Seborrheic Dermatitis Patients Research Articles

Clinical Efficacy and Patient Reported Impacts of Roflumilast Foam 0.3% in Seborrheic Dermatitis: An Analysis of STRATUM Data for Patients Unresponsive or Intolerant to Topical Corticosteroids

Objective. Roflumilast foam 0.3% has demonstrated efficacy and tolerability in a Phase 3 clinical trial of moderate-to-severe seborrheic dermatitis (SD) patients (STRATUM). The aim of this subgroup analysis is to assess the efficacy and patient-reported quality of life (QOL) effects of roflumilast vs vehicle in patients with an inadequate response, intolerance, or contraindication to topical corticosteroids (TCS).
 Methods: Patients 9 years or older with at least moderate seborrheic dermatitis (Investigator Global Assessment [IGA] ≥ 3) were randomized 2:1 to roflumilast or vehicle for 8 weeks. Patients reporting a history of inadequate response, intolerance, or contraindication to topical corticosteroids (TCS) were included in this subgroup analysis. The primary efficacy endpoint was IGA success (Clear or Almost Clear with at least a 2-grade improvement) at Week 8. QOL was assessed using the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) for patients aged ≥17 years. QOL endpoints included percentage change from baseline in DLQI score, achievement of a minimal important difference (MID; defined as at least a 4-point reduction in DLQI score), and patients achieving a DLQI score of 0 or 1 by treatment group at weeks 2, 4, and 8. Differences in change from baseline DLQI scores were assessed using the Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test. The Cochran–Mantel–Haenzel test was used to assess differences in the proportion of patients achieving binary endpoints between treatments.
 Results: 189 patients (129 roflumilast, 60 vehicle) were included in the subgroup analysis. At Week 8, 78.8% of roflumilast patients achieved IGA success vs. 48.3% of vehicle patients (odds ratio [OR] 3.45; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.62, 7.36; p<0.001). At each time point, percentage change from baseline in DLQI score was significantly larger for roflumilast-treated patients relative to vehicle (p≤0.001). Treatment with roflumilast significantly increased the odds of achieving an MID in DLQI across all time points (OR: 6.97; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.97, 12.24; p<0.001) and achieving a DLQI score of 0 or 1 (OR: 2.46; 95% CI: 1.58, 3.81; p<0.001).
 Conclusions: Roflumilast foam 0.3% provided significant and meaningful efficacy with improved QOL in patients with moderate-to-severe SD who had a prior history of an inadequate response, intolerance, or contraindication to TCS. Clinical improvement aligned with patient-reported outcomes at all key assessment periods.

More yeast, more problems?: reevaluating the role of Malassezia in seborrheic dermatitis.

Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is an inflammatory skin disorder and eczema subtype increasingly recognized to be associated with significant physical, psychosocial, and financial burden. The full spectrum of SD, including dandruff localized to the scalp, is estimated to affect half of the world's population. Despite such high prevalence, the exact etiopathogenesis of SD remains unclear. Historically, many researchers have theorized a central, causative role of Malassezia spp. based on prior studies including the proliferation of Malassezia yeast on lesional skin of some SD patients and empiric clinical response to antifungal therapy. However, upon closer examination, many of these findings have not been reproducible nor consistent. Emerging data from novel, targeted anti-inflammatory therapeutics, as well as evidence from genome-wide association studies and murine models, should prompt a reevaluation of the popular yeast-centered hypothesis. Here, through focused review of the literature, including laboratory studies, clinical trials, and expert consensus, we examine and synthesize the data arguing for and against a primary role for Malassezia in SD. We propose an expansion of SD pathogenesis and suggest reframing our view of SD to be based primarily on dysregulation of the host immune system and skin epidermal barrier, like other eczemas.

Modulating the skin mycobiome-bacteriome and treating seborrheic dermatitis with a probiotic-enriched oily suspension

Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) affects 2–5% of the global population, with imbalances in the skin microbiome implicated in its development. This study assessed the impact of an oily suspension containing Lactobacillus crispatus P17631 and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei I1688 (termed EUTOPLAC) on SD symptoms and the skin mycobiome-bacteriome modulation. 25 SD patients were treated with EUTOPLAC for a week. Symptom severity and skin mycobiome-bacteriome changes were measured at the start of the treatment (T0), after seven days (T8), and three weeks post-treatment (T28). Results indicated symptom improvement post-EUTOPLAC, with notable reductions in the Malassezia genus. Concurrently, bacterial shifts were observed, including a decrease in Staphylococcus and an increase in Lactobacillus and Lacticaseibacillus. Network analysis highlighted post-EUTOPLAC instability in fungal and bacterial interactions, with increased negative correlations between Malassezia and Lactobacillus and Lacticaseibacillus genera. The study suggests EUTOPLAC's potential as a targeted SD treatment, reducing symptoms and modulating the mycobiome-bacteriome composition.

Facial Dermatoses Associated With Mask-Wearing in the COVID-19 Era: A Nationwide, Cross-Sectional, Multicenter, Questionnaire-based Study.

Daily usage of facial masks during coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic influenced on facial dermatoses. This study investigated the impact of mask-wearing habits on facial dermatoses. A nationwide, observational, questionnaire-based survey was conducted from July through August 2021, involving 20 hospitals in Korea. Among 1,958 facial dermatoses, 75.9% of patients experienced aggravation or development of new-onset facial dermatoses after wearing masks. In aggravated or newly developed acne patients (543 out of 743), associated factors were healthcare provider, female gender, and a long duration of mask-wearing. Irritating symptoms, xerosis, and hyperpigmentation were more frequently observed in this group. Aggravated or newly developed rosacea patients (515 out of 660) were likely to be female, young, and have a long duration of mask-wearing per day. Seborrheic dermatitis patients who experienced aggravation or de novo development (132 out of 184) were younger, and they more frequently involved the chin and jaw in addition to the nasolabial folds and both cheeks. Contact dermatitis patients (132 out of 147) with aggravation or de novo development tended to be female, involve both cheeks, and complain of pruritus. Aggravated or newly developed atopic dermatitis patients (165 out of 224) were more likely to be female, and had a higher baseline investigator global assessment score before mask-wearing. Clinical features and factors related to aggravation were different according to the types of facial dermatoses.

Effectiveness of fractionated microneedle radiofrequency in treatment of seborrheic dermatitis

Abstract Introduction: Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a chronic, relapsing skin illness that causes erythematous, scaly patches and plaques on sebaceous-rich regions including the scalp, face, and chest. Fractionated microneedle radiofrequency (FMR) manages SD symptoms, reduces inflammation, controls sebum production, and improves skin quality and appearance, increasing patient satisfaction. Objective: The aim of this research is to determine the effectiveness of FMR in treating SD. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study. Group A included 20 SD patients. They are treated with combination medicine therapy (isotretinoin pill 10 mg on alternative days with topical emollient cream) and FMR single section each month, with an average of two sections per patient (1–4 section). Group B included 20 SD patients. Group B received isotretinoin tablets of 10 mg on alternative days and a topical emollient cream. Results: Group A (mean age = 31.5 ± 7.6 years, 25% females, 75% males) showed a greater reduction in SD grades after treatment compared to group B (mean age = 31.6 ± 8.7 years, 35% females, 65% males). Group A also had a higher percentage of non-relapsing SD cases (63%) and higher satisfaction levels (73.7%) post-treatment, with no significant association between gender, age, and satisfaction. Clear SD grade correlated with higher satisfaction (72.7%) and lower relapse rates (81.1%). Conclusion: FMR and topical therapy dramatically decrease SD severity and recurrence rates, with excellent patient satisfaction across all ages and genders. These encouraging outcomes need larger studies.

Plasma level of beta endorphin in seborrheic dermatitis patients

Introduction and aim. Defects in the epidermal barrier, changes in sebum secretion and its composition, Malassezia spp. overgrowth, endocrine, immune, and neurological disorders are the main pathogenesis items of seborrheic dermatitis (SD). “The opioid system of the skin” was considered a new target in the diagnosis and treatment of SD. The study aimed to determine beta-endorphin (BE) levels in adult patients with seborrheic dermatitis and correlate them with the severity of symptoms and itching. Material and methods. 26 healthy and 62 SD people were examined. SEDASI scale were used to estimate the severity of symptoms and intensity of itching. The determination of the beta-endorphin level was carried out by the ELISA method with the test system Human BE NBP2 (78774 Novus Biologicals). Results. BE in the SD group was higher compared to the control group (35.5 pg/mL, 22. pg/mL, p<0.001). The level of BE in seborrheic patients did not depend on age and sex but was rising with severity of symptoms. Positive correlations were found between the level of BE and the SEDASI was 0.42 (p<.001), between the level of BE and itching was 0.332 (p=0.009). Conclusion. SD patients have an increased level of BE that positively correlates with itching and disease severity.

Is insulin resistance a new comorbidity in seborrheic dermatitis: a case control study

Purpose: Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder with an unknown etiology. Data from studies show that the prevalence of SD is higher in individuals with obesity. Insulin resistance (IR) is a metabolic condition characterized by high levels of insulin required to balance blood glycemia, and obesity is one of its clinical manifestations. This study presents one of the first prospective studies revealing the relationship between IR and SD in the literature.
 Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, a total of 71 participants were included: 35 SD patients (15 males/20 females) and 36 controls (15 males/21 females). All participants were clinically evaluated for the presence or absence of seborrheic dermatitis by the same dermatologist. Parameters including HOMA-IR, insulin levels, serum lipid levels, waist circumference, and BMI were measured in both groups.
 Results: HOMA-IR, insulin, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, waist circumference and BMI levels were higher in SD patients compared to the control group. Significant positive correlations were found between HOMA-IR and waist circumference, BMI, diastolic blood pressure, and triglyceride levels.
 Conclusion: This study suggests that IR could be a new comorbid factor in seborrheic dermatitis. A substantial association was observed between SD and insulin resistance, possibly due to shared inflammatory pathogenesis. Consequently, individuals with SD should be monitored for insulin resistance-related conditions, emphasizing the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle.

Lesional skin of seborrheic dermatitis patients is characterized by skin barrier dysfunction and correlating alterations in the stratum corneum ceramide composition.

Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by erythematous papulosquamous lesions in sebum rich areas such as the face and scalp. Its pathogenesis appears multifactorial with a disbalanced immune system, Malassezia driven microbial involvement and skin barrier perturbations. Microbial involvement has been well described in SD, but skin barrier involvement remains to be properly elucidated. To determine whether barrier impairment is a critical factor of inflammation in SD alongside microbial dysbiosis, a cross-sectional study was performed in 37 patients with mild-to-moderate facial SD. Their lesional and non-lesional skin was comprehensively and non-invasively assessed with standardized 2D-photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), microbial profiling including Malassezia species identification, functional skin barrier assessments and ceramide profiling. The presence of inflammation was established through significant increases in erythema, epidermal thickness, vascularization and superficial roughness in lesional skin compared to non-lesional skin. Lesional skin showed a perturbed skin barrier with an underlying skewed ceramide subclass composition, impaired chain elongation and increased chain unsaturation. Changes in ceramide composition correlated with barrier impairment indicating interdependency of the functional barrier and ceramide composition. Lesional skin showed significantly increased Staphylococcus and decreased Cutibacterium abundances but similar Malassezia abundances and mycobial composition compared to non-lesional skin. Principal component analysis highlighted barrier properties as main discriminating features. To conclude, SD is associated with skin barrier dysfunction and changes in the ceramide composition. No significant differences in the abundance of Malassezia were observed. Restoring the cutaneous barrier might be a valid therapeutic approach in the treatment of facial SD.

IL-12/23-targeting in seborrheic dermatitis patients leads to long-lasting response.

IL-12/23-targeting in seborrheic dermatitis patients leads to long-lasting response.

The Psychosocial Impact of Chronic Facial Dermatoses in Adults.

Skin diseases have negative psychological and social consequences, especially when they are chronic and affect a visible area of the body, such as the face. The purpose of this study is to investigate and compare the psychosocial impact of three common chronic dermatoses of the face: acne, rosacea, and seborrheic dermatitis. The Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Social Appearance Anxiety Scale (SAAS) were used to compare acne, rosacea, and seborrheic dermatitis patients and healthy controls. The relationships between DLQI, HADS, and SAAS results were investigated, as well as their associations with disease duration and severity. The study included 166 acne patients, 134 rosacea patients, 120 seborrheic dermatitis patients, and 124 controls. The patient groups had significantly higher DLQI, HADS, and SAAS scores than the control group. Rosacea patients had the highest DLQI and SAAS scores, as well as the highest anxiety prevalence. Patients with seborrheic dermatitis had the highest rate of depression. The DLQI, HADS, and SAAS results were moderately correlated with each other, but their relationship with disease duration and severity was insignificant or weak at best. Chronic facial dermatoses have a detrimental impact on mood and quality of life. Although patients with acne, rosacea, and seborrheic dermatitis have distinct lesions, the outcomes in terms of quality of life, anxiety, and depression are largely similar. Furthermore, these patients report similar levels of social anxiety as a result of their overall appearance.

Analysis of the epidemiology, coexisting skin diseases, and variables affecting seborrheic dermatitis severity

Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a common chronic skin disease that has a repeating future. SD affects between 1 and 3% of adults with normal immunity. Recent studies have shown that many cutaneous diseases, including SD, are associated with other skin conditions. In this current study, we aimed to assess the epidemiology, comorbid skin diseases accompanying the SD, and factors affecting the severity of the SD. This was a prospective study conducted in dermatology departments between January 2020 and December 2020. The baseline demographic data was recorded. Disease severity was assessed according to the Seborrheic Dermatitis Area and Severity Index (SDASI) scoring system. In this study, 211 patients with SD (92 men and 119 women) were included. The mean age of the patients was 32.51±15.31 years (range: 11–82). The mean disease duration was 38.59 months (range: 1–720 months). Emotional distress was the most common trigger, followed by seasons. The scalp, eyebrows, ears, nasolabial region, forehead, intermammary, postauricular area, and back were the body parts most frequently afflicted. 43 out of 211 patients had concomitant systemic diseases, and 64.5% of the patients had concomitant skin diseases. Also, almost half of the patients applied in the winter. The mean SDASI was 2.92±1.2 (range 0.3–8.1). In this study, SD was more commonly reported in females and the winter. Disease severity was higher in smokers and patients who applied in the summer. The severity of SD was unaffected by concomitant skin disease, gender, age, educational level, working status, skin type, alcohol consumption status, presence of trigger factors, comorbid skin and systemic diseases, and family history of SD or skin diseases. To improve the quality of life for SD patients, factors impacting disease severity should be carefully managed.

Prospective, Open-Label, Multi-Centre, Randomized Study to Compare the Effectiveness, Safety, and Tolerability of Lulican™ Shampoo Versus Ketoconazole Shampoo in Indian Adult Patients With Mild to Moderate Scalp Seborrheic Dermatitis (LEAD Study).

Introduction Although seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is not lethal, it has a significant impact on the quality of life. Many cases of SD are managed with ketoconazole, but luliconazole has shown an equivalent or lower minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), but not many studies have been done for its efficacy and safety in SD. With this in mind, we set out to conduct a study comparing the effectiveness, safety, and tolerability of Lulican™ (luliconazole 1% + salicylic acid 3% + ZPTO 1%) shampoo and Ketoconazole (Ketoconazole 2% + ZPTO 1%) shampoo in the treatment of SD. Materials and methods In this prospective, randomized, multi-center study, mild to moderate scalp SD patients were prescribed Lulican™ or Ketoconazole shampoo three times a week for a duration of four weeks. Effectiveness assessment was done with the Seborrheic-Dermatitis-Severity-Score (SDSS) and Physician-Global-Assessment (PGA), and quality of life was assessed with the help of the Scalpdex-23 questionnaire. Results At four weeks, 68% and 57.9% reduction was seen in SDSS in Lulican™ and Ketoconazole shampoo, respectively. Moreover, 58% and 44% of patients achieved excellent to moderate responses as per PGA with Lulican™ and ketoconazole shampoo, respectively. For safety, no statistical difference was reported, but product tolerability and subjective cosmetic acceptability were significantly better in the Lulican™ group as compared to the Ketoconazole group at the end of four weeks. The mean Scalpdex-23 score at week four was reduced by 35.7% and 21.1% in Lulican™ and ketoconazole groups, respectively (p<0.05). Conclusion While both treatments were successful in alleviating SD symptoms and were well tolerated, Lulican™ stood out as a preferred treatment option due to better quality of life (QoL) improvement in SD.

The human pathobiont Malassezia furfur secreted protease Mfsap1 regulates cell dispersal and exacerbates skin inflammation

Malassezia form the dominant eukaryotic microbial community on the human skin. The Malassezia genus possesses a repertoire of secretory hydrolytic enzymes involved in protein and lipid metabolism which alter the external cutaneous environment. The exact role of most Malassezia secreted enzymes, including those in interaction with the epithelial surface, is not well characterized. In this study, we compared the expression level of secreted proteases, lipases, phospholipases, and sphingomyelinases of Malassezia globosa in healthy subjects and seborrheic dermatitis or atopic dermatitis patients. We observed upregulated gene expression of the previously characterized secretory aspartyl protease MGSAP1 in both diseased groups, in lesional and non-lesional skin sites, as compared to healthy subjects. To explore the functional roles of MGSAP1 in skin disease, we generated a knockout mutant of the homologous protease MFSAP1 in the genetically tractable Malassezia furfur. We observed the loss of MFSAP1 resulted in dramatic changes in the cell adhesion and dispersal in both culture and a human 3D reconstituted epidermis model. In a murine model of Malassezia colonization, we further demonstrated Mfsap1 contributes to inflammation as observed by reduced edema and inflammatory cell infiltration with the knockout mutant versus wildtype. Taken together, we show that this dominant secretory Malassezia aspartyl protease has an important role in enabling a planktonic cellular state that can potentially aid in colonization and additionally as a virulence factor in barrier-compromised skin, further highlighting the importance of considering the contextual relevance when evaluating the functions of secreted microbial enzymes.

S1.3d The human pathobiont Malassezia furfur secreted protease MfSAP1 regulates cell dispersal and exacerbates skin inflammation

S1.3 Malassezia: genetics, genomics, and biology, September 21, 2022, 11:00 AM - 12:30 PM Objectives Malassezia forms the dominant eukaryotic microbial community on the human skin. The Malassezia genus possesses a repertoire of secretory hydrolytic enzymes involved in protein and lipid metabolism which alter the external cutaneous environment. The exact role of most Malassezia secreted enzymes, including those in interaction with the epithelial surface, is not well characterized.Methods and ResultsIn this study, we compared the expression level of secreted proteases, lipases, phospholipases, and sphingomyelinases of M. globosa in healthy subjects and seborrheic dermatitis or atopic dermatitis patients. We observed upregulated gene expression of the previously characterized secretory aspartyl protease MgSAP1 in both the lesional and non-lesional skin sites of affected compared to healthy subjects. To explore the functional roles of MgSAP1 in skin disease, we generated a knockout mutant of the homologous protease MfSAP1 in the genetically tractable M. furfur. We observed the loss of MfSAP1 resulted in dramatic changes in the cell adhesion and dispersal in both culture and a human 3D reconstituted epidermis model. In a murine model of Malassezia colonization, we further demonstrated MfSAP1 contributes to inflammation as observed by reduced edema and myeloid pustule formation with the knockout mutant versus wildtype.ConclusionTaken together, we show that this dominant secretory M. aspartyl protease has an important role in enabling a planktonic cellular state that can potentially aid in colonization and additionally as a virulence factor in barrier-compromised skin, further highlighting the importance of considering the contextual relevance when evaluating the functions of secreted microbial enzymes.

Impact of seborrheic dermatitis on osteoporosis risk: A population-based cohort study.

Osteoporosis is a systemic bone-resorbing disease that easily causes subsequent risk of fracture. Hence, the substantial physical burden of osteoporosis makes it an important public health issue. Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a chronic, recurrent, inflammatory skin disease. Despite the advances in medication for treating osteoporosis, identifying undiagnosed osteoporosis patients is still challenging. Since osteoporosis and SD share a similar pathobiology, e.g. inflammation and hormonal imbalance, we aimed to investigate whether the existence of SD increases osteoporosis risk by using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. A total of 7831 patients aged 18-50 years with SD and a control group of 31 324 patients without SD matched by age, gender, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and index date at a ratio of 1:4 during 1996-2010 were recruited in the study. To measure the cumulative incidence and compare the hazard ratios of osteoporosis between each group, the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard regression models were utilized. It was found that 0.98% of SD patients had osteoporosis. Compared to the non-SD group, the SD group had a 5.95-fold higher osteoporosis risk after adjustment for variables. The impact of SD on osteoporosis risk was largest in the female and young age groups. In addition, the presence of hyperlipidemia, hyperthyroidism, and epilepsy synergistically increased osteoporosis incidence in the SD group. This first large cohort study demonstrated an association between SD and osteoporosis. Since the effect on bone health in SD patients with concomitant diseases is largest in early life, diet or lifestyle recommendations as well as regular bone examinations are advised during follow-up of SD.

A PROSPECTIVE AND OBSERVATIONAL STUDY TO ANALYZE THE ASSOCIATION OF LIPID PROFILE ABNORMALITY WITH DISEASE SEVERITY IN SEBORRHEIC DERMATITIS PATIENTS

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the association of lipid profile abnormality and eborrheic dermatitis by analyzing the lipid profile; and to evaluate the association of lipid profile abnormality and severity of seborrheic dermatitis. Methods: This prospective and observational study was conducted in the department of dermatology in Dr. D.Y. Patil University and Hospital, School of Medicine, Navi Mumbai. The diagnosed cases of Seborrheic Dermatitis were subjected to lipid profile examination. The demographic and disease profile was then compared among the patients with normal and abnormal lipid profile. Results: A total of 30 seborrheic dermatitis patients were analyzed. Eighteen (60%) of the study participants were males. Serum triglyceride, LDL/ HDL ratio, and cholesterol total/HDL ratio were found to be significantly associated with disease severity. Conclusion: The study suggests a significant role of monitoring serum profile in the patients of seborrheic dermatitis.

IDENTIFICATION OF MALASSEZIA SPECIES ON THE SCALP IN VIETNAMESE PATIENTS WITH SEBORRHEIC DERMATITIS

Introduction: Malassezia spp. is a common fungus in healthy people as well as many skin diseases including seborrheic dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, folliculitis. This study investigates the distribution of Malassezia and its relationship with clinical characteristics of seborrheic dermatitis patients in Viet Nam.&#x0D; Objectives: To identify Malassezia spp. on the scalp and to investigate the relationship between Malassezia species and clinical characteristics in seborrheic dermatitis.&#x0D; Methods: Descriptive study with 65 seborrheic dermatitis patients between August 2019 and June 2020. All species were cultured in the sabouraud agar and m-Dixon and identified by Tween 20, Tween 40, Tween 60, Tween 80, Cremophor EL, CHROM agar Malassezia.&#x0D; Results: The positive culture rate was 69.2% (45/65). M. globosa had the highest frenquency with 51.1%, followed by M. furfur (31.1%), M. restricta (8.9%), M. sympodialis (2.2%). M. globosa was found commonly in group from 30 to 49 years old (30.4%), male (55.2%) and were in the lip, chin and forehead (77.8%, 57.1%, 54.5%, respectively). .&#x0D; Conclusion: M. globosa is a common species in Vietnamese patients with seborrheic dermatitis. There was no relationship between Malassezia species regarding age, sex, and clinical characteristics

Investigation of the relationship between seborrheic dermatitis and metabolic syndrome parameters.

Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a common, chronic inflammatory disease with relapses and remissions. So we planned to investigate the relationship between SD and metabolic syndrome (Mets). 54 patients over 18 years of age without known diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary artery disease who were clinically diagnosed with SD in our clinic and 47 healthy controls were included in the study. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated of all participants. Complete blood count, fasting blood sugar (FBG), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were examined. The relationship between the presence of MetS, disease severity, and duration was investigated. Average age of patients was 35.4 (sd: 12). Average age of controls was 32.9 (sd: 10.7). MetS was detected in 35.2% (n= 19) of the patient group and 10.6% (n= 5) of the control group. The presence of MetS was higher in SD patients than in the control group (p= 0.004). The rate of people with high TG was significantly higher in the SD group than the controls (p= 0.015). HDL level was significantly lower in the patient group (p= 0.050). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were high in patients (p= 0.016, p= 0.029). Seborrheic dermatitis should be considered as a MetS marker and the presence of MetS should be examined in this group of patients. This can be helpful for the early diagnosis of a systemic disease complex with numerous complications. Also, treatment of MetS can also improve SD lesions.

Investigation of the relationship between inflammatory blood parameters and seborrheic dermatitis.

Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a chronic inflammatory disease. The etiology of the disease is still unknown. The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), red cell distribution width (RDW), mean platelet volume (MPV), C-reactive protein (CRP), monocyte to HDL cholesterol ratio (MHR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) have all been reported as inflammatory markers in recent studies. However, these inflammatory markers have not been explored in SD patients. This study aimed to explore inflammatory and hematological parameters in SD patients with healthy controls (HCs) and evaluate their possible relationship with disease severity. One hundred patients who presented to our hospital were diagnosed with SD and 74 HCs were retrospectively included in our study. The seborrheic dermatitis area severity index (SDASI) score was used to assess the severity of the SD. The patient group's mean PLR, MPV ve CRP levels were statistically significantly higher than the HCs (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the patients compared with the control group regarding RDW, NLR, MHR, and SII levels (p>0.05). There was no statistically significant correlation between NLR, PLR, MPV, monocyte/HDL cholesterol, SII levels with age, and SDASI in the patient group. There was a significant correlation between CRP with age and RDW with SDASI score. Hematological parameters and CRP are low-cost tests. These tests can be used to define inflammation levels in inflammatory diseases. This study shows that PLR, CRP, and MPV may be used as novel inflammatory markers in SD.

Mucocutaneous Manifestations of People Living with HIV in Current Antiretroviral Therapy Era.

It has been reported that approximately 90 % of patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have various cutaneous symptoms related to the virus. This study aims to describe the cutaneous disorders that have developed in HIV-infected patients and to investigate the factors that may be related, such as relationships to drug use and CD4 counts. This cross-sectional study included people living with HIV and being followed by our hospital's infectious diseases clinic after being referred to the dermatology clinic because of skin lesions. These patients had been diagnosed with HIV by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests and were included in the study if they were older than 18 years and had agreed to participate. Findings from detailed dermatological examinations were recorded, along with the patients' CD4 counts, the durations of their illnesses, and the treatments they received. 144 patients were included in the study. The most common mucocutaneous manifestation was seborrheic dermatitis, at 28.5 % (n = 41). The mean CD4 count was 607.1 (min-max = 10.6- 1982). The CD4 counts were divided into three groups in the study as follows: 22 (15.3 %) patients with <200, 35 (24.3 seborrheic dermatitis) patients between 200 and 500, and 87 (60.4 %) patients with >500. There were no statistical differences between these groups in terms of dermatological findings. Nevertheless, the highest rate of patients with three or more dermatological conditions was found among those with CD4 counts <200 (n = 11.50 %). Skin manifestations are common in patients who are HIV-positive; however, many skin disorders can be seen in HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients whatever CD4 cell counts of these patients are.