Seberang Perai Research Articles

THE ROLE OF EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES OF STUDENTS' ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AT POLITEKNIK SEBERANG PERAI (PSP)

Education is crucial for global progress, constantly evolving with emerging technologies that impact teaching and learning. This essay explores how new technologies influence academic success, specifically examining elevated failure rates at Politeknik Seberang Perai (PSP) in Malaysia. Factors like insufficient information, slow progress, and inadequate time management are linked to these failurerates. The study investigates the influence of new technologies on academic achievement at PSP using an ex post facto research strategy and quantitative methods to collect data from 200 respondents across various departments. The research identifies the types of technologies used by students and evaluates their impact on academic performance. Chi-Square analysis and Spearman correlation coefficient are utilized to test hypotheses. Findings reveal that modern technology, particularly cell phones, is widely accessible to students, with notable discrepancies in access across departments. A weak correlation exists between the frequency of technology use and academic achievement, with a statistically significant association only found in obtaining material online. The study contributes to the literature on the use of new technologies for academic purposes within PSP. Results emphasize the necessity of educating students on effective technology use to enhance academic outcomes. It highlights that simply having access to new technologies does not guarantee academic success; it depends on how students integrate these tools into their learning processes. Recommendations include teaching students efficient technology utilization and recognizing that academic improvement is not assured solely by usingtechnology. The study underscores the importance of strategic technology integration in education to foster academic achievement.

The Business of Governing Penang: Workarounds as Remedy?

The state of Penang, including city councils for island Pulau Pinang (with urban-core George Town) and mainland Seberang Perai, has negotiated at least a degree of political marginalisation since independence. Ruled previously by a secondary partner in the ruling Barisan Nasional (National Front), and since 2008, by the Democratic Action Party and its coalition partners, the economically powerful state has negotiated constrained autonomy and resources. While to some extent, these governing challenges are common to all states in Malaysia's highly centralised federation, in other ways, they reflect Penang's specific political position. Penang's leadership has sought in particular ways to circumvent inertia or divided loyalties among bureaucrats from the federal, rather than a state-level, civil service. Central to that solution has been reliance on an array of state government-linked corporations, facilitating administration, but at possible cost to clear accountability, transparency, and promised empowerment of civil society.

THE IMPACT OF “PERISIK KECIL” A GAME-BASED LEARNING ON STUDENT’S SELF-EFFICACY TOWARDS SCIENCE LEARNING

Self-efficacy plays a crucial role in academic success and overall well-being. This study investigated the potential of game-based learning (GBL) to enhance self-efficacy in Form Four students from a secondary school in Seberang Perai Selatan, Pulau Pinang. By gaining insight into students' self-efficacy profiles, educators can adapt their teaching strategies, provide targeted support and create a positive learning environment that promotes self- confidence and performance in science tasks. The collected data were analysed using descriptive statistics and, Pearson’s correlation. Following a GBL activity, 59 students completed a general self-efficacy (GSE) survey. Descriptive analysis revealed an average GSE score (M = 3.10, SD = 0.65), indicating that students have average self-efficacy when trying to solve the game’s problems. Pearson’s correlation analysis identified significant positive correlations between items focussing on confidence in academic and non-academic tasks, suggesting a holistic strengthening of self-efficacy through GBL. This study lays the groundwork for further research exploring how specific GBL design elements impact different aspects of self-efficacy and contribute to long-term learning outcomes.

Comparison of Grain Corn Production Performance Between Zero-Tillage and Conventional Tillage at MARDI Seberang Perai

Grain corn is one of the ingredients for formulating animal feed, especially for poultry. Recently, Malaysia has given a higher priority for grain corn to be produced locally due to high import costs. Malaysia imported 3.7 million metric tonnes of corn worth approximately RM 3 billion in 2020-2021. However, locally produced grain corn faces high production costs. The main contributors to the high costs are mechanisation services and agricultural input. Agricultural input costs, such as seeds, fertilisers, herbicides, and pesticides, are very dependent on market prices that can go up or down and are difficult to control. Tillage, or land preparation, is the most expensive mechanisation service for grain corn production. Conventional tillage involves three operations; ploughing, harrowing, and rotary tillage. These operations cost at least RM900 per hectare. A zero-tillage planting system does not require any tillage. Therefore, a study was conducted to see the performance of zero-tillage as compared to conventional tillage in terms of final yield produced at MARDI Seberang Perai, Pulau Pinang. A randomised plot design experiment with 3 replications on plot sizes of 20 × 15 m each was used. All agronomic practices such as fertiliser requirement, pest and weed control, and irrigation were the same for both. The difference was only in the tillage practice where conventional tillage involved 3 tillage operations, ploughing, harrowing, and rotary tilling while there was no tillage operation needed for a zero-tillage planting system. The final yields were analysed using T-test statistical analysis. The yields recorded at 14 % moisture for zero-tillage and conventional tillage were 6.32 ± 0.9 and 6.62 ± 0.6 metric tonnes, respectively. No significant differences were found by t-test analysis with a p-value of more than 0.05. This shows that zero-tillage has the potential to be implemented in Malaysia to reduce the cost of grain corn production by eliminating tillage operations which can save up to RM900 per hectare. Further study for various types of soil shall be conducted to categorise suitable soil for the planting system.

Preliminary Evaluation of The Performance of Micro Combine Harvesters in Rice Farming

Rice is the most widely used staple food, especially in Asia, accounting for about 90% of the world's rice production. In Malaysia, the cultivated area is as much as 730,016 hectares, and the show was about 3.3 million metric tons throughout the country in 2016. Currently, big combine harvesters are used in Malaysia to harvest rice, allowing for quicker harvesting. However, harvesting with a big combine harvester is impossible in areas with soft soil. As a result, employing a micro combine harvester is one of the options for harvesting in areas with soft soil problems. This study aims to evaluate the performance of a micro combine rice harvester. Performance evaluations were conducted at the MARDI Seberang Perai, Penang research plot. The pedestrian-type micro combines harvester with a triangular rubber crawler type was used in this study. The working width of the machine is 1 meter. The rate of harvesting losses is also evaluated as part of the study. The performance test results of the micro combine harvester show that the farm's efficiency is about 70 percent, with a work rate of 0.10 ha/hour. By keeping the harvester's speed at 1.5 km/h, this micro combine harvester's potential work rate is 0.15 hectares per hour. The losses during the harvesting operation were calculated to be 2.2 per cent. The study's results show that using micro combine harvesters can assist in carrying out rice harvesting work in areas where soft soil issues make it challenging to use the standard large combine harvesters. Farmers that grow rice on a small scale also benefit from using this micro combine harvester. The small percentage of losses demonstrated the effectiveness of this micro combine harvester.

Goal orientation patterns and preferred coaching leadership styles among football players of District Training Centre in Seberang Perai Tengah, Penang, Malaysia

Goal orientation patterns and preferred coaching leadership styles among football players of District Training Centre in Seberang Perai Tengah, Penang, Malaysia

The Role of Emerging Technologies of Students' Academic Achievement at Polytechnic Seberang Perai

Education is crucial for global progress and is always changing due to the impact of current technologies. Ongoing discussions focus on how developing technologies are affecting teaching and learning approaches. This essay examines how incorporating new technology in education impacts academic success. Although technology is deemed essential for information dissemination in education, the influence of new technology on academic success is still uncertain. This research examines the elevated failure rates at Seberang Perai Polytechnic (PSP) in Malaysia, linking them to factors including insufficient information, slow progress in studies, and inadequate time management. The study seeks to investigate the influence of new technologies on academic achievement at PSP. The study uses an ex post facto research strategy and quantitative approaches to gather data from 200 respondents at PSP. The study aims to identify the new technologies used by students in various departments and evaluate how these technologies affect academic achievement. Chi-Square analysis and Spearman correlation coefficient are used to test hypotheses. The survey shows that modern technology is widely accessible, with cellphones being the most favored among pupils. Noticeable discrepancies in technological access across departments have been discovered. Weak connections exist between technology usage frequency and academic achievement, with just one statistically meaningful association discovered in obtaining material on the internet. The research helps fill the void in literature on the use of new technologies for academic objectives within the context of PSP. The results underscore the need of teaching students about efficient technology utilization to improve academic results. The study highlights that the presence of new technologies does not automatically lead to academic progress. Academic improvement relies on how students incorporate these resources into their learning methods. Suggestions involve teaching students how to use technology effectively and understanding that academic success is not guaranteed solely by using technology.

Inconsistent changes on infuscation and length of the forewing of Heterotrigona itama populations supported by COI Phylogeny

No study has been done so far using a large number of data for investigating the morphological changes (infuscation and length of the forewings) of the Heterotrigona itama populations, and constructing its phylogeny using the cytochrome c oxidase (COI) sequences. Through this research, the origin of the plant species of each colony will be estimated and may confirm does the movement of log beehives is supported by the COI phylogeny or not. That information still is not understood and is very crucial as the basis of genetic information and implies evolutionary transition and conservation programmes. In this study, the samples of H. itama from 37 colonies throughout Malaysia were collected from log beehives in varied ecosystems, wild (several forest types) and non-wild (orchards and residential areas). In this study, the non-infuscated front wings found in many H. itama populations are widely distributed in the East and West Malaysia populations, while no significant difference in H. itama populations (F (36, 369) = 1.84, p > 0.05) was observed in the length of the forewing. The Neighbour-Joining (NJ), Maximum Parsimony (MP), and Bayesian inference (BI) trees of the COI showed a mixture between colonies and sampling sites on the tree topologies, except the Seberang Perai colony where the beehive log was collected from the mangrove tree. The results of the phylogenetic analyses supported the findings on the morphological changes that are probably due to the movement of log beehives, however, it is not parallel with the changing ecosystem types.

Relationships between Air Pollutants and Meteorological Factors during Southwest and Northeast Monsoon at Urban Areas in Peninsular Malaysia

People who currently live in urban areas are subjected to significantly higher levels of exposure to air pollution. Pollutant concentrations in the air change according to the weather, the locations of the many sources of pollution, and the topography of the area. This study examines the link between meteorological parameters (ambient temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed) and daily air pollutant concentrations in four monitoring stations at Peninsular Malaysian cities (Seberang Perai, Pasir Gudang, Batu Muda, and Kemaman) during southwest and northeast monsoon. Pearson Correlation Analysis analyzed air quality data over two years (January 2016 - January 2018). The study found that PM10 concentrations were highest at all monitoring locations. At all monitoring locations, climatic parameters correlated with NO2, PM10, and CO. Air pollution and meteorological conditions correlate weakly to moderately during the southwest monsoon. The investigation found that weather conditions affect O3 most during the dry season. CO and climatic parameters correlated weakly at all four monitoring stations during the northeast monsoon. PM10 correlated positively with ambient temperature and negatively with relative humidity and wind speed at all four stations. The northeast monsoon correlation values were weak to moderate. This study will help officials identify optimal air pollution controls for metropolitan areas during monsoon seasons in line with SDG-11, which promotes sustainable cities and communities.

The Influence of Entrepreneurship Learning and the Social Environment on Students' Interest in Entrepreneurship (Case Study of Students at Medan State Polytechnic and Seberang Perai Polytechnic, Malaysia)

Entrepreneurship learning is a technique prepared through teachers for students on a way to advantage and procedure understanding, capabilities and attitudes. The social surroundings is one of the elements which could influence someone or organization to do so and trade the behavior of every person. This study seeks to gather real-world proof of how much students' interest in entrepreneurship at Medan State Polytechnic and Seberang Perai Polytechnic in Malaysia is affected by the entrepreneurship learning program and the social environment. The descriptive quantitative method was employed for this research, involving a sample of 75 Polmed students and 76 PSP students from Malaysia, making a total of 151 participants. The analysis method utilized multiple linear regressions with SPSS version 25 to process the data statistically. The findings indicate that both entrepreneurial learning and the social environment significantly impact students' interest in entrepreneurship among Polmed and PSP students in Malaysia. The adjusted R Square test revealed a coefficient of determination of 0.776, suggesting that 77.6% of the entrepreneurial interest at Medan State Polytechnic and Malaysian State Polytechnic could be attributed to entrepreneurial learning and the social environment, while 22.4% might be influenced by unexamined variables in this research.

Student Perception of Teaching and Learning Based on M-Learning Regarding Student Interest and Motivation in the Sub-Topic of Encryption

This study aims to survey students' perceptions of application-based teaching and learning in the subtopic of Encryption for the DFT 20083 Security Basic and IT Professional course. This study was conducted on 50 Diploma in Information Technology (Digital Technology) students at Seberang Perai Polytechnic. The sampling technique used is the stratified cluster random sampling technique. The instrument used in this study is a questionnaire that uses a Likert scale. The results of the pilot study show that the instrument used has a very high reliability value of 0.952. The study data were analyzed to obtain the mean, standard deviation, frequency and percentage. Descriptive analysis of the perception of students' interest and motivation towards teaching and learning based on m-learning in the Basic Security and Professional IT course is at a high level with a mean value of 3.60 for interest and 3.53 for motivation. This finding shows that teaching and learning based on m-learning in the Encryption sub-topic for the DFT 20083 Security Basic and IT Professional course has a positive impact on students. In conclusion, learning based on m-learning revealed to students can create a fun atmosphere in learning DFT 20083 Security Basic and IT Professional courses and can improve learning skills among students.

Social innovation in working management practices to support facilities management at Malaysian polytechnics

Purpose Operation and maintenance (O&M) processes projects such as identification, assessment, planning and execution, embody a variety of standards such as technical (method of statement), environmental, economic (campus development) and social (health and wellbeing). Because these standards have proven to be challenging to integrate, local governments are increasingly experimenting with social innovation (SI) as a bottom-up form of standard integration. This study aims to apply the concept of SI to the O&M processes of facilities management at polytechnics in Malaysia to identify problems with conventional working practices in this area and to recommend potential solutions. Design/methodology/approach The paper reviews evidence that conventional working methods generate significant problems related to paper-based forms, improper database management and flawed decision-making processes. Because of the lack knowledge about different ways of how standard integration is achieved, the comparison of three polytechnic institutions which are Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) and Southern Polytechnic College of Engineering and Engineering Technology (SPCEET) in USA as well as Seberang Perai Polytechnic, Pulau Pinang (PSP) in Malaysia shares the ambition to realise standard integration of O&M through SI. Findings The findings reveal that SI leads to four ways of standard integration: computerised maintenance management system, online customer complaint, electronic form and relational database. Application of the concept of SI reveals the need for more sophisticated management solutions in the O&M processes of facilities management. Originality/value These standard integration arrangements unfortunately seem to mainly contribute to greater alignment between standard rather than true standard integration. The concept of SI will guide future improvements and developments in maintenance management systems to fulfil requirements in this area.

Genetic Studies for Selected Agronomic Traits in 19 Maintainer Genotypes of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

The current study was performed at MARDI Seberang Perai, Penang, Malaysia, during the Off Season 2020. This study aims to analyze genetic parameters, correlation, and path coefficient for 11 agronomic traits in 19 maintainer rice genotypes. All experimental units were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Observations were recorded for days to 50% flowering, plant height, culm height, panicle length, total panicle per plant, total spikelet per panicle, spikelet fertility, thousand-grain weight, grain length, grain width, and grain yield per plant. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences in the genotype factor for all assessed traits. The total spikelet per panicle trait exhibited the highest phenotypic and genotypic variance. Moreover, this trait had high broad-sense heritability and high genetic advance as percent of mean. Total panicle per plant recorded the highest value of phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation among traits under study and were classified as high and moderate, respectively. The traits association study revealed a significant positive correlation between grain yield per plant and two traits: total panicle per plant and spikelet fertility. Path analysis revealed a very high direct effect of plant height, culm height, and panicle length on grain yield per plant. This study contributes essential knowledge for the strategic design of effective breeding programs.

Examining Large-Scale Solar (LSS) Photovoltaic (PV) Operating Utilities by using Environmental Impact Screening (EIS)

For Malaysia’s future energy needs, solar photovoltaic (PV) technology and farming is becoming a more costeffective option and technology in achieving Malaysia’s goal of having 31% renewable energy in its power mix by year 2025. Malaysia’s global climate commitment is to reduce its economy-wide carbon intensity (as a percentage of GDP) by 45% by 2030 compared to 2005 levels. Realizing the government’s vision is critical to assisting the country in meeting its Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) targets (SEDA, 2022). Hence, this paper highlights the evaluation of an existing solar farm located at Seberang Perai Pulau Pinang, Malaysia as a case study to examine the potential environmental impact arising from of large-scale solar (LSS) PV development utilising the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) under the Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) technique. The approach for this study was conducting in depth interviews with 16 people, including academics, authorities, and experts in the field. Large projects need to be evaluated to make sure that any potential problems are found and resolved early in the planning and design phases. This study considers the effects on the environment and chemicals (EC), as well as occupational safety (OSH) and economic impact (EI). AHP is then used to assess the data and utilized to produce the final component rankings. By showing the outcomes, the bar chart will aid in improved decision-making. The bar chart’s ability to display the results will help in the decision-making. From the results, LSS PV farm were conducive to achieving strong sustainability however in term of environmental degradation, mitigation action must be implemented on site to tackle the arising issues.

Performance Evaluation of a Height Adjustable Mini Combine Harvester

Mini combine harvesters have been very popular among paddy farmers. The compact size of the machine, in addition to the axial flow threshing mechanism and the effect of low ground pressure on paddy soil, makes it a potential alternative for efficient paddy harvesting of a height-adjustable mini combine harvester used for harvesting paddy fields. This type of harvester was tested in typical paddy field conditions planted with MR297 variety at MARDI Seberang Perai. The performance tests included measuring theoretical and effective field capacity, field efficiency, soil bearing capacity before and after machine disturbance and machine slippage. The fuel consumption was also recorded. The combined harvesting losses were also measured during the experiment. Results showed that in wet and muddy conditions, the mini combine harvester obtained a theoretical field capacity (TFC) of 1.28 ha/hr, effective field capacity (EFC) of 0.94 ha/hr and a field efficiency (FE) of 73.4%. The average fuel consumption of the mini combine harvester was 25 L /ha. The wheel slippage in wet paddy fields was 2.18% and on farm roads was 1.55%. The mini combine harvester also contributed to producing less ground effects, combined with the use of low ground contact pressure tracks, that caused minimal soil disturbance that would affect the soil hardpan layer. This mini combine harvester produced an average harvesting loss of 2.3% with an average harvesting impurity of 10.65%. The mini combine harvester had enough power to move in typical paddy field conditions, with no soft soil problems. The mini combine harvester was able to turn 360 degrees within a small area, which made it suitable for harvesting in paddy fields. Thus, this mini combine harvester has the potential to be used for paddy harvesting with the ability to not only produce minimal harvesting loss, but also produce less ground contact pressure which can help to manage the soil hardpan layer from being easily damaged.

Key determinants enhancing local community acceptance of migrant labour settlements in Seberang Perai, Penang, Malaysia

Key determinants enhancing local community acceptance of migrant labour settlements in Seberang Perai, Penang, Malaysia

Decision Making Toward Sustainable Material during Planning Stage at Construction in Seberang Perai Tengah Pulau Pinang

The efficiency of using sustainable materials has been an important issue in ensuring the success of sustainable construction in Pulau Pinang. Unfortunately, the construction sector is one of the most energy-intensive sectors, contributing to global climate change and environmental issues. Thus, this study aims to identify the factor of sustainable materials selection in focusing on Seberang Perai Tengah and to determine the relationship between the decision-making factor and elements in the planning stage toward sustainable construction. The quantitative method was conducted by survey, and the instrument used was an online questionnaire survey. About 54 samples of the questionnaire were collected from those involved in the construction sector in Seberang Perai Tengah, Pulau Pinang. The result shows the factors of decision-making that have the most influence on sustainable material selection are technology and training. Meanwhile, the planning stage element that has the most significant influence on the criteria of sustainable material is the project life cycle. This study could be valuable for all parties in the construction industry, especially to the decision-maker, engineers, clients, employers and staff, academicians, policymakers, researchers, and organizations.

Determinants of non-adherence to home injury prevention practice among parents of under-five children in North Seberang Perai district, Penang: A mixed-methods study protocol.

Unintentional injury is a global burden that occurs everywhere, including in our homes. Young children are most vulnerable to home injuries because they still develop their physical and psychological skills and spend most of their time at home. Despite being largely preventable, three consecutive national surveys show no reduction in the rate of injury among children under five. More surprisingly, children from high-income families were found to have the highest incidence of injury, contradicting the findings from other countries. This study aims to identify the determinants of non-adherence to unintentional home injury prevention practice among parents of under-five children in the North Seberang Perai district, Penang. This sequential explanatory mixed-methods study consists of two phases consisting of a quantitative study which looks into respondents and their child's sociodemographic status, their home injury prevention practice and the independent variables, followed by a qualitative study that interviews parents with non-adherence to home injury prevention practice and explore their barriers. In phase I, the parent or primary caregiver of a child age less than five years old who age 18 or older and is a Malaysian will be included in the study while being disabled or having a severe psychiatric disorder or having the index child diagnosed with chronic disease will make them not eligible to participate in the study. Derived using the two-group proportion formula, a sample size of 453 parents will be sampled among those with under-five children following up at the Maternal Child Health Department in the health clinics of North Seberang Perai using stratified systematic sampling. Chi-square/Fisher Exact test, simple logistic regression and multiple logistic regression will be used for data analysis. The sample will be stratified according to household income to look for associated factors and determinants of low prevention practice. In phase II, parents with a low score from the quantitative study will be selected to participate in the qualitative study using purposive sampling. A semi-structured interview using the help of an interview guide will be carried out and recorded with a voice recorder. The thematic analysis approach will be used to analyse the qualitative data. The study has been registered under the National Medical Research Registry. It is hoped that findings from this study can shed light on the barriers faced by under-five parents in carrying out preventive measures at home.

INTERAKSI ANTARA IKLIM ORGANISASI SEKOLAH DAN SEMANGAT UNTUK MENGAJAR TERHADAP KESEJAHTERAAN PSIKOLOGI GURU DI SEBERANG PERAI TENGAH, PULAU PINANG

Psychological well-being means the individual's ability to accept themselves and others in their environment as well as knowing their own potential in addition to developing their existing potential. Teachers are one of the important elements in pedagogy to produce quality education, especially in mastering 21st century learning skills. The imperfect psychological well-being of teachers can affect their quality of life. School organizational climate is a general concept that includes the environment experienced by educators and patterns their behavior especially in the school area. Based on Social Cognitive Theory (Bandura, 1986; 1997), this study investigates the interaction between the school's organizational climates on the psychological well-being of teachers in Seberang Perai Tengah, Penang in addition to Passion for Teaching used as a mediator between the two variables. To test the suggested hypothesis, data was collected through a questionnaire. The sample of this study consists of 196 teachers who teach in the Seberang Perai Tengah district, Penang who use the rules of thumbs by Roscoe et al. (1975) This study has found that the relationship between the School Organizational Climate and the psychological well-being of teachers is related, but the passion for teaching as a mediating variable used in this study does not show a relationship between the organizational climate and the psychological well-being of teachers. Based on the findings of the study, the methodology, theoretical and practical implications of the study were discussed. Recommendations for future research are also presented.

Inorganic and Natural Silicon Sources as Soil Amendment on Growth of Local Aromatic Rice Variety

Lodging causes a yield loss of approximately 1 ton per hectare as 20% of the total rice production. Silicon(Si) fertilisers significantly improve paddy grain yield, and lodging resistance by improving leaf firmnessbesides promoting better plant canopy and boosting photosynthesis. The objective of this study was todetermine the effects of Si derived from calcium silicate (CaSiO3), rice husk ash, and rice straw on paddyplant growth. A pot study was conducted at MARDI Seberang Perai during the main season (2019/2020)and the off-season (2020) using the MRQ 76 rice variety to evaluate 10 Si carriers. The growth parametersof the paddy plants such as number of tillers, plant height, and chlorophyll content at different growth stageswere evaluated. During season 1, treatment with 100% CaSiO3 (T4) significantly improved the plant height.Nevertheless, the organic Si (T1, T2, and T3) and combination between organic Si with CaSiO3 (T5, T6,T7, and T8) resulted in the tallest plants during season 2. Treatment T7 increased the tillering number permeter square during season 1 whereas in season 2 treatment T8 performed better compared to the standardfertiliser (T9) and control (T10). However, the treatments evaluated in this study did not significantly affectthe chlorophyll content of the paddy plants. Applying a combination of rice straw (50%) and rice husk ash(50%) a day before transplanting, followed by CaSiO3 (100%) as a silicate material during panicle initiation,along with additional NPK fertiliser (17:3:25:2MgO) during heading stage (T7), and without additionalNPK fertiliser (17:3:25:2MgO) at the heading stage (T8) were most effective in enhancing crop growth andmaintaining the paddy cultivation. Therefore, the findings in this study suggested the potential of usinginorganic and organic Si to improve the growth and development of aromatic rice variety.