Second-harmonic System Research Articles

Longitudinal Tune Control in Synchrotrons

Dual RF systems that use fundamental and higherharmonic cavities can be used to control the longitudinal tune in synchrotrons. The equations of motion and the Hamiltonian are defined for particle motion using dual RF systems. An example is considered using a second-harmonic system--it is shown, that as /phi/ /SUB s/ is increased, a substantial gain in bucket area over a single RF system can be realized by proper relative phasing of the first- and second-harmonic voltages.