Second-order Nonlinear Optical Poly Research Articles

New hyperbranched second-order nonlinear optical poly(arylene-ethynylene)s containing pentafluoroaromatic rings as isolation group: Facile synthesis and enhanced optical nonlinearity through Ar-ArF self-assembly effect

In this article, a facile route was designed to prepare four new hyperbranched poly(arylene-ethynylene)s containing azo-chromophore moieties through one-pot “A2+B3” approach via simple Sonogashira coupling reaction. The polymers were all soluble in organic solvents and demonstrated good nonlinear optical (NLO) properties, because of the three-dimensional spatial isolation effect of these hyperbranched polymers. Due to the different B3-type comonomer, the self-assembly effect of pentafluoroaromatic in the interior of these polymers were different, leading to the different trends of the NLO activities. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012

Device-quality second-order nonlinear optical poly(ester-imide) for electro-optic applications

Abstract A side-chain second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) poly(ester-imide) (PEI) possessing good organo-solubility, excellent film-forming property, high glass transition temperature (186 °C) and high thermal stability was synthesized. The NLO chromophore orientation in the polymer film achieved via corona poling showed high long-term stability at elevated temperatures up to 120 °C. A reflective electro-optic (EO) light modulator using this polymer as the EO material was fabricated and encoded electrical signals onto reflected light successfully. The EO coefficient γ33 of the PEI layer in the EO modulator was determined to be 11.5 pm/V at 650 nm by an improved attenuated-total-reflection method.

Synthesis and characterization of photocrosslinkable, side‐chain, second‐order nonlinear optical poly(ester imide)s with great film‐forming ability and long‐term dipole orientation stability

AbstractA series of photocrosslinkable, side‐chain, second‐order nonlinear optical (NLO) poly(ester imide)s (PEIs) based on a chromophore‐containing dianhydride, 2,2′‐{4‐[(4‐nitrophenyl)‐azo]phenyl}iminobis(ethyl benzene‐1,2‐dicarboxylic acid anhydride‐4‐carboxylate), benzophenone‐3,3′,4,4′‐tetracarboxylic dianhydride, and 4,4′‐diamino‐3,3′‐dimethyl diphenylmethane were prepared. The resulting PEIs exhibited many useful physical characteristics, such as good organosolubility, excellent film‐forming properties, high glass‐transition temperatures (186–229 °C), and high thermal decomposition temperatures. The electrooptic coefficient value of PEI3 at 650 nm was 11.5 pm/V, and high long‐term stability of the NLO chromophore alignment in the poled PEI3 film at 120 °C was observed. The temporal stability of the dipole orientation at 150 °C was further enhanced by ultraviolet irradiation because of photocrosslinking. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 303–312, 2003

Side-chain second-order nonlinear optical poly(urethane-imide)/photosensitive polyimide blends with the improved dipole orientation stability by photo-crosslinking

A negative tone photosensitive polyimide (PSPI) was incorporated into a side-chain nonlinear optical poly(urethane-imide) (PUI) in an attempt to improve the dipole orientation stability of PUI. Upon UV irradiation after electric poling, the relaxation of the order parameter determined by the UV–Vis spectroscopy of the blend film was much suppressed, and the stability of dipole orientation was effectively improved. The improvement in the stability of dipole orientation results mainly from the photo-crosslinking of PSPI, which restricts the movement of the PUI molecular chains.

Investigation of dipole orientation in a side-chain second-order nonlinear optical poly(urethane-imide) by real-time variable temperature FT-IR spectroscopy

The orientation and relaxation of the second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) groups in a side-chain poly(urethane-imide) before and after the electric poling has been investigated with real-time variable temperature FT-IR spectroscopy by monitoring the symmetrical stretching vibration of the nitro group. In situ second harmonic generation (SHG) and ultraviolet-visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy were also used to compare with the FT-IR results. The results obtained by these techniques are in good agreement with each other.

Second-order nonlinear optical poly(organophosphazenes): synthesis and nonlinear optical characterization

Preparation des polymeres [NP(OCH 2 CF 3 ) x (OR) y ] n (R=(CH 2 CH 2 O) k Ph(CH=(H) m PhNO 2 , K=1-3, m=1-3 R=CH 2 CH 2 N(CH 3 )PhNO 2 , CH 2 CH 2 N(Et)PhN=N-PhNO 2 , x+y=2) a partir du poly(dichlorophosphazene). Les polymeres sont caracterises par RMN, spectroscopie IR et UV-visible et analyse thermique. Les coefficients non lineaires du second ordre d 33 , determines pour generation d'harmonique 2, varient entre 4,1 et 34 pm/V; le coefficient electrooptique d'un des polymeres atteint 18 pm/V a 0,83 μm