of having prosthesis with his natural teeth still present.
 In this article, case reports with an innovative approach to manage the overcontouring and encroaching of inter-occlusal distance which is generally encountered in a conventional tooth supported over denture.
 Keywords: Over Denture, Natural teeth, Residual Alveolar Ridge, Primary coping, Secondary coping, Dental Ceramics.

Pre-Health Professional Perceptions: Should a Formal Stress Relief Program Be Implemented in the Workplace?

Stress, depression, and burnout are a burden on employees and the health care system. These adverse mental states are interlinked, with burnout being a medical condition resulting from the unsuccessful management of chronic stress. The purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of pre-health student self-care mechanisms, stress coping strategies, and preferences for on-the-job stress relief. This was a convenience sample survey of three pre-health programs with a total of 60 subject responses. The primary endpoint was whether the pre-health students felt they wanted a formal stress relief program to be implemented at work in their future career. Secondary outcomes included stress coping strategies, self-care mechanisms, and barriers to good work-life balance. On a 5-point Likert scale (5 being very important), the mean score for a formal stress relief program was 3.6 ± 1.2, with 60% of the students selecting a score ≥4. Students scored "break rooms/relaxation rooms," "time with family and/or friends," and "being on-call too often" the highest in terms of perceived importance for stress coping, self-care, and as a barrier to work-life balance, respectively. Health care employers should consider implementing a formal stress relief program on-site with consideration for specific pre-health student stress coping and self-care strategies. This type of program has the potential to reduce employee stress and the negative consequences on the employee and health care system.

ADVANCE CARE PLANNING ASSIGNMENTS IN UNDERGRADUATE COURSES: EXAMINING STRESS APPRAISALS, COPING, AND RESPONSES

A common assignment in undergraduate aging courses requires students to consider or complete advance care plans for themselves. Due to the sensitive nature of this topic, it is important to consider student appraisals of such assignments. Using the transactional model of stress and coping, the current study used content analysis to examine student reactions to considering their own advance care planning. Participants included 151 students, diverse in race/ethnicity, in a Psychology of Aging undergraduate course at a large public university in the United States. Students were first exposed to course material related to death, dying, and bereavement, in addition to detailed advance directive forms, and were subsequently asked to discuss the importance of, and their preparedness for, their own advance care planning via a written assignment. Codes represented primary and secondary appraisals, coping efforts, and responses, and data was analyzed using ATLAS.ti software. Findings suggest that primary appraisals (perception of effect on well-being) ranged from positive to threatening, and secondary appraisals (perception of coping resources) focused on availability of internal and/or external resources. Themes such as traumatic experiences with death, feeling ill-prepared due to lack of knowledge or experience, and welcoming the opportunity to consider completing advance care plans emerged. Overall, results suggest that when designing assignments that require completion of advance care plans among undergraduate students, students should have the opportunity to discuss personal concerns first, and that some initial class activities should focus on preparatory tasks rather than just completion of advance care plans.

Coping with perceived discrimination: A longitudinal study of sojourners in China

The current research examines cross-cultural adaptation of sojourners by focusing on an understudied population -- international students in China – and how they coped with perceived discrimination. It had two overall aims: 1) to test whether secondary coping would be effective in reducing the negative effects of perceived discrimination, based on research on cultural fit and goodness of fit; 2) to further explore the moderating role of host culture orientation in the effectiveness of secondary coping. A 90-day longitudinal study was conducted on first- and second-year international students in China (N = 130) via questionnaires assessing perceived discrimination, coping strategies (primary and secondary coping), and adaptation outcomes (sociocultural adaptation, psychological adaptation, and perceived stress). As expected, for sociocultural adaptation over time, a three-way interaction was found (host orientation × perceived discrimination × secondary coping). Low levels of secondary coping and high host orientation exacerbated the negative effects of perceived discrimination. No three-way interaction was found regarding psychological adaptation or perceived stress over time; instead, there were significant two-way interactions between coping and perceived discrimination. High levels of secondary coping reduced the negative effects of perceived discrimination on perceived stress over time, whereas high levels of primary coping buffered the negative effects on psychological adaptation over time. As a whole, we found some evidence supportive of both cultural fit and goodness of fit as well as contradictory evidence. We provide possible explanations for the contradictory findings and discuss the limitations of this study and the complexity of effective coping during sojourner adaptation.

The effect of number of telescopic PEEK crowns on unilateral free-end saddle supporting structures. A strain gauge stress analysis study

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the strain induced on the last natural abutment and the unilateral free end saddle supporting area in case of using two splinted telescopes VS using single telescope with removable partial dentures. Costruction of two epoxy resin casts was done these casts were of Kennedy class II lower with the last standing tooth is the first premolar, simulation of periodontal ligaments and alveolar mucosa was done with rubber, For the first cast PEEK telescopic crowns were constructed on first premolar only while for the second cast it was done on both canine and first premolar. Then chrome cobalt removable partial dentures were done where the secondary coping are attached to its fitting surface. Using two strain gauges fixed on each cast one on the free end saddle area and the other was distal to the first premolar. Using loading machine and strain meter, load was applied on two sites the second premolar and the first molar .collected data were statistically analyzed .It showed significant difference between the two casts, where micro strains were higher in case of using only one telescope where it was less with two telescope .also micro strains were less on the residual ridge than on the distal side of the first premolar in both casts. In conclusion, different designs of RPDs will have different effects on abutments and residual ridges but many studies suggested using telescopic crowns as an appropriate treatment options for such cases as it ensures maximally favorable masticatory force transmission, which always takes place axial to the abutments. This treatment modality can lead to predictable long-term treatment outcomes. The limitations in this study were that it was carried out in vitro without considering the variation in clinical situations of different patients. Thus future clinical trials should be carried out to confirm any concluded results.

Factor structure of the Behavioral Assessment Screening Tool (BAST) in traumatic brain injury

Objective: Establish the factor structure of the Behavioral Assessment Screening Tool (BAST), a self-reported emotional/behavioral symptom measure for adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI).Setting: Community.Participants: Community-dwelling adults with moderate–severe TBI (n = 162; n = 110).Design: Assessment development (cohort study).Main measures: Behavioral Assessment Screening Tool.Results: The original BAST included 61 items (55 primary, six secondary), an Environmental Context checklist including recent major life events, and three open-ended questions about other relevant factors. Two rounds of pilot testing and exploratory factor analysis of the BAST (n = 162; n = 110) reduced the total items to 37 primary items and six secondary coping items. The final BAST had a five-factor solution with communalities ranging from 0.323 to 0.771. Internal consistency reliabilities ranged from acceptable to excellent for all factors (Cronbach’s α = 0.76–0.90). The items related to coping, given only to those endorsing stress, had a two-factor solution with communalities ranging from 0.224 to 0.605, but demonstrated acceptable to poor internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.46–0.68). Participants rated ease of use and overall satisfaction with completing the scale as high, with mean scores of 6.42 and 6.22 out of 7, respectively.Conclusions: The BAST, a measure of behavioral and emotional symptoms after TBI, has a multidimensional factor structure with evidence of good internal consistency reliability. Future work will evaluate the convergent, discriminant, and discriminative validity of the BAST and employ item response theory analyses to further develop a short version for mobile health assessment.Implications for RehabilitationLong-term monitoring of behavioral and emotional symptoms after traumatic brain injury could improve clinical management and reduce negative participation and quality of life outcomes.The Behavioral Assessment Screening Tool demonstrates reliability for use among adults with chronic traumatic brain injury, through its factor structure and internal consistency reliabilities, to measure chronic behavioral and emotional symptoms.The Behavioral Assessment Screening Tool is a screening tool to identify potential behavioral and emotional problems that individuals with chronic traumatic brain injury may be experiencing; it could be implemented in a proactive, rather than reactive, system for long-term monitoring of these symptoms to improve early identification of clinical disorders.