Seasonal Variations In Physico-chemical Characteristics Research Articles

A Study on Seasonal Variations of Physicochemical Characteristics of Maan River: A Tributary of Narmada River in Relation to Zooplankton Diversity

A study on the relationship between zooplankton abundance and physicochemical parameters of the Maan River of Manawar taluka of Dhar was made in January year of 2008. In the present study impact of the different physicochemical parameters were varied from place to place depending upon the conditions of the water body. The physicochemical parameters studied were within the permissible limits The zooplanktonic community are 38 species belonging to 29 genera of the following group.

ASSESSMENT OF WATER QUALITY AND SEASONAL FLUCTUATION OF ZOOPLANKTON POPULATION IN THE DORA BEEL ECOSYSTEM OF KAMRUP DISTRICT, ASSAM

The present investigation deals with the seasonal variations in physico-chemical characteristics and abundance of zooplankton population in Dora Beel, Kamrup District of Assam. The survey was undertaken from March, 2022 - February, 2023 and done in four different seasons viz. Monsoon, Pre-monsoon, winter and Post-monsoon. The physico-chemical studies include the seasonal study of water temperatures, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), pH and Free Carbon dioxide (CO2 ). The result of water analysis reveals that in winter season water temperature and free CO2 were minimum but dissolved oxygen was maximum. In the monsoon season water temperature and BOD were maximum but DO was in minimum level. Free carbon dioxide was maximum but BOD was minimum in post-monsoon. The pH level was minimum in pre-monsoon season and maximum in post-monsoon. A total 24 numbers of zooplankton species were recorded belonging to five different planktonic groups such as Protozoa, Rotifera, Cladocera, Ostracoda and Copepoda. The post-monsoon season observe as peak abundance season for all the zooplanktons and pre-monsoon as low abundance season. Protozoa is the dominant group (based on abundance) followed by Rotifera, Cladocera and Copepoda. But the number of species was highest in Rotifera group. The Copepoda and Ostracoda were the lowest abundant group.

Seasonal Variations in Physico-Chemical Parameters of Manakudy Estuary, Southwest Coast of India

The present study was carried out to determine the seasonal variations in physico-chemical characteristics of water in Manakudy estuary Southwest coast of India, from June 2020 to May 2022. The study revealed that the physico-chemical parameters like temperature, hydrogen ion concentration, salinity, dissolved oxygen, nutrients like nitrate, nitrite, ammonia and total phosphorous exhibited considerable seasonal and spatial variations. The study showed that the Manakudy estuary is in a good state of health.

Comparative study on seasonal variations in physico-chemical characteristics of four soda lakes of Ethiopia (Arenguade, Beseka, Chitu and Shala)

Soda lakes are productive natural ecosystems with substantial economic and non-economic values. Currently, they are facing considerable environmental threats that can lead to further degradation. The objective of this study was to investigate comparative spatiotemporal variations of physicochemical properties of four Ethiopian soda lakes in comparison with their historical data. Central (open-water) sampling sites were selected from four Ethiopian soda lakes: Arenguade, Beseka, Chittu and Shala. Water samples were collected from open sampling stations from January to December 2020 and analyzed at Limnology laboratory of Addis Ababa University. The geographical position of each lake was determined by means of Global Positioning System (GPS). All physicochemical factors exhibited significant differences between seasons (ANOVA, P < 0.05), except salinity in Lake Shala. The concentrations of physicochemical parameters were generally high during the dry seasons in the studied lakes due to the low incidence of rainfall, caused by recurrent drought, resulting in higher evapotranspiration rates as they are characterized by a long dry season. Lakes Arenguade and Beseka showed considerable decrease in conductivity, alkalinity and salinity, compared to data from the 1960s and 1990s, which might be attributed to dilution effect. The same parameters show slightly increasing trend in Lake Arenguade which might be due to high evaporation rate. In general, the physicochemical parameters of the study lakes showed temporal variations, which could be attributed to the dilution effect, evaporation, and hydrological characteristics of the Ethiopian Rift Valley. In the face of climate change and recurring droughts, in the Ethiopian Rift Valley, the outcomes of this study might be used as input for the long-term planning, of water resources management and devising mitigation strategies.

Seasonal Variation and Pollution Assessment of Some Physicochemical Parameters of the Surface Water of Mahin Lagoon and Its Adjoining creeks, South-Western Nigeria

Indiscriminate discharge of untreated wastes from into the aquatic ecosystem may result in deterioration of water quality, as well as poses a great threat to the balance of aquatic ecosystems and human health. This study investigated the seasonal variation in physicochemical characteristics and assessed the pollution status of Mahin Lagoon and its adjoining creeks using standard method. Results of physico-chemical parameters varied significantly (p&lt;0.05) across seasons and stations, with the following mean values: Temperature (27.79±0.96oC), salinity (7.65±0.99‰), conductivity (15.23±17.63µS/cm), pH (7.74±6.57), DO (7.65±0.99 mg/L), BOD (7.74±6.57mg/L), nitrate (8.00±3.67mg/L), sulphate (8.60±5.01mg/L), phosphate (3.88±1.55mg/L). Heavy metals were with the following mean values: Zn (7.15±6.31mg/L), Pb (0.04±0.21mg/L), Fe (10.63±6.02mg/L), Cu (1.16±1.72mg/L), Cr (0.02±0.00mg/L), Cd (0.01±0.08mg/L), Ni (0.28±0.45mg/L) and Co (0.26±0.44mg/L). The physic-chemical parameters were within the permissible limits recommended by International Organizations for lotic ecosystem. However, the single-factor pollution index (PI) classified pH, DO, BOD, Cu and Zn within the ‘medium pollution’ category while nitrate and phosphate indicated heavy pollution status. The PI also revealed that Cu, Fe and Ni were at serious pollution level while Co and Cr were at non-pollution level. The comprehensive pollution index revealed that the water was severely polluted (CPI &lt; 2). The Hazard Quotients of heavy metals in the surface water were less than 1 (HQ &lt; 1) indicating there was no risk to human health through ingestion or dermal contact. Therefore, the water from the Mahin lagoon and its adjoining creeks may still be suitable for domestic use and conducive for survival of aquatic life.

A study of saltwater intrusion in the Kallada River, southwest coast of Kerala, India

AbstractMunroe Island in Kollam District of Kerala is a typical backwater village situated at the confluence of the Ashtamudi backwater and the Kallada River system. It is an amalgamation of eight small islands with a total area of 13.4 km2. Salinity intrusion has been a serious threat in the downstream areas of Kallada River for more than one and half decades, affecting the groundwater quality of Munroe Island. The present study focuses on the seasonal variation in physico-chemical characteristics of the underground water system of Munroe Island and Kallada River with special reference to saline water intrusion. Physico-chemical analysis of ground water revealed that samples were unsuitable for drinking due to higher content of Na, Ca, and K. Microbiological analysis of island groundwater showed the presence of coliform and E. coli bacteria above the permissible limit. Results indicated a significant correlation between salinity and major anions viz., Cl− and SO42 and cations viz., Mg, Na, Ca, and K of both river surface and island groundwater. In the present study it is clearly evident the occurrence of saltwater intrusion in Kallada River from Ashtamudy Lake and the its severity become higher during premonsoon season. The results also indicated that the salinity increase in Kallada River has a negative impact on island groundwater quality. The paper also suggests suitable management strategies for overcoming the saltwater intrusion thereby upgrading island sustainability.

Spatial and seasonal variation in physicochemical characteristics and phytoplankton in an estuary of a tropical delta system

The delta of the Parnaíba River has a set of highly dynamic, productive ecosystems located in the Amazon–semiarid interface environment on the coast of Brazil. Phytoplankton is a key element in the evaluation of aquatic environments, as it is extremely sensitive to the broad spatial and seasonal variability of masses of freshwater and the physicochemical conditions of the water. To evaluate spatial–seasonal variation in the hydrological characteristics and the phytoplankton community in relation to the saline gradient, three sampling campaigns were performed at eight points considering seasonal periods (dry, rainy and transition) and spatial distribution (Nearshore Turbid Zone [NTZ], Mixing Zone [MZ] and Tidal River Zone [TRZ]) during neap tides. Variability in the environmental characteristics and phytoplankton was tested using permutational multivariate analysis of variance, dissimilarities and correlations. The data revealed a strong spatial–seasonal​ influence throughout the entire length of the estuary, with a clear spatial gradient related to salinity. Thalassiosira subtilis was the bioindicator for the NTZ, Cyclotella meneghiniana for the MZ and Oocystis parva for the TRZ. Concentrations of chlorophyll a, suspended particulate matter and nitrite were the main variables affected by the two factors combined (seasonality and spatial distribution). Moreover, total dissolved solids, nitrate and nitrite were the variables that promoted favorable ecological conditions for the development of the phytoplankton community associated with seasonality, especially the growth of Cyclotella meneghiniana, which proved to be better adapted to these conditions and was considered a key species in the area studied.

Seasonal variation in physicochemical characteristics of Agulu Lake, South Eastern Nigeria

Discharges from natural and anthropogenic sources entering aquatic ecosystem may impair the physicochemical parameters as well as impact the distribution of resident aquatic biota. Seasonal variation in physicochemical characteristics of Agulu was investigated. The physicochemical properties of the lake determined according to the standard methods were temperature, conductivity, pH, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, phosphates, sulphates, nitrate-nitrogen, carbon dioxide, turbidity, total dissolved solid, total suspended solid and total hardness. Results showed spatial, monthly and seasonal variations in the parameters analyzed. The mean values of the parameters were as follows: Temperature 29±1. 67 oC, pH 5.27 ± 1.14, turbidity 24.15 ± 1.76 NTU, conductivity 9.67 ± 1.71 μs/cm, alkalinity 51.47 ± 5.02 mg/L, total dissolved solids 10.54 ± 1.25 mg/L, total suspended solid 9.51 ± 1.11 mg/L, sulphate 2.71 ± 0.39 mg/L, phosphates 0.91 ± 0.27 mg/L, nitrate-nitrogen 0.90 ± 0.29 mg/L, dissolved oxygen 5.41 ± 0.72 mg/L and carbon dioxide 3.98 ± 0.87 mg/L. In general the physicochemical parameters measured did not vary among the stations but there were significant variations during the rainy and dry seasons (P

Assessment of Seasonal Variation in Physicochemical Characteristics of the Soil at Gautala Reserve Forest (M.S), India

The aim of study was to investigate the seasonal changes of physicochemical parameters in the soil of selected 15 spots of the Gautala reserve forest. The soil is consist of the most significant natural factors, which is created by weathering of the rocks existing in the environment. The present survey was made to study consists the physicochemical parameters in the soil of the Gautala Reserve Forest during the year 2017-18 at three seasonal intervals i.e. rainy, winter and summer seasons. The soil parameters examined were soil pH, soil texture, moisture content, bulk density, electrical conductivity (EC),organic carbon (OC), available Nitrogen (N), available Phosphorus (P), and available Potassium (K). The Gautala forest soil physical property was analyzed as sandy loam and silty loam. The pH and Organic carbon levels were low during summer and high in monsoon. The total amount of available N, P, K, electrical conductivity, water holding capacity and moisture content were maximum in monsoon and minimum in summer season. The physicochemical properties are dependent variables that play an important role in order to understand plant diversity.

Assessment of seasonal variation in physico-chemical characteristics of a lentic waterbody of Bhopal, India

The present study was conducted with an aim to assess the seasonal variation and nutrient status of a lentic water body (Lower lake) of Bhopal, India. Different variables involving water temperature (W.T), Secchi transparency (TRN), pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), conductivity (CON), total alkalinity (T.A), dissolved oxygen (DO), chlorides (CL), total hardness (TH), orthophosphate (PO4-3) and nitrate (NO3-N) were examined using the standard methodology of APHA (2005). Significant seasonal variation was observed in Secchi transparency which ranged from 27 cm to 83 cm, chlorides (29 mg/l to 58 mg/l, dissolved oxygen (1.6 mg/l to 9.2 mg/l), phosphate (1.76 mg/l to 2.9 mg/l) and nitrate (0.98 mg/l to 3.57 mg/l). Our results confer that the water body is undergoing nutrient enrichment especially littoral sites due to direct influx of untreated sewage from surrounding urban settlements which has resulted in the deterioration of water quality of the lake. Pearson correlation analysis was employed to determine the relationship among water parameters which revealed both significant positive and negative trends.

Evaluation of mass bathing effects on water quality status of eight prominent ponds of Haryana (India): A multi-location study

Amongst the various anthropogenic activities, mass bathing and other religious rituals also affect the water quality of aquatic ecosystem. The present research has been conducted to evaluate the impact of mass bathing and other religious activities on the eight famous religious water bodies of Haryana (Kapalmochan tirth, Kulotarn tirth, Ban-Ganga tirth, Brahmsarovar, Jyotisar, Saraswati tirth, Phalgu tirth and Pandu-Pindara tirth). The water samples were collected from three sampling stations (A, B and C) at each of the eight selected sites (S1 to S8) before and after the religious rituals and also seasonally. The samples were analyzed for Dissolved oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) ammonia and heavy metals . The study highlighted the seasonal variations of physicochemical characteristics and also the effects of mass bathing and religious activities on water quality of the religious sites. Although the water was reported as safe in terms of DO content, total ammonia, BOD and the values of COD before the religious rituals but the values exceeded the maximum permissible limit {DO (0.8±0.1, 0.76±0.11), BOD (25.07±0.13, 18.13±0.13),COD (131.9±2.08), Ammonia (2.31±.23, 6.57±0.02) Iron (5890 µg L-1) and Zinc (200 µg L-1)} after mass bathing and religious rituals indicating that the water was not suitable for drinking as well as bathing purposes after the rituals/mass bathing. So, bathing during/after such rituals may become a health hazards to the bathers or users of the water and also may affect the aquatic biota, further depleting it. There is thus a need of regular monitoring and regular application of suitable remedial measures to prevent the depletion of the quality of lentic waters.

Seasonal Variations of Physico-Chemical Characteristics in Uppanar Estuary South East Coast of Cuddalore District, Tamil Nadu, India

Seasonal Variations of Physico-Chemical Characteristics in Uppanar Estuary South East Coast of Cuddalore District, Tamil Nadu, India

Seasonal variations of physicochemical characteristics of brewery industry effluent and receiving water of Ikpoba-Oha Rivers, Benin City, Nigeria

The impact of the effluents from a Brewery industry on the water quality of Ikpoba-Oha River was carried out during wet and dry seasons, 2016. Water samples from three selected points in the river were analyzed for pH, temperature, total solids, total dissolved solids, Hardness, BOD, COD, DO, Chlorides, phosphates, sulphates. Samples were collected at three points designated as: point 1 (effluent), point 2 (upstream), and point 3 (downstream). The results of the analysis of the effluent obtained on both seasons were: pH (5.90-8.38), temperature (25.20 o C-33.15 o C), chlorides (12.0-129.2 mg/l ), phosphates (0.9-20.48 mg/l ), sulphates (3.30-53.0 mg/l ), nitrates (3.8-17.20 mg/l ), DO (2.3- 4.15 mg/l ), Total Hardness (12.10-425.6 mg/l ), Ca hardness (6.0-296.4 mg/l ), Total Solids (44.0-513 mg/l ), TSS (20- 159 mg/l ) and TDS (24-354 mg/l ).The levels of most of the parameters monitored are generally higher at the point of effluent discharged into water bodies and dispersed to less malign conditions downstream due to water dilution effect. Keywords: Physicochemical properties, Ikpoba River, Effluent, pH, Hardness

Seasonal variations in physico-chemical characteristics and water quality of Kosi River at Bhagalpur and Katihar District of North Bihar

The aim of this study is to assess physico-chemical characteristics, pollution studies from January 2017 to October 2017 of lower Kosi area. The range of various parameters of river water (The ambient temperature ranged between 17.2°C-32.4°C, water temperature 15°C-32°C, electrical conductivity 81–256 μS, depth 1–4 m total dissolved solids 41-130mg/l, pH 7.9–8.9, dissolved oxygen 8.8–16 mg/l, free carbon dioxide 4–60 mg/l, total alkalinity 14–26 mg/l, total hardness 32–158 mg/l, chlorides 1.9–9.9 mg/l, calcium hardness 60–140 mg/l, nitrate-nitrogen 0.017–0.117 mg/l, phosphate-phosphorus 0.11–0.2 mg/l, biochemical oxygen demand 0.4–4 mg/l, chemical oxygen demand 5.376–67.08 mg/l) exhibit seasonal fluctuations. Agricultural practices are performed both the side of river. This was due to allocthonous nutrients brought in to the river from the surrounding catchment area. The WQI at all sites III in pre-monsoon and winters at site II were in poor category. The above study indicated that the river water is slightly inclined towards eutrophication. Therefore, the conservation and management of this river water stretch is very much required.

Seasonal variations of Saanen goat milk composition and the impact of climatic conditions.

The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of climatic conditions and their impact on seasonal variations of physico-chemical characteristics of Saanen goat milk produced over a period of 4years. Lactation period (early, mid and late) and year were considered as factors that influence physico-chemical composition of milk. Pearson's coefficient of correlation was calculated between the physico-chemical characteristics of milk (fat, proteins, lactose, non-fat dry matter, density, freezing point, pH, titrable acidity) and climatic condition parameters (air temperature, temperature humidity index-THI, solar radiation duration, relative humidity). Results showed that all physico-chemical characteristics of Saanen goat milk varied significantly throughout the lactation period and years. The decrease of fat, protein, non-fat dry matter and lactose content in goat milk during the mid-lactation period was more pronounced than was previously reported in the literature. The highest values for these characteristics were recorded in the late lactation period. Observed variations were explained by negative correlation between THI and the physico-chemical characteristics of Saanen goat milk. This indicated that Saanen goats were very prone to heat stress, which implied the decrease of physico-chemical characteristics during hot summers.

An assessment of seasonal variations in physico-chemical characteristics of underground water in a growing tropical city in Nigeria

The quality of underground water is influenced by natural and anthropological factors which need to be constantly monitored in order to safeguard human health. This work investigated seasonal variations in well water in Iwo town, Osun State Nigeria. A total of 15 water samples were collected from hand-dug wells from each of the political wards. Samples were analysed for seven physico-chemical parameters namely pH, temperature, Electrical Conductivity, Phosphate, Sulphate, Nitrate and Total Hardness. The analysis was done according to standard method of water examination. The results of the analysis showed that the mean content of each of the parameters was higher during the dry season. These are respectively 8.10 ± 0.61, 28.55 o C ± 0.88, 185.60μᶴcm -1 ± 80.88, 0.04mg/L ± 0.02, 0.05mg/L ± 0.02, 0.02mg/L ± 0.01 and 315.47mg/L ± 92.34. These indicate that all water quality parameters analysed were within the WHO and NIS permissible limits. It implies that the well water in Iwo is generally safe for human consumption. However, efforts should be made for regular quality assessment, maintenance and prevention from surface wash into wells for better quality. Further investigation is suggested to examine the bacteriological contents of the underground water to ascertain that the water is free of bacteria to ensure its safety to human health. Keywords: Domestic uses, Osun State, Seasonal variation, Well water, Water quality

Seasonal variations in physico-chemical characteristics of Tuticorin coastal waters, southeast coast of India

Physico-chemical parameters were determined along the Vellapatti, Tharuvaikulam and Threspuram coastal waters, southeast coast of India. All the physico-chemical parameters such as sea surface temperature, salinity, pH, total alkalinity, total suspended solids, dissolved oxygen and nutrients like nitrate, nitrite, inorganic phosphate and reactive silicate were studied for a period of 12 months (June 2014–May 2015). Sea surface temperature varied from 26.4 to 29.7 °C. Salinity varied from 26.1 and 36.2 ‰, hydrogen ion concentration ranged between 8.0 and 8.5. Variation in dissolved oxygen content was from 4.125 to 4.963 mg l−1. Total alkalinity ranged from 64 to 99 mg/l. Total suspended solids ranged from 24 to 97 mg/l. Concentrations of nutrients, viz. nitrates (2.047–4.007 μM/l), nitrites (0.215–0.840 μM/l), phosphates (0.167–0.904 µM/l), total phosphorus (1.039–3.479 μM/l), reactive silicates (3.737–8.876 μM/l) ammonia (0.078–0.526 μM/l) and also varied independently.

Hydrobiology and productivity of Kuntbhyog Lake, (District Mandi, Himachal Pradesh), India

Studies on the biodiversity on Kuntbhyog Lake (Himachal Pradesh) were made on species composition and population dynamics of phytoplankton, zooplankton, nekton, productivity in relation to seasonal variations in physico-chemical characteristics of water. Among phytoplankton, members of Bacillariophyceae and Chlorophyceae constituted the dominant group, whereas Cyanophyceae and Euglenophyceae were the subdominant component. Among zooplankton, Rotifera and Arthropoda formed the dominant group, whereas Protozoa Subdominant and Ostracoda were rare in occurrence. The plankton revealed abundance during summer and post monsoon while the minimum number were recorded during winter. Factors affecting the seasonal distribution of organisms have been discussed. Shannon’s Species Diversity and Nygaard’s Trophic State indices have been calculated. On the basis of the hydrobiological characteristics, according to the classification of waters for various purposes given by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) (

Seasonal variations in physicochemical characteristics and cyanobacterial diversity of a lake in Northern India

Physicochemical analyses and cyanobacterial diversity of Ramgarh Lake water were performed at five sampling sites during winter, summer, and monsoon seasons. Higher load of solids, carbon, and nutrients were persistent throughout the analysis that indicates the conversion of lake from oligotrophic to eutrophic nature. High nutrients load enhanced cyanobacterial biomass, while low nutrients load produced relatively less biomass. The physicochemical parameters of water samples revealed minimum 2.9 mg L−1 dissolved oxygen (DO) at site-1 during summer, while maximum (5.6 mg L−1) at site-4 in monsoon season. Maximum biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) (40 mg L−1) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) (126 mg L−1) were recorded at site-1 during summer, whereas minimum BOD (18 mg L−1) and COD (52 mg L−1) were evident at site-3 in monsoon season. Minimum concentration of nitrate (0.72 mg L−1) was recorded at site-3 in summer, whereas maximum 2.7 mg L−1 was present at site-5 in winter season. The phosphate concentration was maximum (0.52 mg L−1) at site-5 in summer, and minimum (0.18 mg L−1) was observed at site-4 in monsoon season. Cyanobacterial diversity was higher during all the seasons, and dominated by the species of Microcystis at all the five sampling sites.

Seasonal variations in Physico-chemical characteristics of Nirmal Lake, Vasai, Dist. - Thane, Maharashtra.(INDIA).

Seasonal variations in Physico-chemical characteristics of Nirmal Lake, Vasai, Dist. - Thane, Maharashtra.(INDIA).